Clivina vulgivaga vulgivaga Boheman, 1858

Clivina vulgivaga vulgivaga Boheman, 1858 View in CoL

( Figs 1 A View Fig , 3 A View Fig , 4 A View Fig , 5 View Fig A-B)

Clivina vulgivaga BOHEMAN, 1858: 9 View in CoL ; PUTZEYS 1863: 31; 1867: 115; ANDREWES, 1926a: 349; 1926b: 371; 1930: 119; CSIKI, 1927: 512; MATSUMURA, 1929: 137; MINOWA, 1932: 287; NAKANE, 1952: 2; 1953: 48; 1978: 2; BALKENOHL, 2001: 17; 2017: 256; 2021c: 536; MORITA, 2008: 60; LORENZ, 2005: 145; 2024: 5 ZB8M; ASTON, 2016: 215;

Clivina humilis MORAWITZ, 1863: 22 View in CoL ; CSIKI, 1927: 512; NAKANE, 1952: 2; 1953: 48; 1978: 3; BALKENOHL, 2001: 17; 2017: 256; 2021c: 536; LORENZ, 2005: 145; 2024: 5 ZB 8M.

REMARK

The 119 specimens investigated fit exactly with the description of C. vulgivaga by BOHEMAN (1858) as well as with the description of C. humilis by MORAWITZ (1863). Morawitz obviously did not know the description of Boheman, because he compared his specimen with C. fossor Linnaeus, 1758 , only. Moreover, the two descriptions fit exactly with the keys, descriptions and figures given in NAKANE (1952; 1953; 1978). In addition, NAKANE (1978) was the first who provided also detailed figures of the median lobe of the aedeagus in dorsal and lateral view, the parameres, and a separate drawing of the teeth visible on the endophallus. I am convinced, the synonymy is correct.

The type material of C. vulgivaga is supposed to be located in the Museum of Stockholm, the single type specimen of C. humilis in the Museum in Saint Petersburg ( ANDREWES, 1926b). Both of them were not available for study at this point in time. Nevertheless they should be rechecked simultaneously when available.

The species is described by BOHEMAN (1858), MORAWITZ (1863), and NAKANE (1952; 1978).

TAXONOMIC REMARK

The very similar taxon Clivina fossor sachalinica Nakane, 1952 is different from C. vulgivaga by the completely missing notches on the anterior margin of the clypeus, and by the missing punctures on the proepisternum and the abdominal sternites. Differences of the male aedeagus are pointed out in NAKANE (1952). The Clivina fossor -species group is handled as a different species group.

MATERIAL INVESTIGATED

JAPAN. 1 ♂, Japan. G.Lewis. 1910-320. / Miyanoshita. 24.IV.-3.V.80. / Clivina vulgivaga BOHEM. det. Balkenohl, III.2023 ( NHMUK); 1 spec., Japan. G.Lewis. 1910-320. / Hokadate. 23.VIII.-29.VIII.80 / Clivina humilis Mor / Clivina vulgivaga BOHEM. det. Balkenohl, III.2023 ( NHMUK); 1 ♂, Japan. G.Lewis. 1910-320. / Kobe 9.VII.-19.VII.81. / Clivina vulgivaga BOHEM. det. Balkenohl, III.2023 ( NHMUK); 1 ♀, 1 spec., Japan. G.Lewis. 1910-320. / Niigata 4.IX.-16.IX.81. / Clivina vulgivaga BOHEM. det. Balkenohl, III.2023 ( NHMUK); 1 spec., Japan. G.Lewis. 1910-320. / 210 / Clivina vulgivaga BOHEM. det. Balkenohl, III.2023 ( NHMUK); 1 spec., Japan. G.Lewis. 1910-320. / 255 / humilis, Mor. / Clivina vulgivaga BOHEM. det. Balkenohl, III.2023 ( NHMUK); 2 specs, Japan, Unzen 32°46’N 130°16’E 28. viii. 1934 Eigin Suenson leg. / ZOOL. MUSEUM DK COPENHAGEN / Clivina humilis Mor. det. Alex. Dostal 1984 ( CADW); 1 spec., same data but 31.viii.1935 ( CADW); 3 specs, Yodogawa Osaka / 23-9-1934 Coll. Y. Yano / No 2406 COLLECTION YOSSIO YANO / Clivina vulgivaga Boh. / Ex coll. J.E.A.Lewis / H.E.Andrewes Coll. B.M. 1945-97. ( NHMUK); 1 spec., R. Yodo Osaka Jap. 30-3-33 Leg. Y. Yano. / Clivina westwoodi Putz ? / Ex coll. J.E.A.Lewis / vulgivaga Boh. det. K. Kult 47 / H.E.Andrewes Coll. B.M. 1945-97. ( NHMUK); 1 spec., Japan. G. Lewis. 1910- 320. / Niigata. 4.IX.-16.IX.81. / Ex coll. Brit. Mus. / Clivina humilis Moraw. H.E.Andrewes det. / H.E.Andrewes Coll. B.M. 1945-97. ( NHMUK); 6 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, JAPAN, HONSHU, IBAKAI Pref. TORIDE 09.08.1982 leg. Seiji MORITA / Clivina vulgivaga Boh. det. Alex. Dostal 1996 ( CADW); 1 spec., Japan, Oita 33°15’N 131°36’E 7.x.1935 Eigin Suenson leg. / Clivina humilis Mor. det. Alex. Dostal 1984 ( CADW); 1 spec., JAPAN Central-Honshu / Nogi IBARAKI Pref. / 5.V.1975 S. Morita leg. / Clivina vulgivaga Bo. Det. S. Morita 1988 ( CADW).

CHINA. 1 ♂, 17 specs, CHINA Foochow 1935- 6 M. S.Yang 198 / Pres.By Imp.Inst.Ent. B.M.1938-626., one of them with add. label: Clivina vulgivaga Boh. det. G.E. Bryant ( NHMUK); 5 specs, China / Bowring. 63.47* / 764 11/12/53 / Ex. Coll. Brit. Mus. / Clivina vulgivaga Boh. H.E.Andrewes det. / H.E.Andrewes Coll. B.M. 1945-97. ( NHMUK); 1 spec., Prov. Fo-Kien ( China). G. Siemssen vend. 14. XI. 1903. / Clin. vulgivaga Boh. / H.E.Andrewes Coll. B.M. 1945-97. ( NHMUK); 1 spec., China / China 77.15. / Clivina vulgivaga Boh. H.E.Andrewes det. ( NHMUK); 2 specs, China, Foochow 26°09’N 119°17’E 20.iv.1935 Eigin Suenson leg. / ZOOL. MUSEUM DK COPENHAGEN / Clivina humilis Mor. det.Alex. Dostal 1989 ( CADW); 1 ♀, CHINA (Yunnan) Baoshan Pref., Gaoligong Shan E pass, 36 km SE Tengshong 2200 m, 24°49’32”N / 98°46’06”E (farm land, under moss, grass, shrubs, under stones) 28.VIII.2009 D.W.Wrase (13) / sp. 3 / COLL. WRASE BERLIN / CLIVINA cfr. vulgivaga Boh. P. Bulirsch det. 2009 / +1 / COLL. WRASE GUSOW-PLATKOW GERM. ( CDWB); 1 spec., CHINA (Yunnan) Baoshan Pref., mount. Range 22 km S Tengshong, 1750 m, 24°49’29”N / 98°29’27”E (second. forest, litter, dead wood, sifted) 2.VI.2007 M.Schülke (18) / COLL. WRASE BERLIN / CLIVINA cfr. vulgivaga Boh. P. Bulirsch det. 2010 / COLL. WRASE GUSOW-PLATKOW GERM. ( CDWB); 1 spec., China / 764 / vulgivaga / MNCN_Ent 392229 ( MNCN).

HONG KONG. 1 ♀, vulgivaga Boh. (Dhrn.) H. Kong / Soc. Ent. Belg. Coll. Putzeys ( RBINS); 1 ♀, Soc. Ent. Belg. Coll. Putzeys, [hswd] ( RBINS); 1 spec., Hong Kong / 5b 157 / 76k 2/11/52 ( NHMUK); 1 ♂, HK Wang Tong Lantan Nov 2010 / coll. Paul Aston Hong Kong China / Clivina vulgivaga Boh 1855 Determined Paul Aston / Clivina vulgivaga BOH. det. Balkenohl, 2015 ( CMBB).

VIETNAM. 1 ♀, Tonkin, Hanoi. II.1918 R.V. de Salavaza. / Brit. Mus. 1921-89 / Clivina helferi-group det. Balkenohl, 2017 ( NHMUK); 1 ♂, Vietnam - Ba Be National Park light trap, close to river N 22°23’32.6” E 105°36’52.9” 130m 21.X.2018 – A. Faille & P.V.Phu / Clivina helferi PUTZ. -group ( SMNS); 1 spec., same data ( CMBB); 1 ♀, same data as before ( SMNS); 1 ♀, Vietnam – Cao Bang, Trung Khanh, Dam Thuy, Dong Nguron Ngaoi N 22°50’44.2” E 106°42’19.4” 417m 19.X.2016 A. Faille, V.T. Tu & P.V. Phu / Clivina helferi PUTZ. -group ( SMNS); 1 ♂, Tonkin. Hanoi. 15.x.1923 H.Stephens. / Sladen-Godman Trust Exped. B.M.1924- 329. ( NHMUK); 2 specs, Tonkin. Guang Yen. 2.5.1916. and 8.5.1916 R.V.de Salvaza. / 1918- 1 / Clivina vulgivaga Boh. det. K. Kult 47 / H.E.Andrewes Coll. B.M. 1945-97. ( NHMUK); 1 spec., Tonkin. June 1917 R.V.de Salvaza. / 1918-1 ( NHMUK); 1 spec., Tonkin. Bao-Ha. 27.X.1923. H.Stevens. / Sladen-Godman Trust Exped. B.M.1924-329 / Clivina vulgivaga Boh. det. K. Kult 47 ( NHMUK); 4 specs, Hoo-Binh Tonkin / Bought Donekier / H.E.Andrewes Coll. B.M. 1945-97.; one of them with following additional labels: Gesch. 6. 1938 von Andrewes / Clivina vulgivaga Boh. H.E.Andrewes det. / F. van Emden Bequest, B.M. 1960-129. / vulgivaga Boh. (NHMUK) ; 1 spec., N VIETNAM HANOI 4.- 6.5.1990 JAE HORǺK Leg. ( CADW); 1 ♀, 3 specs, VIETNAM N Hanoi VI-1991 Strnad Jan leg. ( CADW); 1 ♂, VIETNAM N Sa-Pa Hoang Lien Son prov. 11.-19.VI. 1990 1500m Strnad Jan lgt. ( CADW); 1 spec., N VIET NAM ( Tonkin) pr. Hoang Lien Son YEN BAI 10.V.1990 P. PacholÁtko leg. ( CADW); 3 specs, Tonkin / Rolle 1917 ( CADW).

THAILAND. 1 ♂, SIAM Paknomphoh XI. 1933 W.R.S.Ladell / Ex Imp. Inst.Ent./ H.E.Andrewes Coll. B.M.1945-97. / Clivina sp. ? H.E. Andrewwes det. / Clivina helferi-group det. Balkenohl, 2017 ( NHMUK).

LAOS. 1 ♀, NE-LAOS Hua Phan prov. Ban Saleui, Phou Pan Mt. 20°12’N 104°01’E 23.04.- 15.05.2008, 1500-1900m, leg. C. Holzschuh ( CADW) GoogleMaps .

COMPENDIOUS DESCRIPTION

A medium sized rufo-piceous species with apex of elytron brightened and with the following measurements: body length 5.54–6.57 mm (x = 6.02 mm *), width 1.52–1.79 mm (x = 1.69 mm *), ratio L/W of pronotum 0.92–1.0 (x = 0.97*), ratio L/W of elytra 1.87–2.08 (x = 1.96*); (*n = 10). Labrum seven-setose, straight anteriorly. Median part of clypeus more or less distinctly separated from clypeal wings. Eye moderately convex, gena distinct. Clypeo-frontal furrow distinct. Neck constriction just not closed, formed laterally by punctures. Frons convex, with longitudinal punctured impression at middle. Pronotum ( Fig. 3 A View Fig ) distinctly convex in frontal view, in dorsal view with lateral margin slightly attenuating anteriorly with straight parts anterior middle, widest and distinctly convex at beginning of basal third, bilaterally with punctures resembling more or less to the letter Y, the stalk of the Y slightly impressed, with some scattered punctures on the whole surface, at base widely isodiametrically reticulated; proepisternum with isodiametric reticulation, transverse wrinkles and with punctures. Elytra ( Fig. 1 A View Fig ) with shape long-oval, with maximum width behind middle, intervals moderately convex, interval seven and eight with isodiametric reticulation, all others smooth and glossy. Base and tip of apex reticulated. Interval three with small tubercle at base, eight apically indistinctly carinate. Striae less deep apically, intervals less convex apically. Abdominal sternite isodiametrically reticulated and with punctures. Hind wing fully developed.

Male genitalia ( Fig. 4 A View Fig ). Aedeagus formed like a longitudinal arcuate spoon, hollowed out laterally, slightly widened towards apex, with spatula at middle. Endophallus with wider group of teeth. Parameres moderately slender, with four setae at apex.

Female gonocoxite and epipleurite ( Fig. 5 View Fig A-B). Female gonocoxites falciform, robust, distinctly sclerotized, with gonocoxite one and two completely fused, in apical half sickle-like in cross section, straight basally, regularly convex apically, distinctly longer than ramus of epipleurite, with one robust and six smaller nematiform seta. Epipleurite triangular, with six medium sized, one small marginal, and one basal setae (in total seven setae).

Variation. The median part of the clypeus is slightly excised in some specimens, at the clypeus the notches between the median part and wings are more or less deep, the pore on the frons of head is more or less punctured. The neck constriction differs in the number and extend of punctures. On the disk of the pronotum, the Y-like punctures pattern is more or less developed. In some of the specimens, the reticulation of interval seven is reduced by half of the interval, in a few others it extends slightly to interval six. On the elytron, the carina on interval eight of the elytron varies in length and sharpness, in one specimen from China there are five setigerous punctures on interval three at one side.

DISTRIBUTION

The species is found from the Kuril Islands over Japan, the East of China, Hong Kong up to the North of Vietnam and north-eastern parts of Laos.

REMARK

ANDREWES (1926a, 1930) and LOUWERENS (1967) listed C. vulgivaga for the Philippine Islands, quoted by BALKENOHL (2021c). These records are in need for a critical view. All of the specimens from the Philippine Islands curated in the NHMUK and determined there as C. vulgivaga (males and females) have been shown to represent Clivina wallacei philippinensis Kult, 1951 . LOUWERENS (1967) mentioned “ Clivina vulgivaga Boh. The small species is, as far as I know, restricted to the Philippines.” This, although the species was described from Hong Kong and China. Therefore, occurrence of this species on the Philippine Islands is questionable and needs confirmation.