Phaseolus vulgaris

Phaseolus vulgaris View in CoL L. (1753: 723) [clade B; sect. Phaseoli DC emend. Freytag ]. TYPE: C Linnaeus s.n. (LECTOTYPE: LINN-899.1).

The type of the reference species of the section and of the genus is a plant cultivated at Uppsala, Sweden ( Verdcourt 1971). Ironically, the most common (Linnaeus was right in naming it vulgaris !) species of the genus has its wild ancestor disclosed quite late: Arturo Burkart in Salta, NW Argentina in 1941 ( Burkart 1941, 1952), and Felix Webster McBryde in W Guatemala in 1947, and not referring to each other’s finding! Keeping P.aborigineus Burkart as a separate species (as suggested in the List of Tropicos 2020) might result in hiding the biological link with the Andean cultivated form and its three races ( Singh et al. 1991). The double independent domestication of the wild form of common bean distributed from Chihuahua ( Nabhan 1985) down to Córdoba ( Drewes 2008) is now widely agreed upon ( Chacón-Sánchez et al. 2005; Kwak & Gepts 2009; Bitocchi et al. 2013). There would be enough evidence ( Tohme et al. 1996; Chacón-Sánchez et al. 2007; Ariani et al. 2017) to recognize five wild genetic pools: one W of Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Chihuahua down to Oaxaca), one including Chiapas, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador and NW Nicaragua, one including Costa Rica, one including the NE Andes of Colombia and W Andes of Venezuela, and one including the central and southeastern Andes of Peru (Huánuco down to Cuzco), eastern Andes of Bolivia (Cochabamba down to Tarija), and NW Andes of Argentina (Jujuy down to Córdoba; although Salinas Grandes might be another break). The significance of a formal treatment of botanical varieties, i.e., a var. mexicanus for the Mexican and Central American wild forms and a var. aborigineus for the Andean one ( Delgado-Salinas et al. 1988), is pending on what the wild forms from Venezuela will reveal ( Beebe & Debouck 2019), while the recognition of a var. vulgaris for all cultivated forms ( Baudet 1977) may blur their complex origins.The following specimens (different from the ones reported previously in Freytag & Debouck 2002 p. 38–39) are wild forms and give an indication about the range.

Specimens: MEXICO. Durango: DG Debouck 276 (COL-324695). Zacatecas: JM González-Correa 30 ( IBUG-29683 ). Nayarit: RS Ferris 5946 (DS-214469). Jalisco: JS Peñaflor-Cortés 9 ( IBUG-36127 ). Colima: HS Gentry 22189 (ARIZ-300349). México: A Delgado-S. 1006 ( CHAPA). Morelos: E Bourgeau 1375 ( FI). Puebla: R Torres-C. 7544 (RSA-537099). Michoacán: DG Debouck 439 (COL-324743). Guerrero: GB Hinton 11551 (POM-348560). Oaxaca: B Bartholomew 3033 (CAS-747013). Chiapas: E Cabrera 5930 (CAS-819944). GUATEMALA. Sacatepéquez: DG Debouck 1610 ( K). Santa Rosa: E Martínez-S.19230 (MEXU-526662). Jalapa: DG Debouck 2432 (COL-324875). HONDURAS. El Paraíso: JG Hawkes 2053 ( K). Morazán: A Molina R. 731 (F-1262709). EL SALVADOR. Sonsonate: DG Debouck 3226 ( LAGU). La Libertad: DG Debouck 3221 ( LAGU). NICARAGUA. Madríz: DG Debouck 3202 (O-V2147425). Estelí: DG Debouck 3216 (O-V2147423). COSTA RICA. Alajuela: DG Debouck 3133 ( CR-235446 ). Cartago: DG Debouck 3126 ( CR-247283 ). San José: CO Morales 621 (USJ-48426). VENEZUELA. Mérida: O Berglund 26667 ( SI). Lara: G Davidse 21172 ( NY). COLOMBIA. Cundinamarca: JO Toro-Chica 498 (COL-520043). PERU. Huánuco: JF Macbride 3947 ( G). Junín: R Ferreyra 14964 (USM-71284). Huancavelica: O Tovar 3910 ( US-2490506 ). Apurimac: C Ochoa 2420 ( MOL). Cuzco: OF Cook 1073 ( US-604244 ). BOLIVIA. Cochabamba: R Caballero-Pardo s.n. ( NY). Chuquisaca: DG Debouck 3007 (DAV-128327). Tarija: DG Debouck 3020 ( MO-5613149 ). ARGENTINA. Jujuy: O Ahumada 4173 ( SI). Salta: R Fortunato 3576 ( BAB). Tucumán: M Lillo 1626 (LIL-62049). Catamarca: DG Debouck 645 (COL-324753). San Luís: R Batallanez s.n. ( SI). Córdoba: T Stuckert 12831 ( SI) .