Petalolyma hyalina ( Kuwayama, 1910 )

Petalolyma hyalina ( Kuwayama, 1910) View in CoL , nomen dubium

Trichochermes hyalina Kuwayama, 1910: 55 View in CoL .

Petalolyma hyalina, Yang and Li (1984): 130 View in CoL , 137.

Comments: Kuwayama (1910) described Trichochermes hyalina based on two males from “ Formosa ”. No further specimens of this species have been reported in the literature. Yang and Li (1984) transferred the species to Petalolyma but it is not clear on what evidence this decision was based.

The original description is not diagnostic and the examination of the types is therefore indispensable to uncover the identity of the species. According to H. Inoue (pers. comm.), the two type specimens are missing from Kuwayama’s collection (SEHU) since 2012, making Petalolyma hyalina a nomen dubium.

Petalolyma lii Liao & Burckhardt , nomen nov. ( Figs. 1B, G, H View Fig , 2B, D, F, H, N, K View Fig ) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5F01DB62-1BFF-4D09-9ECD-A16730C90B74

Torulus sinicus Li, 1991: 37 View in CoL , 41.

Petalolyma sinica (Li, 1991) View in CoL , comb. nov. = junior secondary homonym of Petalolyma sinica Yang & Li, 1984: 131 View in CoL , 138.

Material examined: Taiwan: 1 ò, Nantou, Meifeng, 24°03'43.8"N, 121°9'55.8"E, 1972 m, 13- II-2012, swept from Eriobotrya deflexa (Y. C. Liao) ( NCHU, dry); 1 ò, same but Mt. Beidongyen, 24°04'25.8"N, 121°07'37.2"E, 2095 m, 25-I-2017 (Y. C. Liao & C. Y. Chien) ( NCHU).

Description: Male. Colouration ( Fig. 1B, G, H View Fig ). Body and head greenish brown. Antenna yellow with apex of segment 8 and totality segments 9 and 10 black. Thorax yellowish brown. Mesopraescutum with two black longitudinal stripes. Mesoscutum with five black longitudinal stripes, the median one shortest. Pro- and mesotibia yellow. Forewing hyaline, with a dark brown patch at the apex of cell c+sc, and on cells m 2 and cu 1. Hindwing hyaline. Abdomen dark brown dorsally and light yellow ventrally.

Structure: Member of the lii species group. Body ( Figs. 1G, H View Fig ) length 5.3 mm. Vertex 1.4–1.5 times as wide as long; genal process ( Fig. 2B View Fig ) 1.0 times as long as vertex along midline, bearing long hairs. Antenna slender, 1.8 times as long as head width, sparsely covered with long setae ( Fig. 2D View Fig ); relative length of flagellar segments as 1.0: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.3: 0.2: 0.2. Thorax covered with long setae. Legs ( Fig. 2F View Fig ) robust; metatibia 0.9 times as long as head width; metacoxa bearing blunt meracanthus. Forewing ( Fig. 1B View Fig ) oval, 2.6 times as long as wide, 5.2–5.6 times as long as head width, widest in the middle, broadly, irregularly rounded apically; veins sparsely covered with long setae; relative length of veins M 1+2, M 3+4, Cu and Cu 1b as 5.2: 1.6: 7.4: 1.8. Male proctiger ( Fig. 2H View Fig ) robust, concave anteriorly, strongly bulging posteriorly; subgenital plate ( Fig. 2H View Fig ) subglobular; paramere ( Fig. 2K View Fig ), in lateral view, lamellar and thick, shorter than proctiger, truncate apically, incised anteriorly and subapically; distal segment of aedeagus ( Fig. 2N View Fig ) slender, weakly inflated and curved in apical two fifths.

Measurements in mm (2 ò): Head width 0.83– 0.89; antennal length 1.48–1.65; metatibia length 0.75– 0.83; male proctiger length 0.43; paramere length 0.85; length of distal aedeagal segment 0.46.

Female described by Li (1991); Li (2011).

Fifth instar immature: Unknown.

Distribution: China (Fujian) ( Li 2011), Taiwan (Nantou) (new record).

Host plant: Unknown. The single female from China was collected on Vernicia fordii (Hemsl.) Airy-Shaw ( Euphorbiaceae ) ( Li 2011) and one male from Taiwan on Eriobotrya deflexa (Hemsl.) Nakai ( Rosaceae ). Both are unlikely hosts.

Comments: The dark forewing pattern of the female appears slightly more expanded, judging from the original description ( Li 2011). We consider these differences intraspecific variation also observed in other Petalolyma species ( Mathur 1975; Yang and Li 1984; Li 2011).