Phaenonotum exstriatum, (SAY, 1835)

PHAENONOTUM EXSTRIATUM (SAY, 1835) View in CoL

( FIGS 4B, 5E, 6E, K, 7E)

Type material: Neotype of Hydrophilus exstriatus Say, 1835 designated by Smetana (1978) from southeastern states of USA (deposited in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Boston, USA): not examined in our study. Types of Phaenonotum dubium Sharp, 1882 were examined by Deler-Hernández & Fikáček (2016) and confirmed as being conspecific to North American specimens treated as P. exstriatum (synonymy proposed by Smetana, 1978).

Material examined: Barbados: 1 spec. ( SBPC): Jack-in-Box Gully , forest, 13°11’N 59°34.3’W, 230 m, UV light, 23.vi.2007, S & J. Peck lgt. (07-25) GoogleMaps . Cuba: Cienfuegos prov. : 1 spec. ( NMPC): Soledad , 22.12682°N 80.33289°W, 71 m, MV light, 21.v.2013, A.B.T. Smith lgt. Guantánamo prov. GoogleMaps : 2 spec. ( NMPC): Baracoa, Jobo Dulce , 20°18′18.00″N 74°27′21.60″W, 94 m, 29.x.2010, R. Correa lgt GoogleMaps ; El Yunque , 3.2 km SW of campismo, 20°19′N 74°34′W, 150 m, 13.vi.2012, A. Deler-Hernández lgt. Holguín Prov. GoogleMaps : 1 spec. ( NMPC): Mayarí, Guatemala, Guarina Nuñez , 20°42′4.06″N 75°40′24.45″W, c. 27 m, 26.iii.2013, A. Deler-Hernández lgt. Granma Prov. GoogleMaps : 1 spec. ( NMPC): Cauto Cristo, Rio Cauto, El Sitio , 20°16′22.80″N 76°29′2.40″W, 135 m, 1.v.2005, L. Chaves. Santiago de Cuba prov. GoogleMaps : 9 spec. ( NMPC): El Vivero, 1.3 km NEE of Dos Caminos , 20°10′49.36″N 75°46′41.43″W, c. 170 m, at light, 23.v.2013, Deler-Hernández & A. Smith lgt. (1 spec: molecular voucher MF654) GoogleMaps ; 1 spec. ( NMPC): Daiquirí , 1–4.vi.1985, S. Bílý lgt . Dominica: 8 spec. ( BMNH): La Plaine , 97-67, 22.i.1889, G. A. Ramage lgt . Dominican Republic: 1 spec. ( NMPC): Samaná , 6.4 km N of Samaná, road to El Valle , 19°15.78′N 69°20.23′W, 21 m, 5.ix.2014, Deler, Fikáček, Gimmel (DR36) GoogleMaps . Grenada: 1 spec. ( SBPC): Grand Etang Forest Reserve , 12°04.952′N 61°42.162′W, 434 m, nursery edge forest, UV trap, 14.viii.2010, S. Peck lgt. (10–69) GoogleMaps ; 25 spec. ( BMNH): Grand Etang ( Windward side), 1900 ft, H. H. Smith .; 1 spec. ( SBPC): Par. St. Andrew, Mirabeau, Agric. Lab , UV trap, 23.ii.1990, R. E. Woodruff lgt .; 34 spec. ( BMNH): Mount Gay Est. (Leeward side), H. H. Smith lgt .; 3 spec. ( BMNH): Chantilly Est. ( Windward side), H. H. Smith lgt .; 8 spec. ( BMNH): Balthazar ( Windward side), H. H. Smith lgt .; 1 spec. ( BMNH): Vendome Est. ( Leeward side), H. H. Smith lgt . Cayman Islands: 1 spec. ( BMNH): Grand Cayman , by freshwater lake near George Town ., UV light trap, 4.viii.1970, Joy Farradane lgt. Haiti: 1 spec. ( BMNH): Port au Prince. , 1.iii.1908, M. Cameron lgt. Jamaica : 1 spec. ( BMNH): Kingston. , 16.ii.1908, M. Cameron lgt .; 9 spec. ( SBPC): Ewarton, St. Cath. Par., St. Clair Cave , 27.xii.1972, S & J. Peck. Monserrat : 1 spec. ( BMNH): Salem 8.ix.1975, J. Cooter lgt . Saint Lucia: 1 spec. ( SBPC): Mon Repos , 6.5 km W of Fox Grovelnn, 13°52.5′N 60°56.4′W, 300 m, submontane forest litter, 22.vii.2007, S & J. Peck lgt. (07-76) GoogleMaps . Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: 1 spec. ( SBPC): Saint Vincent, Brighton Bay Village , 13°07.97′N 61°10.06′W, 1 m, streamside UV trap 8.vi.2007, S & J. Peck lgt. (07-10) GoogleMaps ; 15 spec. ( BMNH): Saint Vincent , without additional data, H. H. Smith lgt . Puerto Rico: 7 spec. ( NMPC): Naguabo , El Yunque Nat. Forest , S part 3.45 km N of Río Blanco at rd. PR191, 18°14.8′N 65°47.7′W, 170 m, 24.vi.2016, Deler, Fikáček & Seidel lgt. (1 spec.: molecular voucher MF1728) GoogleMaps . Trinidad & Tobago: 2 spec. ( BMNH): Trinidad, St. Augustine , 15.iv.1926, C. L. Withycombe lgt .; 1 spec. ( BMNH): Trinidad , St. Margarita , 11.vi.1942. E. C. Humphries lgt . USA: Florida: 1 spec. ( NMPC): Highlands Co., Venus , 4 miles W of Fish Eating Creek, 15.viii.1965, W. Suter lgt., det. A. Smetana ; 1 spec. ( NMPC): Alachua Co., Gainesville , black light, 19.vii.1978, F. N. Young lgt., det. A. Smetana ; 1 spec. ( NMPC): Kansas : Douglas Co., Bridenthal Ecological Reserve , 3.2 miles N of Baldwin City, 38.81043°N 95.18669°W, 270 m, ix.2009, Eldgedge & Fikáček lgt GoogleMaps .; 1 spec. ( NMPC): Douglas Co., Lawrence Baker Wetlands , 27.viii.2009, Gustafson, Eldgedge & Fikáček lgt .; 1 spec. ( NMPC): Delaware : New Castle Co., Frenchtown Woods Natural Area , 23.v.2004, at light, A.E. Z. Short lgt. (AS-04-065) (molecular voucher MF1063) . Costa Rica: 1 spec. ( NMPC): Guanacaste : 6.6 km from main road, roadside gravel stream running through culvert, 10°09′26.7″N 85°22′47.5″W, 50 m, 13.i.2004, Short & Lebbin lgt. (AS-04-037) (molecular voucher MF1738).

Redescription: Habitus as in Figure 5E. Body length 3.3–4.0 mm. Body elongate oval, moderately convex, elytral suture not elevated posteriorly. Dorsum black, lateral margins of elytra with very narrow indistinct paler stripe, pronotum paler in posterolateral corners; ventral surface dark brown to black; femora and tibiae black; antennae, maxillary palpi and tarsi yellowish. Head with sparse moderately coarse punctation, without microsculpture (except posteriorly on frons); eyes moderately large, separated by 4.0× dorsal width of one eye ( Fig. 6E). Pronotum with sparse fine punctures, slightly smaller than on head, interstices without microsculpture. Elytral punctation moderately impressed, coarser than on pronotum and head; elytral interstices without microsculpture. Wings present, well developed. Mesoventral elevation as wide as metaventral process posteriorly, slightly narrowing anteriorly, with distinct anterior hood; metaventrite without pubescent pits on sides of metaventral process; metaventrite c. 3.9× wider than its length posterior of mesocoxae; median moderately elevated part of metaventrite moderately wide throughout ( Fig. 7E). Aedeagus 0.4 mm long ( Fig. 6K). Median lobe narrowly triangular, c. 2.1× longer along midline than wide; apex reaching apices of parameres; gonopore small, subapical; lateral struts expanded laterally. Parameres distinctly sinuate on lateral margin, slightly expanded subapically. Phallobase longer than wide.

Diagnosis: Phaenonotum exstriatum may be distinguished from Caribbean species except P. borinquenum by the combination of moderately large eyes, moderately long metaventrite, presence of wings and morphology of the aedeagus. It may be distinguished from P. borinquenum by larger body size and bases of parameres meeting in single point only. Despite the strong morphological similarity, it is not closely related to P. borinquenum (see Fig. 2).

Distribution: Phaenonotum exstriatum is widespread in the eastern USA and in Central America ( Smetana, 1978; Deler-Hernández & Fikáček, 2016) as well as in Greater and Lesser Antilles ( Fig. 4B). The only record from South America is from eastern Colombia Gonzáles-Rodríguez, García-Hernández & Clarkson (2017). but the species is probably widespread in northern South America as it is common in southern islands of Lesser Antilles and it also occurs in Trinidad.