RHAMNACEAE

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1981, Flora Europaea. Volume 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferae, Cambridge University Press : 243

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.293200
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B0402C-FEC4-E26D-FB47-F72EDEC7F3FA
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	RHAMNACEAE
status

Treatment

CIII. RHAMNACEAE View in CoL 3

Trees or shrubs. Leaves simple, usually stipulate. Inflorescence cymose. Flowers perigynous. Calyx 4- to 5-lobed, lobes valvate in bud. Petals 4-5, often small and sometimes absent, inserted at mouth of the hypanthium and often hooded over the stamens. Stamens 4-5, alternating with the calyx-lobes; anthers versatile. Ovary superior, 2- to 4-locular; ovules solitary. Fruit often fleshy.

1 Stipules spinescent, persistent

2 Youngtwigspuberulent; fruitdry, winged 1. Paliurus 2 Young twigs glabrous; fruit fleshy, unwinged 2. Ziziphus 1 Stipules soft, often caducous

3 Winter buds with scales; flowers usually 4-merous, often unisexual 3. Rhamnus 3 Winter buds naked; flowersusually5-merous,hermaphrodite

4. Frangula