Rubus spectabilis, Pursh Rubus idaeus, L.

6. R. spectabilis Pursh View in CoL , Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 348 (1814).

Stems 100-200 cm, erect, with numerous prickles. Leaves usually ternate; leaflets ovate, incise-serrate, thin, subglabrous beneath. Flowers 2-5 cm in diameter, usually solitary on lateral, leafy branches. Sepals triangular-ovate, pubescent; petals bright purple. Fruit large, orange, edible. Cultivated for ornament and sometimes more or less naturalized. [Br Ga Ge Ho.] (W. North America.)

7. R. idaeus L. View in CoL , Sp. Pl. 492 (1753) View Cited Treatment .

Suckering by adventitious buds from the roots; stems 100-150 cm, erect, terete, pruinose, often armed with numerous weak prickles. Leaves usually pinnate with 5-7 leaflets or ternate, glabrescent above, whitetomentose beneath; terminal leaflet ovate or oblong, sometimes slightly lobed, cordate, shortly acuminate; stipules filiform, ciliate. Infloresence of few-flowered, leafy, terminal and axillary racemes, the axis eglandular, with sparse acides; flowers c. 1 cm in diameter, nodding. Sepals lanceolate, tomentose; petals narrow, erect, glabrous, white; stamens white, erect. Fruit red or orange. 2w= 14. Most of Europe, but only on mountains in the south. All except Az BI Cr Fa Is Lu Sb Tu; introduced in Sa. Many variants, some unarmed or with simple leaves, are widely cultivated for their edible fruits (raspberry). R. loganobaccus L. H. Bailey , Gentes Herb. 1: 155 (1923) originated in 1881 in a Californian garden as a cross between R. idaeus subsp. strigosus (Michx) Focke and R. ursinus subsp. vitifolius Cham. & Schlecht. , and is widely cultivated for its fruit (logan­ berry); it has robust, long-arching stems, large pinnate leaves with 5 leaflets, somewhat patent petals, large, purplish-red fruits which adhere to the receptacle, and In = 42. R. illecebrosus Focke , Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen 16: 278 (1899), from Japan, with short, erect, more or less herbaceous stems, pinnate leaves, white petals and red, ellipsoid-globose fruits, is cultivated for its fruit and is reported as locally naturalized in N. Europe.

8. R. sachalinensis Léveillé View in CoL , Feddes Repert. 6: 352 (1909)

( R. idaeus subsp. sachalinensis (Léveillé) Focke ).

Like 7 but leaves all ternate; inflorescence-axis glandular, with abundant acides; fruit rather dry.velutinous. N.E. Russia. Rs (N, C). (Siberia.)

9. R. phoenicolasius Maxim. View in CoL , Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Pétersb. Y1: 160 (1872).

Stems 200-300 cm, erect, densely covered with reddish, glandular bristles and sparse, slender prickles. Leaves usually ternate; leaflets broadly ovate, coarsely biserrate, slightly hairy above, white-tomentose beneath. Inflorescence a short, terminal raceme; flowers c. 1 cm in diameter. Sepals large, enclosing the young fruit, lanceolate, glandular-hairy; petals curved inwards, pink. Fruit c. 2 cm, ovoid, red, sweet. Cultivated for ornament and for the edible fruit and occasionally naturalized. [Au Br Cz Ge He.] (E. Asia.)

Subgen. Rubus . Stemsbiennial, woody. Leaves ternate, digitate or pedate, with 5-7 leaflets. Flowershermaphrodite. Fruit black or red, more or less coherent and adherent to the convex receptacle.

Sect. Rubus . The only section in Europe. Most species occur in open woodland, scrub, hedgebanks and neglected meadows.

Subsect. Suberecti P. J. Mueller . Stems usually suberect, glabrous, often suckering from the base and rarely rooting apically, often angled; prickles subequal; stalked glands usually absent. Leaves usually more or less green beneath. Inflorescence usually a raceme or corymb. Sepals green externally, often with white margin; petals often hairy. Fruit black or reddish-black. Flowering early.

10. R. nessensis W. Hall View in CoL , Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 3: 21 (1794)

( R. suberectus G. Anderson ex Sm. ).

Stems up to 300 cm, erect, glaucous, with rather short, conical, often purplish-black prickles. Leaflets 5(-7), plane, shining, thin, glabrescent; terminal leaflet ovate, acuminate, cordate, evenly and simply serrate; basal leaflets subsessile; petiole slightly sulcate above. Inflorescence subracemose, unarmed or bearing weak, falcate prickles; flowers large. Petals white, sometimes red-flushed externally, glabrous; stamens exceeding styles. Fruit dark red. 2« = 28. Heaths, mountains and upland woods. Most of Europe except the Mediterranean region and the extreme north. Au Be Br Cz Da Ga Ge He Hb Ho Hu It Ju No Po Rm Rs (B, C, W) Su.