India vitro

In vitro studies

Rao (1967) was the first to publish on the histogenesis and organogenesis of a few orchid seedlings in India . Subsequent tissue culture studies until the 1980s were rather preliminary and appeared infrequently ( e.g., Chennaveeraiah & Patil, 1973; Bapat & Narayanaswami, 1977; Mathews & Rao, 1980).

In vitro research on orchids in India View in CoL have largely focused on horticulturally important genera (Mitra et al., 1976; Sharon & Vasundhara, 1990; Katiyar et al., 1991; Kaushik & Kishore, 1991, 1995; Seeni & Latha, 1992, 2000; Piyathi & Murthy, 1995; George & Ravishankar, 1997; Nayak et al., 1997, 1998; Kulkarni & Surwase, 1998; Sharma 1998; Sheelavantmath et al., 2000; Talukdar, 2001; Saiprasad & Polisetty, 2003; Bejoy et al., 2004; Piria et al., 2005; Pant et al., 2008; Chugh et al., 2009; Shadang et al., 2009; Guha & Rao, 2010, 2012; Vyas et al., 2009; Chauhan et al., 2010, 2015; Pant & Swar, 2011; Mahendran & Bai, 2012; Sibin et al., 2014; Sibin & Gangaprasad, 2016; Arora et al., 2016; Lekshmi & Decruse, 2018; Gurudeva, 2019; Madhavi & Shankar, 2019).

Vij and coworkers established protocols for orchid tissue culture in India View in CoL and carried out extensive research on genera of horticultural and folk values viz., Aerides Lour. View in CoL , Bulbophyllum View in CoL , Cattleya Lindl. View in CoL , Coelogyne View in CoL , Cymbidium View in CoL , Dactylorhiza View in CoL Neck. ex Nevski, Dendrobium View in CoL , Eulophia R.Br. View in CoL Goodyera R.Br. View in CoL , Luisia Gaud. View in CoL , Oncidium Sw., Paplionanthe Schltr. View in CoL , Phaius Lour. View in CoL , Rhynchostylis View in CoL , Satyrium Sw. View in CoL , Vanda View in CoL ( Vij et al., 1984, 1986, 1987, 1989, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2000; Vij & Pathak, 1988, 1989, 1990; Sharma et al., 1991; Vij & Kaur, 1992; Vij, 1993; Kaur & Vij, 1995, 2000; Vij & Aggarwal, 2003; Aggarwal et al., 2008; Pathak et al., 2011, 2017; Anuprabha & Pathak, 2012, 2019; Vasundhara et al., 2019). The National Research Centre (NRC) in Sikkim, which was established in 1996, has developed hybrid varieties in vitro of several orchid genera of ornamental value ( eg., between Cattleya View in CoL , Cymbidium View in CoL , Dendrobium View in CoL , Phaius View in CoL ) to encourage local farmers to enter the horticultural trade (Nagaraju & Parthasarathy, 1994; Nagaraju & Upadhayaya, 2001; Nagaraju et al., 2002, 2003, 2004). Standardized in vitro protocols to raise orchid species have also been established for many taxa from Northeast India View in CoL , viz., Agrostophyllum Blume View in CoL , Cleisostoma View in CoL , Coelogyne View in CoL , Cymbidium View in CoL , Dendrobium View in CoL , Eulophia View in CoL , Paphiopedilum Pfitzer View in CoL , Renanthera Lour. View in CoL , Vanda View in CoL (Devi et al., 1990, 1997, 1998, 2006; Kumaria et al., 1990; Sharma & Tandon, 1990; Hazarika & Sarma, 1995; Datta et al., 1999; Devi & Deka, 2000; Kumaria & Tandon, 2000; Sinha et al., 2001; Jamir et al., 2002; Roy & Bannerjee, 2003; Sinha & Roy, 2004; Temjensangba & Deb, 2005; Das et al., 2007; Deb & Temjensangba, 2007; Shadang et al., 2007; Ng & Saleh, 2011; Dohling et al., 2012; Paul et al., 2012; Mao & Ranyaphi, 2013; Borah et al., 2015).