Phlogotettix Ribaut 1942: 262

Phlogotettix Ribaut 1942: 262 View in CoL . Type species. Jassus cyclops Mulsant & Rey , by original designation.

Phlogotettix indicus Rao 1989:77 View in CoL . India (Meghalaya, Manipur).

Phlogotettix subhimalayanus Meshram & Ramamurthy View in CoL , in Meshram et al. 2015: 233–234. India (Mizoram, Sikkim).

Phlogotettix unicus Stuti & Meshram View in CoL , in Rai et al. 2022: 3205–3206.

Phlogothamnus Ishihara 1961: 248 View in CoL . Type species. Phlogothamnus maculiceps Ishihara View in CoL , by original designation. Phlogothamnus maculiceps Ishihara 1961: 248 View in CoL , figs 63–66. India (Meghalaya, Uttarakhand, West Bengal). Thailand.

Phlogothamnus umiamensis sp. nov. India (Meghalaya).

Wanritettix Vilbaste 1969: 12 View in CoL . Type species. Thamnotettix wanrianus Matsumura View in CoL , by original designation. Wanritettix wanrianus View in CoL ( Matsumura 1914: 177, Thamnotettix View in CoL ). India (Gujarat). Nepal. Taiwan.

Key to the Monobazus View in CoL group of genera and some species of the Indian subcontinent (males)

1. Crown with single medial dark brown spot ( Figs 6 View FIGURES 6 EG).......................................... Phlogotettix Ribaut View in CoL

- Crown differently marked or without markings.............................................................. 2

2. Pygofer lobe without a process ( Fig. 14A View FIGURES 14 ).................................................................. 3

- Pygofer lobe with a process ( Figs 17 View FIGURES 17 AB, 18A, 29A, 32B, 33BC)............................................... 6

3. Aedeagus asymmetrical, without basal or apical paired processes ( Figs 14 View FIGURES 14 FG, 15F, 16F)................... Banus Distant View in CoL

- Aedeagus symmetrical, with a pair of basal ( Fig. 35E View FIGURES 35 ) or apical ( Figs 55 View FIGURES 55 EG) processes.............................. 4

4. Aedeagus with basal pair of processes ( Figs 35 View FIGURES 35 EG, 48HI); subgenital plate narrowed and membranous apically ( Figs. 35 View FIGURES 35 CD) ................................................................................................... 5

- Aedeagus with apical pair of processes ( Figs 55 View FIGURES 55 EG); subgenital plate rounded and sclerotized apically, not tapered and membranous ( Fig. 55B View FIGURES 55 , 56F View FIGURES 56 ).......................................................... Longicornus Li & Song View in CoL

5. Aedeagus with basal processes arising dorsad of shaft ( Figs 35 View FIGURES 35 FG)........................ Monobazus Distant View in CoL (in part)

- Aedeagus with basal processes arising ventrad of shaft ( Figs 48 View FIGURES 48 HI)....................... Panghoella gen. nov. (in part)

6. Pygofer with dorsal marginal process ( Figs 17 View FIGURES 17 AB, 47A, 49A).................................................. 7

- Pygofer with ventral ( Figs 28A View FIGURES 28 ) or posterior marginal ( Fig. 31A View FIGURES 31 ) or apical ( Figs 37 View FIGURES 37 BC) process...................... 8

7. Pygofer process directed ventrally ( Figs 47A View FIGURES 47 , 49A View FIGURES 49 ); aedeagus with a pair of basal processes ( Figs 47G View FIGURES 47 , 49F View FIGURES 49 ).......................................................................................... Panghoella gen. nov. (in part)

- Pygofer process directed posteriorly ( Fig. 17A View FIGURES 17 ); aedeagus without basal processes ( Fig. 17I View FIGURES 17 )....... Chandibanus gen. nov.

8. Aedeagal shaft with processes in basal half ( Figs 23I View FIGURES 23 , 24 View FIGURES 24 FG, 25F, 26E, 54E), shaft without lateral lamellate expansion.... 11

- Aedeagal shaft without processes in basal half ( Figs 18I View FIGURES 18 , 19F View FIGURES 19 , 21I View FIGURES 21 ), shaft with or without lateral lamellate expansion ( Fig.18 G View FIGURES 18 )................................................................................................. 9

9. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme well-developed ( Figs 18I View FIGURES 18 , 21I View FIGURES 21 )................................................ 10

- Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme absent or poorly developed ( Figs 52G View FIGURES 52 , 53 View FIGURES 53 IJ).................... Phlogothamnus Ishihara View in CoL

10. Aedeagal shaft with lateral lamellate expansions ( Fig.18G View FIGURES 18 ) or dorsal ridge ( Figs 19 View FIGURES 19 FG); style subapical lobe poorly developed (18F, 20E)........................................................................... Cicurbanus gen. nov.

- Aedeagal shaft without lateral lamellate expansions medially ( Figs 21 View FIGURES 21 HI, 22GH); style subapical lobe well-developed ( Fig. 21G View FIGURES 21 ).............................................................................. Lankabanus gen. nov.

11. Aedeagal shaft with small triangular or lobate lateral process near midlength ( Figs 23 View FIGURES 23 HI, 24FG)..... Madhyabanus gen. nov.

- Aedeagal shaft with spine-like basal, lateral or ventral processes ( Figs 25F View FIGURES 25 , 26E View FIGURES 26 , 28G View FIGURES 28 ).............................. 12

12. Aedeagal shaft with medial ventral process, often forked distally ( Figs 30E View FIGURES 30 , 33I View FIGURES 33 , 37H View FIGURES 37 ), if with basal lateral processes ( Fig. 28 View FIGURES 28 FG, 40FG) connective short ( Figs 28D View FIGURES 28 , 40D View FIGURES 40 ).......................................... Monobazus Distant View in CoL (in part)

- Aedeagal shaft with basal lateral processes ( Figs 25E View FIGURES 25 , 26E View FIGURES 26 , 27E View FIGURES 27 ); connective moderately long to long................. 13

13. Subgenital plate with macrosetae arising proximad of basal third ( Fig. 26B View FIGURES 26 ).................... Mavromoustaca Dlabola

- Subgenital plate with macrosetae arising distad of proximal third ( Fig. 54C View FIGURES 54 )........................ Wanritettix Vilbaste View in CoL

Genus Banus Distant View in CoL

Banus Distant 1908:353 View in CoL . Type species. Banus oblatus Distant View in CoL , by original designation.

Diagnosis. Banus incudes slender elongate leafhoppers with pale and brown markings on head and thorax. They can be distinguished from similarly colored species of other genera by the male genitalia characters: male pygofer without processes, aedeagus asymmetrically curved or with lateral process proximad of gonopore and apical extension of shaft beyond gonopore making it asymmetrical, gonopore at midlength of shaft on dorsal surface. It resembles some species of Monobazus and Mavromoustaca but lacks the pygofer caudal process and basal aedeagal processes of these genera.

Description. Brownish ochraceous with pale and brown markings on head, pronotum, and mesonotum.

Slender, elongate species measuring 4.5–5.0 mm long. Head slightly narrower than or as wide as pronotum, crown surface with apical half shagreen, posterior half polished; median sulcus about 0.75 as long as crown; fore margin rounded to face. Eyes large, their outer margin in line with outer margin of crown, obliquely extended on anterolateral angles of pronotum. Ocelli prominent placed a distance less than own diameter away from eyes. Antennae long, reaching almost half length of body. Face slightly longer than wide including eyes; frontoclypeus somewhat narrow; clypellus broad apically. Pronotum slightly convex dorsally, about 1.3–1.4× as long as crown; with lateral margins carinate, surface polished, posterior margin almost straight. Mesonotum about as long as or distinctly longer than pronotum. Forewing with claval veins separate, inner claval vein connected to claval suture by cross vein, three anteapical and four apical cells, inner anteapical cell open behind, outer anteapical cell well separated from costal margin throughout length, without reflexed costal veins; appendix narrow not extending beyond middle of second apical cell. Pro-femur comparatively long and slender compared to meso femur; AV row of setae 15–16, conical, short peg-like in basal 0.66 length; AM row of setae represented by hair-like AM1, IC row of setae 14–15, slender hair-like. Metafemur with 2+2+1 apical macrosetae. Metabasitarsomere with 3 platellae and one tapered stout seta on either side. Female sternite VII twice as wide as long medially, posterior margin moderately convex either with median lobe or slightly concave medially or straight.

Male genitalia. Pygofer without anterior apodemes, tergum short, lobes well produced posteriorly, making tergum deeply U-shaped in dorsal view, dorsal and ventral processes absent, with numerous macrosetae in posterior half, ventral margin convex, posterodorsal angle subconically rounded. Valve with posterior margin angularly produced medially. Subgenital plates triangular, elongate, about 2.0–2.5× as long as basal width, with marginal row of macrosetae in basal 0.75 region and numerous hair-like setae in distal half. Style with well-developed subapical lobe, apophysis curved laterally, surface transversely serrate. Connective Y-shaped, stem as long as or longer than arms. Aedeagus with or without well-developed dorsal apodeme, shaft slightly curved or straight, apex produced beyond gonopore into thin process which may be curved asymmetrically or with lateral curved process making aedeagus asymmetrical; gonopore on dorsal surface.

Female genitalia. First pair of valvulae of uniform width, with distal 0.2 tapered and pointed, sculpturing obliquely strigate occupying distal 0.66. Second pair of valvulae without basal tooth or hyaline area, toothed area wide at base slightly convex and tapered distally, teeth prominent well separated from each other, toothed area occupying distal 0.66.

Remarks. This genus can be distinguished by its asymmetrical aedeagus and male pygofer without processes. However, it is possible that the three species from which males are known (see below) and from which this identity is taken, belong to a different genus from the type species ( B. oblatus ) which is known only from the female lectotype. Although all have similar head markings, the vertex of B. oblatus is shorter and less pointed than the remaining specimens. Banus resembles Monobazus externally, but is slenderer and has the aedeagal shaft produced into a thin process beyond the gonopore or curved, with a lateral process making it asymmetrical, the gonopore is on the dorsal surface compared to that in Monobazus wherein it is on the ventral surface. The genus is so far known from India, Myanmar and Sri Lanka. Three species of Banus in south India are often sympatric breeding and feeding on grasses.

Key to species of Banus View in CoL (males)

[Male sex of Banus oblatus Distant View in CoL is not known]

1. Aedeagus with shaft apex asymmetrically curved distad of gonopore; aedeagal shaft without lateral process short distance before gonopore ( Figs 14 View FIGURES 14 FG)............................................................. B. curvatus sp. nov.

- Aedeagus with shaft apex either curved in line with shaft ( Fig. 16E View FIGURES 16 ) or straight distad of gonopore ( Fig. 15E View FIGURES 15 ); aedeagal shaft with retrorse lateral process short distance before gonopore................................................... 2

2. Aedeagal shaft curved, almost C-shaped, dorsal apodeme poorly developed ( Figs 16E–H View FIGURES 16 ).......... B. umbratus (Melichar)

- Aedeagal shaft almost straight, dorsal apodeme well-developed and long ( Fig. 15F View FIGURES 15 )................. B. spiculatus sp. nov.