Aleyrodes pruinosus Bemis, 1904

Aleyrodes pruinosus Bemis, 1904 View in CoL

Fig. 7–9 View Figures 7–12 , 19, 20 View Figures 17–20 , 31 View Figures 29–32 , 36 View Figures 33–41 , 44 View Figures 42–45

Aleyrodes pruinosus Bemis 1904: 491 View in CoL (description of nymphs, puparium, and adults; plates 33, 34, fig. 40–55; syntypes on Heteromeles arbutifolia View in CoL , from U.S.A., California, Avalon, Catalina Islands , E. Ehrhorn coll., and Leland Stanford Junior University, 1902, F.E. Bemis coll., at USNM).

Aleyrodes pruinosus euphorbiarum Cockerell 1911: 462 (description of puparium and adult female; syntypes from U.S.A., Colorado, Glenwood Springs, E. Bethel coll., on Euphorbia robusta View in CoL , at USNM).

Specimens examined. Slide mounted material: 178 puparia, 225 ♂♂, 24 ♀♀ [at CSCA]: U.S.A., California, 5 puparia, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, on Heteromeles sp. , x.1930; San Diego County: 1 puparium, San Diego, on crab apple ( Malus sp. ), 11.ix.1967, F. Yaruss coll.; 3 puparium, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Chula Vista, on toyon ( Heteromeles arbutifolia ), 14.xii.1973, Knott and Webb coll.; 13 puparia [some with long caudal setae], 8 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, El Cajon, on Heteromeles arbutifolia , 14.v.1975, Opel, Rys, and Dietz coll.; Orange County: 16 puparia, 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, El Modena, on Heteromeles arbutifolia , x.1931, Penny coll.; 3 puparia, Anaheim, on California holly ( Heteromeles arbutifolia ), 15.i.1932, M.R. Olson coll.; Riverside County: 2 puparia, U.C. Riverside, on Heteromeles arbutifolia , 6.x.1967, R.J. Gill coll.; 1 puparium, Corona, on toyon ( Heteromeles arbutifolia ), 30.iii.1981, Reeves and Harris coll.; Los Angeles County: 8 puparia [some with long caudal and posterior setae], Catalina Island, Toyon Canyon, on toyon ( Heteromeles arbutifolia ), 29.v.1981, R. Gill coll.; San Bernardino County: 28 puparia, Ontario, on Heteromeles sp. , 7.xii.1934, G. Pohl coll.; Ventura County: 13 puparia, 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Ventura, on toyon berry ( Heteromeles arbutifolia ), 2.viii.1933, F.R. Lewis coll.; Santa Barbara County: 8 puparia, Santa Rosa Island, Cow Canyon, 450 ft, on Heteromeles arbutifolia , 31.xii.2000, F. Hrusa coll.; Alameda County: 1 ♀, U.C. Berkeley campus, on Heteromeles arbutifolia , 29.ix.1937, F.L. Blanc coll.; 9 puparia, same data but 14.i.1939, W.W. Sampson and E.A. Drews coll.; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, same data but 19.i.1939; 15 puparia, same data but 8.ii.1939; 4 puparia, 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Berkeley, on toyon ( Heteromeles arbutifolia ), 10.x.1941, M.R. Bell coll.; 4 puparia, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, same data but 3.vi.1991, J. Ball coll.; San Francisco County: 10 puparia, Golden Gate Park, on toyon ( Heteromeles arbutifolia ), 24.i.1939, W.W. Sampson and E.A. Drews coll.; Sacramento County: 8 puparia, Sacramento, 1408 W St., on Heteromeles arbutifolia , 3.v.1939, Ohrt coll.; 7 puparia, same data but 2311 14 th St., Kondo leg.; Napa County: 23 puparia, 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, on toyon ( Heteromeles arbutifolia ), viii.1933, E. Swift coll.; Yuba County: 2 puparia, Marysville, on Heteromeles arbutifolia , 15.iii.1933, Fosen coll. Dry material: U.S.A., California, San Diego County: 60 puparia, El Cajon, 14.v.1975, Opel, Rys, and Dietz coll.; Orange County: 3 puparia, Santa Ana Canyon, on Christmas berry ( Heteromeles arbutifolia ), 16.x.1942, House and Slaap coll.; Ventura County: 100+ puparia, El Rio, on toyon ( Heteromeles arbutifolia ), 8.x.1947, C.G. Barrett coll.; Santa Clara County: 40 puparia, Gilroy, on toyon ( Heteromeles arbutifolia ), 24.i.1947, J. Gallion and L. Plesse coll.

Diagnostic characters. Puparium uniformly grayish brown usually with narrow translucent yellow margin ( Fig. 7–9 View Figures 7–12 ); dorsum and surrounding leaf surfaces usually coated with a powdery white wax that gives the pupal cases a purplish cast. Medio-dorsal area of cephalothorax and anterior abdomen never with pebble-like ornamentation and usually with only up to eight simple pores per segment on each side ( Fig. 19, 20 View Figures 17–20 , 31 View Figures 29–32 ). Adult male with paramere narrowing apically, with a narrow subapical flange, as wide as 0.30 of its length and carina along medial margin of paramere contiguous to tip; aedeagus gradually curved at a 45-degree angle ( Fig. 44 View Figures 42–45 ).

Remarks. The more extensive dark color can usually be used to distinguish the puparium of this species from that of other Aleyrodes in California. However, A. amnicola and A. spiraeoides can also display extensive dark color. Aleyrodes pruinosus can be recognized from darker puparia of the former by the absence of pebble-like ornamentation and the lower number of pores, and adult males by the shape of male parameres (see under A. amnicola ). We have been unable to find any morphological differences in the puparium and adults between this species and A. spiraeoides . However, puparium is relatively larger in A. pruinosus as are vasiform orifice length and width, although ranges overlap ( Table 1). It is possible that this species name is also a synonym of A. spiraeoides .

Hosts. Commonly found on toyon ( Heteromeles arbutifolia M. Roemer ), with one record on Malus Miller ( Rosaceae ).

Distribution. Throughout California wherever toyon occurs. Recorded also from Colorado, Washington, Florida, Texas, and Massachusetts States in the U.S.A. and from Mexico ( Evans 2007).