Aleyrodes proletella ( Linnaeus, 1758 )

Aleyrodes proletella ( Linnaeus, 1758) View in CoL

Fig. 5, 6 View Figures 1–6 , 17, 18 View Figures 17–20 , 30 View Figures 29–32 , 34, 35 View Figures 33–41 , 43 View Figures 42–45

Phalaena (Tinea) proletella Linnaeus 1758: 537 View Cited Treatment (syntypes from Europe on Brassica View in CoL , Chelidonium View in CoL , and on Quercus View in CoL ?).

Phalaena culiciformis Geoffroy 1785: 306 (syntypes on Chelidonium majus View in CoL ).

Coccus preanthis Schrank 1801: 147 .

Aleyrodes proletella View in CoL : Latreille 1801: 264 (change of combination) — Walker 1858: 307 (synonymy of Aleyrodes chelidonii Latreille View in CoL ) — Bondar 1923: 125 (synonymy of Aleyrodes youngi Hempel View in CoL ) — Haupt 1935: 256 (synonymy of Aleyrodes brassicae Walker View in CoL ) — Klimaszewski and Szelegiewicz 1962: 42 (synonymy of Coccus preanthis Schrank ) — Mound and Halsey 1978: 99 (discussion of nomenclatorial history) — Zahradnik 1991: 113 (synonymy of Aleyrodes euphorbiae Löw View in CoL ).

Aleyrodes chelidonii Latreille, 1807: 174 View in CoL (replacement name for A. proletella View in CoL L. and synonymy of Phalaena culiciformis ). Aleyrodes brassicae Walker 1852: 1092 View in CoL (syntypes from England on cabbage).

Aleyrodes euphorbiae Löw 1867: 746 View in CoL (syntypes from Austria on Euphorbia peplus View in CoL ).

Aleyrodes preanthis : Cockerell 1902: 281 (change of combination).

Aleurodes youngi Hempel, 1901: 385 (syntypes from Brazil, Iguape and Campinas, State of São Paulo, on cabbage).

Specimens examined. Slide mounted material: 84 puparia, 10 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ [at CSCA]: England: 2 puparia, Kent, Wye , on ground ivy ( Glechoma hederacea ), viii.1960. O. Gameel coll. ; 7 puparia, 1 ♀, British Museum Laboratory Culture , on cabbage ( Brassica oleracea ), v.1966, B.R. Pitkin coll. ; Dominica: 21 puparia, St. Paul Parish, ATRC Springfield , on cabbage ( Brassica oleracea ), 11.vi.1994, M. Rose coll. ; Taiwan: 2 puparia, Taipei, on Rorippa indica , 6.v.1992, H.C. Wen coll. ; U.S.A., California, Santa Cruz County: 18 puparia, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Watsonville , on kale ( Brassica oleracea ), 31.vii.2001, Bowman coll. ; 17 puparia, 9 ♂♂, same data but 8.viii.2001 ; 1 ♂, same data but on radicchio ( Cichorium intybus var. foliosum ) ; 17 puparia, same data but 22.viii.2001. Dry material: 50 puparia, England, British Museum Laboratory Culture , on cabbage ( Brassica oleracea ), v.1966, B.R. Pitkin coll.

Diagnostic characters. Puparium usually translucent yellow ( Fig. 6 View Figures 1–6 ), although it can be slightly to moderately pigmented in colder months in temperate regions ( Martin et al. 2000). Medio-dorsal area of cephalothorax and anterior abdomen never with pebble-like ornamentation and usually with only up to eight simple pores per segment on each side ( Fig. 17, 18 View Figures 17–20 , 30 View Figures 29–32 ). Adult male with paramere narrowing apically, with a narrow subapical flange as wide as about 0.25–0.30 of its length, and carina along medial margin of paramere interrupted subapically; aedeagus abruptly curved at a 90-degree angle at mid-length ( Fig. 43 View Figures 42–45 ).

Remarks. We have been unable to distinguish the puparia from those of A. spiraeoides . However, adult males of A. proletella differ from all other California Aleyrodes including A. spiraeoides by the aedeagus abruptly bent at a 90-degree angle at mid-length and carina along medial margin of paramere interrupted subapically ( Fig. 43 View Figures 42–45 ), versus aedeagus gradually curved at less than a 45-degree angle and carina along medial margin of paramere contiguous to tip in the other three species ( Fig. 42, 44, 45 View Figures 42–45 ).

Hosts. Polyphagous but seems to prefer crucifers ( Brassicaceae ). In California found only on Brassica oleracea L. ( Brassicaceae ) and Cichorium intybus L. ( Asteraceae ).

Distribution. Originally described from Europe, this species is now known from Russia, Taiwan, Australia, New Zealand, Bermuda, Brazil, numerous countries in Africa, and NE states and Oregon State in the U.S.A. ( Mound and Halsey 1978; Hernández-Su á rez et al. 2012; Oregon Department of Agriculture 2016). In California it was only reported from several collections on ornamental kale and radicchio in the Monterey Bay Area of Santa Cruz County in 2001. While cabbage and other related plants are commonly grown commercially in the Monterey Bay area, this species has apparently not been resampled on any of these crops or on ornamental cabbage or kale since the original collections in 2001, and its current status in the state is unknown.