Lycianthes cearaensis, Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine

2. LYCIANTHES CEARAENSIS Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine View in CoL Bremen 24: 346. 1919. TYPE: BRAZIL. Ceara: Serra de Maranguape, 600 m, Oct 1910, E. Ule 9103 (holotype B† [probably destroyed], F photo 2564!; lectotype: NY barcode NY00138709 [image!]; isolectotypes: K barcode K000585757 [image!], L 602560 barcode L0003587 [image!], US 16153675 barcode US 00027870 [image!]. Lectotype designated by Costa-Silva and Agra (2018a).

Scandent shrubs, 2.0–5.0 m tall. Stems and branches terete, brown, striate to rugose, stellate-puberulous, yellowish to ferruginous, trichomes stellate, stalked or sessile, with 3–6 lateral rays. Leaves difoliate, geminate on the terminal branches; petiole 0.5–1.5 cm long, slightly grooved, tomentose, yellowish to ferruginous, trichomes stellate, similar to the branches; lamina chartaceous, 6.0–10 3 2.5–6.5 cm, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, apex acute to acuminate, base cuneate and somewhat oblique, margin sinuate, adaxial surface shiny, glabrescent, with stellate trichomes on the midrib, abaxial surface subtomentose, trichomes stellate, short-stalked. Inflorescence 1–2-flowered. Pedicels pendulous, 0.5–1.0 cm long, terete, stellate-tomentose, yellowish to ferruginous, the trichomes stellate-stalked. Calyx cupuliform-campanulate, 3.5–5.0 3 5.0–6.0 mm, appendages 10, emerging 1.2–1.3 mm below at the calyx rim, unequal, linear, recurved at the apex, in two series: the larger 1.5–2.0 mm, the smaller 1.0– 1.5 mm long, stellate-puberulent, trichomes similar to those of the pedicel. Corolla rotate, white, 1.0–2.0 cm diam, lobes lanceolate-elliptic, 0.6–1.0 3 0.2–0.4 cm, interpetalar tissue 0.3–0.5 cm wide. Stamens unequal (1 1 4), one filament longer, 5.6–6.0 mm long, 4 filaments shorter, 1.5–2.0 mm long, anthers yellow, attenuate from the base to the apex, 5.7–6.0 mm long, sub-sagittate at the base, 1.5–2.0 mm wide. Ovary ovoid, 2.0–2.5 3 1.4–1.6 mm; style 1.4–1.8 cm long, straight, stigma oblong-clavate, 1.0– 1.2 mm long, minutely papillose. Fruit globose, pendulous, 1.0–2.0 cm in diameter, red when ripe, drying brownish, the epicarp leathery, the calyx appendages slightly recurved at the apex, unequal, 2-seriate, 3.0–6.0 mm long, stellate-puberulent. Seeds up to 20, subreniform, compressed, 2.6–2.8 mm diam, reticulate, beige to ferruginous. Figures 7 View FIG , 8 View FIG .

Distribution, Habitat, and Phenology — Lycianthes cearaensis is endemic to Brazil in the Atlantic Forest region north of the S ~ ao Francisco River; it prefers well-preserved environments with high levels of humidity, at elevations from 300 to 800 m. The species can be found in ombrophilous forests and in forests growing on semiarid highlands and plateaus, locally called Brejos de Altitude that have milder temperatures and higher humidity, in the states of Ceara, Paraıba, Pernambuco, and Alagoas ( Fig. 10 View FIG ). Flower and fruits were observed from July to April.

Notes —The species Lycianthes cearaensis was proposed by Bitter (1919) based on the collection Ule 9103 from Serra de Maranguape in Ceara State, Brazil. It can be recognized by its habit as a scandent shrub, with a tomentose indument of stellate trichomes, elliptic or oblong-elliptic leaves, calyces with 10 oblong-obovate and unequal appendages, white corollas, and unequal stamens.

Lycianthes cearaensis View in CoL shows morphological affinities with L. pauciflora View in CoL , and they were included by Bitter (1919) in Lycianthes series Oligochondrae Bitter. Lycianthes cearaensis View in CoL was later considered a synonym of L. pauciflora View in CoL by Stehmann et al. (2013). The collections of L. cearaensis View in CoL and L. pauciflora View in CoL in Brazilian herbaria are mostly mixed and misidentified, although more detailed analyses can easily distinguish them. Lycianthes cearaensis View in CoL can be distinguished from L. pauciflora View in CoL by its denser tomentose indument, fruiting calyx cupuliform with curved appendages, and ovary ovoid, while L. pauciflora View in CoL has a more sparse pubescence, patelliform fruiting calyx with reflexed appendages, and globose ovary.

Representative Specimens Examined — Brazil. — ALAGOAS: Ibateguara, 11 Dec 2001, Oliveira 700 (UFP); same locality, 18 Mar 2009, Oliveira 852 (PEUFR, UFP); Mun. Murici, 16 Mar 2002, Carvalho 7097 (NY); same locality, 18 Nov 2003, Falc~ ao 70 (UFP); Pedra Talhada, 05 Dec 1994, Cervil et al. 7264 (G); same locality, Quebrangulo, ReBio da Pedra Talhada, 24 Jan 2012, Sampaio 53 (UFP, JPB), Amorim 1394 (NY, UFP); 04 Sep 2012, Sampaio 94 (UFP); 09 Dec 2014, Nusbaumer 4546 (UFP). — CEARÁ: Guaramiranga, 08 Jan 1994, Oliveira s.n. (EAC); s.d., Oliveira e Moura 372 (JPB); Maranguape, Trilha da Pirapora, 27 Sep 2014, Sampaio 107 (EAC); Pacatuba, Sıtio Boqueir ~ ao, Serra da Aratanha, 25 Mar 2000, Souza View in CoL 415 (EAC); Serra de Maranguape, 22 Jan 955, Andrade-Lima 2315 (IPA); 06 Jan 1992, Felix 4669 (EAN). Paraıba: Areia, Mata do Pau-ferro, 28 Nov 1980, Dornelas 130 (EAN); idem, 07 Mar 2012, Sampaio 67 (JPB, UFP); 17 Oct 1988, Felix 1410 (EAN); idem, 13 Apr 2005, Agra View in CoL 6476 (JPB). — PERNAMBUCO: Bonito, 15 Mar 1995, Henrique et al. 07 (UFP), idem, sine data, Andrade 25 (NY), 09 Feb 1996, Tscha 542 (PEUFR), 06 Mar 1996, Pimentel 7 5 (PEUFR); Caruaru, Brejo dos Cavalos, 01 Dec 1994, Travassos 258 (NY); idem, 16 May 1996, Tscha 777 (PEUFR); idem, 2 Jan 1972, Barbosa View in CoL s.n. (UFP); Escada, 21 Jul 1967, Lira View in CoL 29 (UFP), idem, 07 Mar 1968, Lira View in CoL 194 (IPA); Lagoa dos Gatos, 22 Nov 2011, Amorim 1254 (JPB, UFP); Lagoa do Ouro, 09 Dec 2014, Nusbaumer 4546 (NY); Recife, Jaqueira, 29 Jan 2013, Amorim 1744 (JPB, NY, UFP); S ~ ao Vicente Ferrer, 27 May 1998, Ferraz 315 (PEUFR); idem, 31 Jul 1998, Ferraz 358, 366 (PEUFR); Tamandare, 29 Feb 2000, Oliveira 570 (PEUFR).