Fragariopsis warmingii Müll.Arg.

Fragariopsis warmingii Müll.Arg. View in CoL in Martius (ed.), Fl. Bras. 11 (2): 338. 1874. Plukenetia warmingii (Müll.Arg.) Pax in Engler & Prantl (eds.), Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3 (5): 67. 1890. TYPE: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Lagoa Santa, E. Warming s.n. (holotype: P! [barcode P00072055]; isotype: F! [fragment]; probable isotype: F!).

Notes —See Gillespie (1993) for species discussion.

Taxonomic Discussion — Plukenetia serrata was first described as Vigia serrata ( Vellozo 1831) but was widely known as Fragariopsis scandens ( Saint-Hilaire 1840) until the priority of Vellozo’ s name was identified by Gillespie (1993). In the same publication, Saint-Hilaire (1840) described Accia scandens , which is likely a superfluous name for F. scandens based on the same syntypes. The description of Fragariopsis only includes the staminate flowers, whereas Accia is only of the pistillate flowers, however both descriptions are indicative of P. serrata . Botryanthe was independently described by Klotzsch (1841) and was synonymized along with Accia under Fragariopsis by Baillon (1858). Two additional species, F. polyandrus ( Baillon 1858) and F. warmingii ( Müller 1874) , were described, but both are treated as synonyms of P. serrata ( Gillespie 1993) . However, phylogenetic data indicates there is substantial nucleotide variation within P. serrata ( Cardinal-McTeague et al. 2019a), suggesting its species boundaries should be reassessed with better taxon sampling across its morphological and geographical ranges.

Saint-Hilaire (1840) did not cite a collection number in his original species description of Fragariopsis scandens , but two of his collections, each with a duplicate, are housed at P. All four sheets have sufficient vegetative and floral material to identify the species; however, to clarify the type status we designate the best sheet (A. de Saint-Hilaire 95; P00072051) as lectotype. Remaining syntype: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, 1816–1821, A. de Saint-Hilaire D 72 (P! [barcodes P00072053, P00072054]) .

Fragariopsis polyandrus View in CoL has a complicated type history. Baillon (1858) did not cite any types for F. polyandrus View in CoL but indicated its species illustrations in Tab. XIII were based on material from “Herb. Houllet” (Atlas, p. 26). Baillon (1865) later cited a single specimen with F. scandens var. polyandrus View in CoL , “ Guillemin et Houllet (herb.), cat., n. 798”, which matches J.B.A. Guillemin cat. n. 798 specimens housed at P and G-DC. To complicate matters, another collection of Fragariopsis scandens View in CoL was found at Paris, J.-B. Houllet cat. n. 798. Notably, the Houllet collection includes the locality information cited by Baillon (1865), which is missing from the J.B.A. Guillemin cat. n. 798 sheets at P and G-DC. Guillemin and Houllet were collecting partners in Brazil and many of Guillemin’ s collections appear to have been brought to Paris by Houllet, who later worked as the Jardinier en chef des Serres. Since the Guillemin and Houllet collections are of the same species, share the same catalogue number, and are associated together by Baillon (1865), we consider them the same collection. We designate a lectotype for F. polyandrus View in CoL based on the P specimen with the most abundant pistillate flowers (note that all of these specimens have dropped and lost their staminate flowers, and that the staminate flowers in the packets of the G-DC sheet appear to belong to the other collection of F. scandens View in CoL sharing the sheet).

III. PLUKENETIA View in CoL sect. HEDRAIOSTYLUS (Hassk.) Müll.Arg., D.C. Prod. View in CoL 15 (2): 772. 1866. Hedraiostylus Hassk., Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. View in CoL 10: 141. 1843. Sajorium sect. Hedraiostylus (Hassk.) Baill., Étude Euphorb. 483. 1858. TYPE: Hedraiostylus glaberrimus Hassk. View in CoL [5 Plukenetia corniculata Sm. View in CoL ]