Anatolichthys Kosswig & Sözer, 1945

Anatolichthys Kosswig & Sözer, 1945

Figs. 2–3 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3

Type species. Anatolichthys splendens Kosswig & Sözer 1945 .

Anatolichthys transgrediens is the type species of Turkichthys Ermin, 1946 , which is a synonym of Anatolichthys ( Wildekamp 1993).

Diagnosis. Anatolichthys is distinguished from Kosswigichthys by possessing a single (vs. three) row of tricuspid (vs. conical) teeth and presence (vs. absence) of black or dark-brown bars in the caudal fin of the male. It is distinguished from the remaining genera in the family Aphaniidae by a combination of characters, none unique to the genus. Head canals absent (vs. present in Aphanius and Aphaniops ); a dermal sheath at the anal-fin base in nuptial female present (vs. absent in Aphaniops ); pelvic fin present (vs. absent in Tellia ); black or dark-brown bars in the caudal fin of male present (vs. absent in Paraphanius); flank pattern in male comprising a series of black or brown bars (vs. small whitish or blue vertically-arranged spots or very narrow bars in Paraphanius); a bold, black spot at centre of the caudal-fin base in female present (vs. absent in Paraphanius); dorsal- and anal-fin margins black in male (vs. without black margins in Aphaniops , except A. sirhani , yellow in Tellia , only dorsal-fin margin black in Aphanius ).

Included species. Anatolichthys anatoliae , A. danfordii , A. fontinalis , A. iconii , A. irregularis , A. maeandricus , A. marassantensis , A. meridionalis , A. saldae , A. splendens , A. sureyanus , A. transgrediens , A. villwocki .

Distribution. Anatolichthys is widely distributed in inland waters of central and southwestern Anatolia as well as the southern Black Sea basin, where it is found in the Sakarya, Kızılırmak and Yeşilırmak River drainages ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 , Yoğurtçuoğlu & Ekmekçi 2017). Southern records from the Levant are discussed below.

Remarks. Anatolichthys splendens , only known from Lake Gölcük, has not been found since the 1980s and is obviously extinct, following the stocking of the lake with alien fish species.

Our unpublished COI data agree with Hrbek et al. (2002) in the placement of Anatolichthys close to Kosswigichthys , and the sister-genus relationship of Aphanius to these genera. With 13 member species, Anatolichthys is the richest genus in the family Aphaniidae , and there is significant diversity in body shape plus colour and scale patterns. In particular, the absence or reduction of scales in pelagic lacustrine species ( A. transgrediens , A. saldae , A. splendens , and A. sureyanus ) has been studied extensively ( Ermin 1946, Grimm 1980, Villwock 1963), and they had been separated from Aphanius in the genera Anatolichthys and Turkichthys by earlier authors ( Kosswig & Sözer 1945, Ermin 1946). Hrbek et al. (2002) found these pelagic species Anatolichthys and Turkichthys to be nested within a group of species previously identified as Aphanius anatoliae and A. danfordii .

The most atypical Anatolichthys species is A. villwocki , which lacks the bold, black caudal-fin bars present in all congeners. This character state is shared with Esmaeilius sophiae , but Anatolichthys villwocki is clearly distinguished from all Esmaeilius species except E. isfahanensis by possessing a black (vs. white) dorsal-fin margin. Geiger et al. (2014) placed A. villwocki between A. danfordii , A. marassantensis and the other Anatolichthys species, whereas Hrbek et al. (2002) considered it as sister to A. meridionalis . The results of these studies suggest that the relatively high number of flank bars and the presence of rows of spots on the caudal-fin represent an apomorphic condition in A. villwocki , since it is not shared with A. danfordii , A. marassantensis or A. meridionalis . Due to its phylogenetic position within Anatolichthys , A. villwocki is not recognised as a distinct genus despite its higher number of flank bars and caudal-fin colour pattern.

Pellegrin (1911, 1923) published records of Cyprinodon sophiae from the region of Damascus in Syria, and Bodenheimer (1935) and Tortonese (1938) found similar fishes elsewhere in Syria and Jordan. Krupp (1985) and JF searched for these fishes at some of these locations in the Barada River in Syria, and Suwaima in Jordan, but were unable to find them. Figures by Krupp (1985), depicting individuals collected in the 19 th century from Damascus, suggest that they belong to Anatolichthys due to the presence of two black caudal-fin bars and a black dorsal fin with hyaline base in the male. It is clearly not a species of Esmaeilius , which is found in the adjacent lower Tigris. Krupp (1985) discussed whether this species might represent an introduced population of A. marassantensis but subsequently rejected this hypothesis.

Material examined.

Anatolichthys anatoliae : FSJF 2483 , 15, 19–36 mm SL; IUSHM 2017-1280 , 48, 10–30 mm SL; Turkey: Aksaray prov.: spring in Köşk Park within Sultanhanı, 38.2414 33.5458. GoogleMaps — FSJF 2485 , 38, 25–45 mm SL; GoogleMaps IUSHM 2017-1282 , 30, 21–40 mm SL; Turkey: Konya prov.: Meyil Lake , about 3 km southwest of Esentepe, 37.9861 33.3514. GoogleMaps — FSJF 2527 , 9, 21–30 mm SL; IUSHM 2017-1283 , 25, 16–31 mm SL; Turkey: Konya prov.: stream north of Sarıyayla, draining to former Lake Samsam , 39.1189 32.7592. GoogleMaps — FSJF 2610 , 4, 21–38 mm SL; GoogleMaps IUSHM 2017-1279 , 21, 12–46 mm SL; Turkey: Konya prov.: stream at Gölyazı at road from Eskil to Cihanbeyli , 38.5526 33.2009. GoogleMaps — FSJF 2514 , 10, 16–26 mm SL; Turkey: Aksaray prov.: spring area at eastern shore of former Lake Büget in Esmekaya north of the first mosque, 38.2655 33.4427. GoogleMaps — ZMH 3489 , 10, 27–37 mm SL; Turkey: Niğde prov.: Niğde. — ZMH 3495 , 28, 28–39 mm SL; Turkey: Konya prov.: stream 20 km north of Çumra . — ZMH 3490 , 10, 34–45 mm SL, Turkey: Aksaray prov.: Aksaray.

Anatolichthys danfordii : FSJF 2601 , 16, 23–42 mm SL; IUSHM 2017-1276 , 30, 16–45 mm SL; Turkey: Kayseri prov.: spring Soysallı west of Soysallı, west of Develi, 38.3902 35.3656. GoogleMaps — ZMH 3473 , 1, 29 mm SL; GoogleMaps ZMH 3474 , 1, 32 mm SL; GoogleMaps ZMH 3475 , 8, 19–27 mm SL; Turkey: Kayseri prov.: Çayırözü, about 15 km northwest of Develi , 38.4172 35.2894. GoogleMaps — ZMH 3476 , 21, 19–36 mm SL; Turkey: Kayseri prov.: Soysallı , 38.2014 35.3631. GoogleMaps FSJF 2508 , 2, 26–45 mm SL; Turkey: Kayseri prov.: Canal north of Senir at road to Sultansazlığı National Park , 38.2013 35.2525. GoogleMaps — ZMH 3477 , 33, 19–43 mm SL; ZMH 3478 ; 1, 40.1 mm SL; ZMH 3479 , 1, 46 mm SL; Turkey: Kayseri prov.: Develi, Ilipınar .

Anatolichthys fontinalis : FSJF 3456 , 20, 22–38 mm SL; Turkey: Burdur prov.: spring in Lake Yarışlı basin, 37.5806 29.9472. GoogleMaps — FSJF 3690 , 23, 14–36 mm SL; Turkey: Burdur prov.: spring Karaevli , 2 km southeast of Burdur, 37.5797 30.4007. GoogleMaps

Anatolichthys iconii : FSJF 2325 , 16, 25–32 mm SL; GoogleMaps IUSHM 2017-1273 , 10, 23–28 mm SL; Turkey: Isparta prov.: spring Karaot at shore of Lake Eğirdir , about 4 km north of Yenice village, 38.1349 30.9074. GoogleMaps — FSJF 2476 , 6, 28–39 mm SL; IUSHM 2017-1274 , 13, 26–34 mm SL; Turkey: Isparta prov.: lower stream Çayköy at Koysazı bridge, southeast of Eğirdir , 37.8415 30.8916. GoogleMaps — FSJF 2271 , 16, 18–35 mm SL; GoogleMaps IUSHM 2017-1281 , 7, 19–32 mm SL; Turkey: Konya prov.: spring Eflatun Pınarı at Sadıkhacı, 37.8251 31.6743. GoogleMaps

Anatolichthys irregularis . FFR 08653 , 1, 35 mm SL; GoogleMaps FFR 08654 , 14, 22– 42 mm SL; GoogleMaps FSJF 3460 , 3, 29–31 mm SL; GoogleMaps FSJF 3461 , 10, 25–30 mm SL; Turkey: Denizli prov.: spring Kaklık , 37.8560 29.3852. GoogleMaps

Anatolichthys maeandricus : FSJF 1876 , 37, 16–40 mm SL; FSJF 3027 , 9, 27–40 mm SL; FSJF 3639 , 39, 18–35 mm SL; IUSHM 2017-1278 , 9, 28–41 mm SL; Turkey: Denizli prov.: Işıklı spring at Işıklı, 38.3214 29.8511. GoogleMaps — FSJF 2470 , 5, 26–38 mm SL; IUSHM 2017-1277 , 3, 25–27 mm SL; Turkey: Afyonkarahisar prov.: spring Düden, 5 km east of Dinar , 38.0519 30.1756. GoogleMaps

Anatolichthys marassantensis : FSJF 3455 , 29, 28–43 mm SL; Turkey: Ankara prov.: Hirfanlı Reservoir , 39.1525 33.6367. GoogleMaps — FSJF 3733 , 20, 18–35 mm SL; Turkey: Ankara prov.: Hirfanlı Reservoir at Geçitli, 39.1559 33.6327. GoogleMaps — FSJF 3634 , 66, 23–43 mm SL; Turkey: Kayseri prov.: Kapuzatan close to Kayseri, 38.7749 35.2083. GoogleMaps — ZMH 3480 , 86, 19–55 mm SL; GoogleMaps ZMH 3484 , 1, 33 mm SL; GoogleMaps ZMH 3485 , 1, 40 mm SL; Turkey: Kayseri prov.: Kayseri, Karpuzatan , 38.7736 35.4531. GoogleMaps — ZMH 3482 , 20, 17–35 mm SL; Turkey: Samsun prov.: Lake Balık about 12 km east of Bafra , 41.5792 36.0833. GoogleMaps — ZMH 3481 , 33, 18–28 mm SL; ZMH 26068 , 18, 23–35 mm SL; Turkey: Kırşehir prov.: springs in Kırşehir.

Anatolichthys meridionalis : FSJF 2460 , 7, 21–36 mm SL; GoogleMaps IUSHM 2017-1275 , 22, 20–39 mm SL; Turkey: Antalya prov.: small field canal south of Kırkpınar, north of Kızılcadağ , 37.1392 29.9181. GoogleMaps — FSJF 3669 , 3, 27–29 mm SL; Turkey: Burdur prov.: reservoir south of Yeşilova, 37.4908 29.7433. GoogleMaps — FSJF 3465 , 14, 26–29 mm SL; Turkey: Antalya prov.: spring Kocapınar, 2 km northwest of Mursal , 36.6907 29.8023. GoogleMaps — ZMH 3502 , 17, 23–39 mm SL; Turkey: Lake Gölhisar .

Anatolichthys saldae : ZMH 3507 , 40, 32–38 mm SL; Turkey: Burdur prov.: Lake Salda , 37.5296 29.6567. GoogleMaps

Anatolichthys splendens : ZMH 3505 , lectotype, 31 mm SL; ZMH 3506 , 1, 38 mm SL; Turkey: Isparta prov.: Lake Gölcük .

Anatolichthys sureyanus : ZMH 7850 , 40, 16–34 mm SL; Turkey: Burdur prov.: shore of Lake Burdur at road from Burdur to Yeşilova.

Anatolichthys transgrediens : ZMH 3509 , 52, 23–33 mm SL; Turkey: Afyonkarahisar prov.: spring Akpınar at the south shore of Lake Acıgöl , 37.8172 29.9263. GoogleMaps

Anatolichthys villwocki : FSJF 2626 , 4, 31–55 mm SL; GoogleMaps IUSHM 2017-1285 , 6, 24–48 mm SL; GoogleMaps FSJF 3501 , 17, 29–41 mm SL; Turkey: Afyonkarahisar prov.: spring about 11 km east of Emirdağ, 39.0481 31.3272. GoogleMaps — FSJF 3091 , 12, 20–35 mm SL; Turkey: Konya prov.: Lake Ilgın , 38.3208 31.8903. GoogleMaps — FSJF 3741 , 12, 20–35 mm SL; Turkey: Eskişehir prov.: spring Başkurt 20 km southeast of Çifteler , 39.2660 31.1463. GoogleMaps