Phaseolus lunatus (DG Debouck, 2103)

Phaseolus lunatus View in CoL L. (1753: 724) [clade B; sect. Paniculati Freytag]. TYPE: E Westphal 8622 (NEOTYPE, here designated: BR-18325706; isoneotypes K n.v., P n.v.).

Given the absence of a type in LINN and of indication about one in the catalogue produced by Carl August von Bergen in 1744 (p. 99, and referred to by both Carl von Linné, 1753, p. 724 and Bernard Verdcourt, 1971, p. 615), Egbert Westphal (1974, p. 146) used the cultivar “Didessa Mosaic” that he collected in Ethiopia and raised in a glasshouse in Wageningen, Holland, to select a neotype (the specimens claimed to be deposited in K and P have not been seen during this study). A variety var. silvester of possible Mexican origin (Le Marchand 2499, BR-839814) has been named ( Baudet 1977).

It is perhaps the wild species of the genus with the widest range in (sub-)tropical America: from the Revillagigedo Islands off the Mexican Pacific coast, up to S Sonora and S Tamaulipas, through Central America, the Greater and Lesser Antilles down to the Chaco region of Argentina at 10–1900 m. The former distribution is that of the two lowland genepools ( Motta-Aldana et al. 2010), which may have come from the northern Andes ( Serrano-Serrano et al. 2010).

The Andean wild form is distinct ( Serrano-Serrano et al. 2010), with a possible subcenter in the Colombian Andes ( Chacón-Sánchez & MartÍnez-Castillo 2017). The distribution of the Andean wild form, on the western slope of the Andes at 400–2000 m, is from SW Ecuador to NW Peru (down to the Jequetepeque Valley). This form is P.rosei Piper mentioned in the “Vascular Plants of the Americas” ( Tropicos 2020) and can be considered as a synonym of P.lunatus ( Freytag & Debouck 2002, p. 103) . The following specimens are to indicate the extremes of ranges of the two wild forms.

Specimens: MEXICO. Revillagigedo Islands: FE Barkelew 211 ( UC-137615 ). Sonora: JF Wiens 94-053 (ARIZ-324638). Tamaulipas: E Martínez-Ojeda 345 (ARIZ-207605). Quintana Roo: F May 2075 (CICY-54083) . Chiapas: CP Cowan 5023 (CAS-834700). BELIZE. Orange Walk: C Whiteford 2675 ( BM). GUATEMALA. Quezaltenango: L Rodríguez 1621 ( P). HONDURAS. Francisco Morazán: JL Linares 2271 (MEXU-798503). EL SALVADOR. Ahuachapán: JM Rosales 2131 ( LAGU). NICARAGUA. Estelí: DG Debouck 3209 (O-V2147454). COSTA RICA. Guanacaste: M Grayum 11508 (INB-3746751). PANAMA. Panamá: C Guerra 539 (PMA-88343). CUBA. Villa Clara: JG Jack 6725 ( A). HAITI. Dept. du Nord: EC Leonard 8484 ( US-1149957 ).TRINIDAD-AND-TOBAGO. Trinidad: RE Baker 14822 ( K). COLOMBIA. Sucre: G Moreno 16 (COL-256468). VENEZUELA. Aragua: C Vogl 592 (DAV-59372). PERU. Cuzco: DG Debouck 2316 ( US-3168369 ). BOLIVIA. El Bení: E Werdermann 2349 ( MO-1000136 ). PARAGUAY. Alto Paraná (?): MS Bertoni 3649 ( G). ARGENTINA. Chaco: AG Schulz 17027 ( BAB). And for the Andean wild form: ECUADOR. Chimborazo: DG Debouck 2863 ( QCA). PERU. Cajamarca: A Sagasteguí 16062 ( HAO) .