Plukenetia, Cardinal-McTeague & Gillespie, 2020

KEY TO THE SPECIES Of PLUKENETIA SECT. PENNINERVIAE

1. Leaf venation palmate, primary veins 3, base subcordate to truncate; stipels 2, present adaxially at petiole apex; stylar column globose, subglobose, or

obovoid.......................................................................................................... 17. P. verrucosa View in CoL

1. Leaf venation pinnate, primary vein 1, base rounded to attenuate; stipels absent adaxially at petiole apex; stylar column slender-cylindrical, stout-

cylindrical, depressed-subglobose, globose, or oblong-obovoid....................................................................... 2

2. Adaxial basilaminar extrafloral nectaries 1 pair; stylar columns depressed-subglobose, globose, or oblong-obovoid....................... 3

3. Stylar columns globose; stamens: 30–50 sessile anthers; staminate nectaries absent.................................. 9. P. brachybotrya View in CoL

3. Stylar columns depressed-subglobose or oblong-obovoid; stamens: 16–30 sessile anthers, sometimes;3 basal-most stamens on short filaments; staminate nectaries an annular ring with an uneven or undulate upper surface, sometimes 3-segmented or absent.................... 4

4. Stylar columns depressed-subglobose, 0.3–1 mm long; staminate sepals 3, often recurved at anthesis; stamens 16–20 usually sessile anthers, sometimes;3 basal-most stamens with short filaments; petioles generally of uniform thickness and colour; fruit carpels usually unornamented, sometimes with a short tubercle.................................................................. 10. P. brevistyla

4. Stylar columns oblong-obovoid, 2.6–4.4 mm long; staminate sepals 3–4, incurved to spreading at anthesis; stamens 20–30 sessile anthers; petioles with thickened, often purplish pulvinus-like regions at base and apex; fruit carpels usually with a short tubercle, sometimes unornamented.......................................................................................... 13. P. megastyla

2. Adaxial basilaminar extrafloral nectaries 1–5 pairs; stylar columns slender-cylindrical, stout-cylindrical, or obovoid-cylindrical............. 5

5. Stylar columns slender-cylindrical, 2.5–4.8 mm long; stamens of one type: 15–25 sessile anthers on a globose receptacle; staminate nectaries absent..................................................................................................... 12. P. loretensis View in CoL

5. Stylar columns stout- or obovoid-cylindrical, 0.9–2(3) mm long; stamens of two types: 6–15 sessile anthers on a globose receptacle and an outer whorl of 3–4 stamens with filaments; staminate nectaries annular, 3–6–lobed or absent............................................ 6

6. Adaxial basilaminar extrafloral nectaries 3–5 pairs; young shoots and petioles densely hirsute; leaf blades hirsute abaxially........................................................................................................... 14. P. multiglandulosa View in CoL

6. Adaxial basilaminar extrafloral nectaries 1–2(3) pairs; young shoots and petioles puberulent; leaf blades glabrous to sparsely puberulous abaxially........................................................................................................... 7

7. Scattered laminar extrafloral nectaries numerous, present on both leaf surfaces; leaf blades chartaceous, margins minutely serrulate, appearing undulate, never distinctly glandular; inflorescences 2–8 cm long.............................. 16. P. supraglandulosa View in CoL

7. Scattered laminar extrafloral nectaries absent or 1–8 near margin on abaxial leaf surface; leaf blades thick-chartaceous to coriaceous, margins distinctly serrulate, often distinctly glandular ( P. penninervia View in CoL ); inflorescences 0.5–3 cm long (to 6 cm long in late staminate stage of P. chocoensis )................................................................................................. 8

8. Adaxial basilaminar extrafloral nectaries narrowly oblong-elliptic, base short attenuate and clasping; abaxial laminar extrafloral nectaries 1–8 near the margin; staminate stage inflorescences 1.5–6 cm long; leaf blades drying olive-green with darker orange-brown abaxial venation........................................................................... 11. P. chocoensis

8. Adaxial basilaminar extrafloral nectaries small and circular, base obtuse or rounded and non-clasping; abaxial laminar extrafloral nectaries usually absent; staminate stage inflorescences 1–2 cm long; leaf blades drying grey-green with pale-cream or straw-coloured abaxial venation........................................................................ 15. P. penninervia View in CoL