Plukenetia verrucosa, Sm.

17. PLUKENETIA VERRUCOSA Sm. View in CoL , Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal., ser. 2, 6: 4. 1799.

TYPE: SURINAME. Linn. Collection of Surinam plants, No. 146 ( holotype: LINN-HS [accession 1489.2 ; image!] ).

Plukenetia volubilis L.f., Suppl. Pl. 421. 1781 publ. April 1782, nom. illeg. TYPE: SURINAME. Herb. Alstroemeri 1848, C.G. Dahlberg s.n. ( holotype: S [accession S09–18958; image!]).

Plukenetia integrifolia Vahl, Eclog. Amer. View in CoL 3: 43. 1807. TYPE: GUYANA. Demerari, J.P.B. von Rohr 86 ( holotype: C [barcode C 10011347; image!]).

Notes —See Gillespie (1993) for species discussion and Gillespie and Armbruster (1997) for species description. Molecular phylogenetic analyses confirmed the previous hypothesis ( Gillespie 1993) that the 3-veined cordiform leaves of P. verrucosa are a derived condition within the pinnately veined clade (subclades P1 + P2) ( Fig. 1 View FIG ; Cardinal-McTeague et al. 2019a).

Taxonomic Discussion —Linnaeus f. (1781 publ. 1782) was the first to suggest there was a second species of Plukenetia from the Neotropics when he described the morphology of a new collection of P. volubilis from Suriname. However, there was no indication that Linnaeus f. meant for this to be a new species and it appears that he was expanding the concept of P. volubilis with the morphological variation found in Suriname ( Dalberg s.n. S). Regardless, if we treat P. volubilis L.f. as a new species, it would be a homonym of P. volubilis L. and therefore illegitimate. As such, Smith (1799) was the first to provide a legitimate name, P. verrucosa Sm. , for the new species from Suriname. Smith (1799) recognized that the description of P. volubilis in Linnaeus f.’s Supplementum Plantarum (1781 publ. 1782) was associated with P. verrucosa , but by convention, type status would be conferred to the specimen listed in Smith’ s herbarium ( Linn. collection of Surinam plants No. 146 LINN-HS).