Eugenia gastropogena Faria & Proença, 2015

Eugenia gastropogena Faria & Proença View in CoL , sp. nov.

Type:— BRAZIL. RIO DE JANEIRO, Armação dos Búzios, Condomínio Búzios Bauen Club, picada para a praia de José Gonçalves , 11 July 1995, Fárag, P.R.C. et al. 120 (holotype UB! , isotype RB! ). Figures 1 View FIGURE 1 and 2 View FIGURE 2 .

This species is most similar to E. pyriformis Cambessèdes (1832 –1833: 336), from which it can be distinguished by its repand leaves (plane leaves in E. pyriformis ), peduncles up to 9.8 mm long (24–36 mm long in E. pyriformis ) and calyx lobes 3.5–4.7 mm long (1.7–3.7 mm long in E. pyriformis ).

Tree 2.5–3 m; trichomes simple, whitish to pale brown. Trunk greyish brown with exfoliating bark; young branches chestnut, densely pubescent. Leaves oblong, obovate or elliptic, 2.1–6.8 × 1.1–2.3 cm, leaf ratio 1.5–3.4, chartaceous, repand, glabrescent or glabrous on the upper surface, pubescent to sparsely pubescent on the lower surface, margin ciliate to eciliate; apex acute to acuminate, sometimes mucronate; base subcordate to obtuse; midvein slightly sulcate to raised on the upper surface, raised on the lower surface, pubescent at the proximal region and glabrous at the distal region, apparently with epicuticular wax deposits, pubescent on the lower surface, lateral veins 10–16 pairs, brochidodromous with the arches closing in the middle of the leaf blade, ca. 1–3.6 mm from the margin; glands immersed on both leaf surfaces; petioles terete, 2.1–4.8 mm long × 0.7–1.2 mm diam. Inflorescence a 3-flowered dichasium, 2–4-flowered raceme or solitary flower, peduncle 0–9.8 mm long; rachis 0–6.7 mm long, hispidulous. Flower bud pyriform, 4–5.2 mm long × 2.9–3.6 mm diam.; bracts linear to navicular, 2.8–4.8 mm long, hispid, deciduous before anthesis; pedicels 0–14 mm long, hispid; bracteoles linear, apex acute, 2.7–5.2 mm long, free, hispid, deciduous before anthesis; hypanthium velutinous, elevated above the level of stylar insertion; calyx lobes 4, unequal, the inner pair oblong, rounded, 4.3–4.7 × 3.5–4 mm, the outer pair ovate, acuminate, 3.5–4.3 × 1.7–2.1 mm, pubescent on the inner face, velutinous on the outer surface, persistent; petals not seen expanded, pubescent on the outer surface and glabrous on the inner surface in bud, glands sparse, sunken; staminal disk densely pubescent, area between the staminal disk and the base of the style pubescent; stamens 140–170, filaments ca. 4 mm long, glabrous to sparsely pilose at the base, anthers oblong to ovate; style 4.4–4.8 mm long, densely hispid at base, sparsely hispid along the rest of its length, stigma punctiform; ovary 2–locular, locules densely velutinous on inner surface, ovules 2–4 per locule. Fruit globose, greyish green when immature, mature not seen, ca. 26.2 mm long × 26.6 mm diam., velutinous, glands inconspicuous; seed 1, testa membranaceous to crustaceous in the immature fruit; embryo oblate, glands inconspicuous, cotyledons plano-convex, unequal, free.

Geographic distribution, habitat and phenology:— Eugenia gastropogena only occurs in the Centro de Diversidade Vegetal de Cabo Frio (sensu Araújo & Henriques 1984) in northern Rio de Janeiro state. Both known collections are from the municipality of Armação dos Búzios ( Figure 3 View FIGURE 3 ). It occurs in low maritime coastal scrub (restinga baixa) not far from the beach; registered altitude (Faria & Staggemeier 2999) was 66 m. It was collected with flower buds, flowers and immature fruits in July and November.

Etymology:—The epithet gastropogena (greek: gastros+podos+gena) means dwelling amongst the gastropods, and refers to the type locality Armação dos Búzios, which means “whaling beach noteworthy for the presence of gastropod shells” in Portuguese.

Conservation status:—This species occurs in an area that is very well collected. The municipality of Armação dos Búzios has an area of ca. 70 km 2 (IBGE 2013) and Specieslink (CRIA 2013), a site that exhibits collections from all major Brazilian herbaria, registered 1654 specimens within its limits. Thus Armação dos Búzios has ca. 23 collections/km 2, a high rate when compared with the Brazilian average of 0,59 collections/km 2 calculated by Sobral & Stehmann (2009). In spite of this, Eugenia gastropogena was collected only twice, in the same place, a good indication of its probable rarity. It is worth noting that Armação dos Búzios is an important tourist town, thus with accelerating anthropic impact on its vegetation. Applying IUCN evaluation criteria to E gastropogena , it presents an extension of occurrence smaller than 100 km 2 (B1), an area of occupation smaller than 10 km 2 (B2), severely fragmented habitat, and is known from a single locality (B2.a), also possible very small, restricted population (D), as inferred by the low number of collections in a well collected locality. We therefore evaluate this species as CR (critically endangered) IUCN (2011).

Paratype:— BRAZIL. RIO DE JANEIRO: Armação dos Búzios, picada do Búzios Bauen Club para a praia de José Gonçalves , 22°48’43’’ S, 41°56’56’’ W, 6 November 2012, Faria, J.E.Q. & Staggemeier, V.G. 2999 ( HUFSJ!, K!, RB!, SP!, UB!) GoogleMaps .