Phaseolus augusti Harms (1921: 503)

Phaseolus augusti Harms (1921: 503) View in CoL [clade B; sect. Paniculati Freytag]. TYPE: A Weberbauer 6439 (HOLOTYPE: B n.v.; ISOTYPES: G, GH-64117 , MOL, US-1496218 ) .

The type was probably lost in Berlin during WWII; while the isotype at G consists only of fragments, the other three are complete blooming specimens. If there is any need (see Turland 2013, p. 64 and following), on the basis of the number of flowering racemes, the author wishes to indicate: “ Neotype designated here: A Weberbauer 6439 (GH-64117)”. Using this specimen and the specimen US-1058964 (= the type of Phaseolus bolivianus Piper ), the author fully endorses the synonymy of the latter with P. augusti proposed by James Zarucchi and Alfonso Delgado-Salinas (1993, p. 508). Incidentally, it is quite strange that Charles Vancouver Piper (1926) did not mention P.augusti (thus creating a need for P.bolivianus ) while he mentioned P.pachyrrhizoides (with one “r,” p. 700). The original population of P.bolivianus is probably gone by now due to the expanding city of Cochabamba; an alternative could be the population found NW of Quillacollo DG Debouck 3000 (DAV-167638, MO-5613159, NY) ( Freyre et al. 1996). Along recommendation 60C.2 of the Code ( McNeill et al. 2012, p. 134), the spelling of the current termination of the epithet can be used.

Phaseolus augusti View in CoL is a species well distributed in the Andes in alder seasonal forest at 1400–3200 m, related to the Andean form of wild P. lunatus View in CoL ( Delgado-Salinas et al. 2006; Serrano-Serrano et al. 2010), and thus included into the Paniculati where the Lima bean is the reference species ( Fig. 10 View FIG ).

Specimens: ECUADOR. Azuay: DG Debouck 2764 (QCA). Loja: L Ellemann 91733 (K). PERU. Piura: DG Debouck 2816 (COL-332611). Cajamarca: N Angulo 1609 (F-1746428). La Libertad: S Leiva 453 (HAO-3037). Huánuco: C Ochoa 1085 (MOL). Junín: DG Debouck 2146 (UC-1571124). Apurimac: C Vargas 8858 (CUZ-7418). Huancavelica: O Tovar 1919 (US-2490509). Cuzco: E Petersen 1535 (LIL-410643). Puno: J Soukup 726 (CUZ-7417). BOLIVIA. La Paz: SG Beck 8659 (BAB). Cochabamba: DG Debouck 2483 (UC-1716208). Norcinti: DG Debouck 2504 (LPB). Chuquisaca: DG Debouck 2490 (LPB). Tarija: JRI Wood 9539 (K). ARGENTINA. Jujuy: A Burkart 11591 (SI). Salta: DG Debouck 1774 (BAA). Tucumán: R Fortunato 3565 (BAB). Catamarca: M Cerana 318 (CORD).

Another species is often reported from the Central Andes and the author may report the following:

Phaseolus pachyrrhizoides Harms (1921: 504) View in CoL [clade B; sect. Paniculati Freytag]. TYPE: A Weberbauer 1769 (HOLOTYPE:

B n.v.).

The type was probably lost in the fire of B in 1943; it is survived as a black-and-white photograph with number 2440 (seen by the author at G and US). It was probably a unicate because the author has not seen any other specimen with that field collection number during this study. August Weberbauer (1945) mentioned this taxon only once (and without any number) from the surroundings of Huacapistana, JunÍn, while Francis McBride (1943) mentioned a few collections from JunÍn and Huánuco. Zarucchi and co-workers (1993) reported it to be present also in Ayacucho and Huancavelica. Material that matches well the description given by Hermann Harms, namely in raceme size and size and shape of primary bracts and bracteoles, is DG Debouck 2149 (BR, COL-236000, MICH, UC-1571119, US-3168424, USM n.v.) found not far from Huacapistana in JunÍn, Peru. The following specimens give indication about the range of this taxon (note it is within the range of P. augusti reported here and by Zarucchi et al. 1993).

Specimens : PERU. Amazonas: R Ferreyra 15552 (USM-26770). Cajamarca: DG Debouck 2011 ( MO-2828586 ). Huánuco: PG Smith s.n. (USM-26765). Junín: TB Croat 57694 (USM-56590). Apurimac: DG Debouck 2294 ( UC-1716200 ) .

While P.augusti View in CoL and P. pachyrrhizoides View in CoL share the same pollen type ( Maréchal et al. 1978a), differences between populations of both taxa revealed by biochemical ( Maquet et al. 1999) and molecular studies ( Caicedo et al. 1999; Delgado-Salinas et al. 1999; Fofana et al. 1999) seem to be of the same magnitude as those between gene pools within wild Lima or common bean. Having studied in the field 36 populations of P.augusti View in CoL and 24 of P. pachyrrhizoides View in CoL , respectively, and in herbaria 112 and 40 specimens, respectively, the following synonymy can be proposed:

Phaseolus pachyrrhizoides Harms View in CoL , based on A Weberbauer 1769 (B, as holotype,lost;photographed by Chicago Natural History Museum , formerly Field Museum of Natural History ,through the Rockefeller Foundation Fund for Photographing Type Specimens , Types of the Berlin Herbarium, b/w photograph nr. 2440, in G and US),and originally published in:Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin-Dahlem 7:504.1921.

= Phaseolus augusti Harms , based on A Weberbauer 6439 ( GH-64117 ) as isotype (see above), and originally published in: Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin-Dahlem 7:503.1921.

Phaseolus campanulatus Freytag & Debouck (2002: 224) View in CoL [clade A; sect. Brevilegumeni Freytag]. TYPE: R McVaugh 16341 (HOLOTYPE: MICH-1210016 ) .

This species known by only a few collections from western Mexico is close to P. oligospermus View in CoL , but with differences such as leaf shape and number of seeds (five) per pod ( Lépiz-Ildefonso & RamÍrez-Delgadillo 2010). It grows in mixed broadleaf oak forest at 1300–1400 m.

Specimens: MEXICO. Jalisco: JA Solís-Magallanes 1961 (MEXU-330005). Nayarit: O Téllez-Valdés 9346 (IBUG-169372).