Tuberaria guttata, (L.) Fourr.

4. T. guttata (L.) Fourr. View in CoL , Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon nov. ser., 16: 340 (1868)

( T. variabilis Willk. ; inch T. inconspicua (Thib.) Willk. , Heliantbemum guttatum (L.) Miller ).

Villous annual up to 30 cm, with basal rosette often persisting to anthesis. Basal and lower cauline leaves broadly to narrowly elliptical or obovate, exstipulate; upper cauline leaves linear-oblong or linear-lanceolate, more or less revolute, stipulate or not; all leaves with stellate hairs on both surfaces or only simple hairs above. Flowers 10-20 mm in diameter, long-pedicellate, in terminal raceme-like cymes. Outer sepals much smaller than the inner; petals usually dark-spotted at the base. 2« = 36. S. & W. Europe, northwards to 54° N. and extending eastwards to 14° E. in E. Germany. Al BI Br Bu Co Cr Ga Ge G r Hb Ho Hs It Ju Lu Sa Si Tu.

Very variable in hairness, shape and size of leaves, size of petals and in the persistence of the basal rosette. In some variants the petals may be inconspicuous or absent.

T. brevipes (Boiss. & Reuter) Willk. , Icon. Descr. Pl. Nov. 2: 79 (1859), with very shortly pedicellate flowers, probably represents a variant of this species. It is known only from S. Spain (San Roque).

Species 5-9 are frequently regarded as subspecies or varieties of T. guttata , but they appear to be distinct species and do not fit into a subspecific pattern of distribution.

5. T. bupleurifolia (Lam.) Willk. View in CoL , Icon. Descr. Pl. Nov. 2: 77 (1859).

Like 4 but leaves narrow, the uppermost strongly revolute, bright green, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; inflorescence slender, few-flowered; flowers 10-13 mm in diameter. Coastal sands. S. Portugal, S. W. Spain. Hs Lu.

6. T. villosissima (Pomel) Grosser View in CoL in Engler, Pflanzenreich 14(IV, 193): 59 (1903).

Slender, sericeous-tomentose annual. Basal leaves caducous; cauline leaves 25-50 x 8-12 mm, ovatelanceolate; upper cauline leaves smaller, alternate, with stipules half as long as the leaves; all leaves dark green, villous. Cymes branched at base, distinctly scorpioid when young, dense. Petals unspotted. Capsule villous. Sicilia (Scoglitti, W. o f Ragu- sa). Si. (Algeria.)

7. T. praecox Grosser View in CoL , loc. cit. (1903).

Small, unbranched, slender, grey-villous annual. Lower cauline leaves 25-35x8-12 mm; stipules | as long as upper cauline leaves. Petals scarcely exceeding the sepals, unspotted. Capsule glabrous. Coastal regions o f C. Mediterranean region. Co It Ju Sa Si.

8. T. acuminata (Viv.) Grosser View in CoL , loc. cit. (1903).

Robust, erect annual up to 40 cm, grey-pubescent with appressed hairs. Basal and lower cauline leaves 4 0-60x3-5 mm, linear-lanceolate; stipules I as long as the upper cauline leaves. Inflorescence dense. Pedicels thick and usually erect in fruit. Outer sepals smaller than the inner at anthesis, all accrescent and subequal in fruit; petals unspotted. N. W. Italy. It.9

9. T. macrosepala (Cosson) Willk. View in CoL , Icon. Descr. Pl. Nov. 2: 80 (1859).

Like 8 but often up to 80 cm, with patent hairs; basal leaves 50-80 x 12-30 mm, elliptic-lanceolate, the upper with stipules i to $ as long as the leaves; inflorescence compact, becoming lax in fruit; pedicels arcuate in fruit; outer sepals equalling or exceeding the inner, rarely shorter. Open places, often on mountains. S.W. Spain, E.C. Portugal. Hs Lu.