Citrullus Schrader Citrullus lanatus, (Thunb.) Mansfeld Citrullus colocynthis, (L.) Schrader Cucumis L. Cucumis melo, L. Cucurbita L. Cucurbita pepo, L.

4. Citrullus Schrader View in CoL 1

Monoecious. Stems procumbent or climbing; tendrils simple or branched. Flowers solitary, yellow; calyx and corolla deeply 5-fid. Stamens 3; filaments and anthers free; connective not prolonged beyond the loculi. Female flowers with 3 small staminodes. Disc absent. Ovary with 3 placentae and numerous ovules. Annual; ovary densely lanate 1. lanatus Perennial ; ovary sparsely hispid 2. colocynthis

1. C. lanatus (Thunb.) Mansfeld View in CoL , Kulturpfl. (Beih.) 2: 421 (1959)

(C. vulgaris Schrader , Colocynthis citrullus (L.) O. Kuntze).

Annual. Stems c. 10 mm in diameter, densely villous. Leaves 8-20 x 5-15 cm, ovate in outline, pinnatisect, with lobed segments. Calyx-lobes narrowly lanceolate; corolla-lobes c. 15 mm, ovateoblong, obtuse. Ovary densely lanate. Fruit c. 25 cm in diameter, subglobose or ellipsoid, smooth, greenish; pulp red, succulent. Widely cultivated in S. Europe for its edible fruits (water-melon). (S. Africa.)

2. C. colocynthis (L.) Schrader View in CoL , Linnaea 12: 414 (1838)

( Colocynthis vulgaris Schrader ).

Perennial. Stems c. 2 mm in diameter, hispid. Leaves 5-1 2x3-8 cm, 1- to 2-pinnatisect with 3-5 sinuate-lobed segments. Calyx-lobes subulate; corollalobes c. 5 mm, ovate, acute. Ovary sparsely hispid. Fruit c. 4 cm, globose, smooth, yellow; pericarp dry. S. part o f the Mediterranean region; cultivated elsewhere for its purgative fruits and often naturalized. G r Hs Si [Hu It Rm]. (Arid regions o f N. Africa and Asia.)

5. Cucumis L. 1

Monoecious. Annual or perennial, usually procumbent herbs; tendrils unbranched. Flowers deep yellow, the male usually in clusters, the female solitary; calyx and corolla deeply 5-fid. Stamens 3, free; connective of the anther prolonged beyond the loculi. Female flowers with 3 staminodes. Disc present. Ovary with 3-5 placentae; ovules numerous.

Lagenaria siceraria ( Molina ) Standley, Pubi. Field Mus. (Chicago) ser. bot., 3: 435 (1930) ( L. vulgaris Ser. ), with white flowers and a rotate corolla, is widely cultivated in S. Europe.

1 Fruit ± cylindrical 3. sativus I Fruit globose or ovoid 2 Flowers 20-30 mm; fruit smooth 1. melo 2 Flowers 4-5 mm; fruit aculeate 2. myriocarpus

1. C. melo L. View in CoL , Sp. Pl. 1011 (1753)

( C. dudaim L. , Melo dudaim (L.) Sageret , Melo sativus auch).

Annual. Stems up to 1 m, c. 10 mm in diameter, hispid. Leaves 8-15 x 8-15 cm, suborbicular or reniform, cordate, 5-angled or shallowly 3- to 7-lobed, denticulate, villous, angles or lobes rounded. Calyx-lobes subulate; corolla 20-30 mm; lobes acute. Fruit very variable in size, usually globose or ovoid, pubescent, often becoming glabrous. Widely cultivated in S. Europe for its edible fruit (melon). (Tropical Africa and Asia.)

2. C. myriocarpus Naudin View in CoL , Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 4 (Bot.), 11: 22 (1859).

Annual. Stems up to 2 m, rather slender, shortly hispid or scabrid. Leaves 4-8 cm, deeply (3-)5(-7)-lobed, deep green, nearly glabrous, somewhat scabrid above, very shortly hirsute and later scabrid beneath. Calyx-lobes subulate; corolla 4-5 mm; lobes acute. Fruit 2-2-5 cm, globose, sparsely and softly aculeate. Naturalized locally in Spain, C. Portugal and E. Russia; a rather frequent casual in S. Europe. [Hs Lu Rs (E).] (5. Africa.)

3. C. sativus L. View in CoL , Sp. Pl. 1012 (1753).

Annual. Stems stout, hispid. Leaves 7-18 x 7-18 cm, suborbicular in outline, palmately 3- to 5-lobed, dentate, villous and scabrid; lobes acute or acuminate. Calyx-lobes subulate; corolla 20-30 mm; lobes acute. Fruit cylindrical, terete or angled, glabrous, often tuberculate and aculeate. Widely cultivated for its edible fruit (cucumber) in the southern half o f Europe. (India.)

6. Cucurbita L. 1

Monoecious. Stems procumbent or climbing; tendrils branched (except in some cultivars). Flowers solitary, yellow. Calyx 5-fid; corolla campanulate, lobed to about the middle. Stamens 3; filaments free; anthers coherent. Female flowers with small staminodes. Ovary with 3-5 placentae; ovules numerous.

In addition to the species described below C. ficifolia Bouché , Verh. Ver. Beförd. Gartenb. Preuss. 12: 205 (1837) ( C. melanosperma Gasparr. ), a perennial species with fruits 20-30cm long and with black seeds, and C. mixta Pangalo , Bull. Appi. Bot. Pl.-Breed. (Leningrad) 23: 264 (1930), which is like 2 but has the fruiting peduncle hard, inflated and corky, are cultivated for culinary purposes in parts of S.E. Europe.

1 Fruiting peduncle terete, soft, corky, not expanded at attachment to fruit; flowers slightly scented 3. maxima

1 Fruiting peduncle angled, hard, not corky, ± expanded at attachment to fruit; flowers not scented

2 Plant rather softly hairy; calyx-lobes ligulate but often expanded above; leaves shallowly lobed 2. mosehata

2 Plant harshly hispid-setose; calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate, not expanded above; leaves often deeply lobed 1. pepo

1. C. pepo L. View in CoL , Sp. Pl. 1010 (1753).

Stems up to c. 10 mm in diameter, hispid. Leaves 15-30 cm, broadly ovate in outline, cordate, variously lobed, hispid-setose; lobes acute. Peduncles of male and female flowers 5-angled, slightly expanded below the female flowers. Calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate; corolla 7-10 cm in diameter, deep yellow; lobes ovate, acute or acuminate. Fruit 15-40 cm in diameter, globose to cylindrical, green or yellow, smooth or tuberculate; seeds white. Widely cultivated as a vegetable (vegetable marrow) and for ornament in the southern half o f Europe. (N. Central America.)

2. C. mosehata Duchesne ex Poiret View in CoL , Dzcf. Sci. Nat. 11: 234 (1818).

Like 1 but leaves shallowly lobed or almost entire, softly hairy; peduncles of male flowers terete, of female flowers strongly expanded at top; calyx-lobes usually expanded and leaf-like at apex; fruit asymmetrical, curved, brown or reddish-yellow, with a musky odour. Cultivated as a vegetable in S. Europe. (Central America.)

3. C. maxima Duchesne View in CoL in Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. 2: 151 (1786).

Like 1 but leaves orbicular, not lobed, softly hairy; peduncles terete, not expanded below the female flowers; fruit variously shaped, often glaucous and very large (up to 100 kg.). Cultivated as a vegetable (pumpkin) in S. Europe. (Central America.)