Duadicus pallidus Dallas 1851

Duadicus pallidus Dallas 1851 View in CoL

( Figs 1c–f View Fig ,3,5,6)

Duadicus pallidus Dallas 1851: 294 (n.sp.); Walker 1867: 376 (list); Lethierry and Severin 1893: 251 (catalogue); Van Duzee 1905: 212 (colour variation); Kumar 1974: 39 (list; illustration); Cassis and Gross 2002: 370 (catalogue)

Diagnosis D. pallidus is recognised by the following combination of characters: dorsum medium brown; lateral margin of pronotum arcuate medially ( Figs. 1c–f View Fig , 3b View Fig ), almost transparent; pronotal horns strongly projected, with apex black and slightly upturned; two irregular spots along basal margin of scutellum, from pale to yellowish brown ( Fig. 1c View Fig ); abdominal connexiva with more than one-half of segments V-VII pale brown anteriorly.

Redescription Male ( Fig. 1c,d View Fig ). Colouration. Head: brown, with reddish markings dorsally; pale to medium brown between inner margin of eye and ocelli, without markings; pale brown ventrally, with few reddish markings medially; sometimes reddish markings at base of bucculae. Eyes: black, with posterior margin yellowish brown. Antennae: AI medium brown with reddish tinge; AII-AIV medium brown, sometimes AII with reddish tinge; AV darkest, dark brown. Labium: as in generic description. Pronotum: brown, with reddish markings dorsally; callus as in generic description; lateral margin of pronotum almost transparent; pronotal angle medium to dark brown, almost black, from base to apex. Scutellum: medium to dark brown, with dark brown markings; two pale to medium brown stripe along basal margin; pale yellow to brown at apex, with tiny and dark brown markings. Thoracic pleura: medium to dark brown with reddish markings. MTG: pale brown. Hemelytra: pale brown with reddish brown markings; reddish brown stripe along outer margin of corium; membrane almost transparent, sometimes with brown tinge at base. Legs: as in generic description. Abdomen: connexiva medium brown with reddish brown markings; more than 1 ∕ 2 of segments V-VII pale brown anteriorly, without markings; abdominal spine medium brown; venter pale to medium brown, with reddish markings medially and laterally. Vestiture. Mostly as in generic description. Legs: uniformly pale brown; setae on femora rare distribution; tibiae and tarsi mostly dense. Abdomen: simple short decumbent pale brown setae sparsely distributed laterally; trichobothria pale brown. Structure. Head and Eyes: as in generic description. Antennae: AI longest, strongly passing anterior margin of head ( Figs 1c,d View Fig , 3a View Fig ); AII longer than AIII; AIII as long as AIV; AV shortest. Labium: as in generic description. Pronotum: callus subrectangular, sometimes rounded; lateral margin of pronotum sinuate, arcuate and strongly upturned ( Fig. 3b View Fig ); pronotal horns strongly projected dorsolaterally. Scutellum: flat, width longer than length; apex slender. MTG: suboval ( Fig. 3c View Fig ). Legs and Abdomen: as in generic description. Male genitalia: pygophore ( Fig. 5a View Fig ) similar to D. namyatovae but differs from lateral margin near apex of posterolateral angle not sinuated and posterolateral angle more rounded; paramere ( Fig. 5b View Fig ) nearly ‘L’ shaped, with angle almost 90°; apex slightly upward; vesica ( Fig. 5d,e View Fig ) ‘C’ shaped sclerotised; dorsal conjunctival lobe bounding vesica, united with no branches.

Female ( Fig. 1e,f View Fig ). Colouration. Mostly as in male. Head: pale to medium brown between ocelli, with few reddish brown markings. Antennae: AIV dark brown, except medium brown at base. Pronotum: pronotal horns medium brown anteriorly, with reddish tinge. Scutellum: two yellowish brown stripes along basal margin. Hemelytra: medium brown at inner base. Legs: tibiae medium brown, with reddish tinge at base and apex. Abdomen: connexiva dark brown with reddish brown markings; more than one-half of segments IV-VII pale brown anteriorly; one pair of medium brown Pendergrast’s organ on 7th segments. Vestiture. Mostly as in male. Abdomen: white short erect setae on Pendergrast’s organ. Structure. Mostly as in male. Antennae: AI longest, much passing anterior margin of head; AIV shorter than AII and longer than AIII; AV shortest. Pronotum: pronotal horns much arcuate anteriorly. Scutellum: apex much rounded. Abdomen: Pendergrast’s organ of sternite VII suboval ( Fig. 3d View Fig ). Female genitalia: first gonocoxites ( Fig. 6 View Fig ) large, plate-like, posterior margins almost straight; eighth paratergite subtriangular; apices of ninth paratergites far away from those of eighth paratergites; capsula seminalis small, membrane, with long pars intermedialis; thickenings of vaginal intima triangular; sclerotised ring apically upturned, sometimes horizontal.

Specimens examined

NEW SOUTH WALES: 1♀, Hornsby , C. Gibbons (00002857) ( AM) ; 1♀, Wynyard , G. H. Hardy (00002863) ( AM) ; 2♂♂ 1♀, Blackheath , Jan 1934, K. K. Spence (00002853- 00002854; 00002859) ( AM) ; 1♀, Tuggerah , 1 Oct 1934, K. K. Spence (00002856) ( AM) ; 1♂, Hazelbrook , NSW, Dec 1934, K. K. Spence (00002855) ( AM) ; 1♀, National Park Belair , 12 Apr 1967, D. K. McAlpine (00002818) ( AM) ; 1♀, Clarence, Blue Mountains , NSW, 30 Nov 1980, C. E. Chadwick (00002820) ( AM) ; 1♀, Clarence, Blue Mountains , NSW, 28 Dec 1989, R. de Keyzer (00002829) ( AM) ; SA: 1♂, 1 km S by E Elliston , 33.40S 134.54E, 30 Nov 1992, I. D. Naumann and J. C. Cardale (00002830) ( AM) GoogleMaps ; 1♂, Sassafras, 21 km E of Nerriga 650 m, 35°07′S 150°11′E, 12 Nov 1995, Schuh and Cassis (00002849) ( AM) GoogleMaps . TASMANIA: 1♂ 1♀, Frankford: Lea (00002861) ( AM) ; 1♀, Friendly Beaches, Freycinet Peninsula , 19 m, 41°59.2899′S 148°17.2587′E, 13 Nov 2002, G. Cassis, R.T. Schuh, M.D. Schwartz, R. Silveira (00002831) ( TMAG) GoogleMaps ; 2♂♂, 17 Mile Plain, Grunter Rd , 13 m, 40.88°S 144.89°E, 10 Mar 2010, C. Symonds, (00002836-00002837) ( TMAG) GoogleMaps ; 1♂, 17 Mile Plain, Grunter Rd , 13 M, 40.90°S 144.88°E, 11 Mar 2010, C. Symonds (00002838) ( UNSW) GoogleMaps . SOUTH AUSTRALIA: 1♂ 2♀♀, Adelaide , A. H. Elston (00002851, 00002860) ( AM) ; 1♀, Adelaide, H. M. Hale (00002858) ( AM) ; 1♂, Myponga , H. M. Hale (00002852) ( AM) . 1♀, 15 km S of Bews , 130 m, 35°29′05″S 140°25′59″E, 08 Nov 1998, R.T. Schuh, G. Cassis, R. Silveira (00002824)( AM) GoogleMaps ; 2♀♀, 38.1 km S of Bews, Ngarkat Conservation Park , 90 m, 35°39′35″S 140°26′56″E, 09 Nov 1998, R. T. Schuh, G. Cassis, R. Silveira (00002822-00002823) ( AM) GoogleMaps ; 3♀♀, Scorpion Springs Cons. Park , 125 m, 35°36′15″S 140°51′52″E, 10 Nov 1998, R. T. Schuh, G. Cassis, R. Silveira (00002826-00002828) ( AM) GoogleMaps . WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 1♀, 2.2 km W of Windy Harbour, D’Entrecasteaux National Park , 50 m, 34°49′16″S116°00′40″E, 15 Dec 1997, R.T. Schuh, G. Cassis, H. Brailovsky (00002825) ( AM) GoogleMaps ; 1♀, 3.5 km E of Lillian Stoke Rock, 360 m, 33°4.6072′S 120°7.9191′E, 21 Nov 1999, R. T. Schuh, G. Cassis and R. Silveira (00002832) ( AM) GoogleMaps ; 1♂, 39 km E of Lake King , 400 m, 33°4.6774′S 120°5.6142′E, 21 Nov 1999, R.T. Schuh, G. Cassis and R. Silveira (00002848) ( UNSW) GoogleMaps ; 1♀, Madfish Bay, William Bay National Park , 100 m, 35°1.2076′S 117°15.2487′E, 01 Dec 1999, R. T. Schuh, G. Cassis and R. Silveira (00002833) ( UNSW) GoogleMaps ; 1♀, 49 km S Eneabba, Coomallo RestArea , jct of Brand Highway and Jurien East Rd, 162 m, 30.22°S 115.40°E, 21 Oct 2004, G. Cassis, M.A. Wall, C. Weirauch, C. Symonds (00002850) ( AM) GoogleMaps ; 1♂, 2.1 km S of Coorow-Greenhead Rd, on Cockleshell Gully Rd , 156 m, 30.09°S 115.12°E, 06 Nov 2004, G. Cassis, C. Weirauch, N. Tatarnic, C. Symonds (00002834) ( AM) GoogleMaps ; 1♂, Brand Highway 18.8 km S of jct with Cervantes Rd , 203 m, 30.47°S 115.36°E, 07 Nov 2004, G. Cassis, C. Weirauch, N. Tatarnic, C. Symonds (00002835) ( AM) GoogleMaps .

Distribution

D. pallidus is known from New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia and Western Australia ( Fig. 7 View Fig ).

Host plants

Cassis and Gross (2002) recorded this species from the following host plants: Allocasuarina muelleriana ( Casuarinaceae ), Leptospermum coriaceum ( Myrtaceae ), Leptospermum myrsinoides ( Myrtaceae ) and M. muelleriana ( Myrtaceae ). In this work, we record the following new host plants: Jacksonia horrida ( Fabaceae ) and M. sapientes ( Myrtaceae ) ( Fig. 8a View Fig ).

Remarks

See D. namyatovae remarks section for differential diagnosis.