Clivina Latreille, 1802

Genus Clivina Latreille, 1802 View in CoL

Identification key to the Clivina View in CoL vulgivaga-, mekongensis-, and westwoodi- species groups with key to the species of the vulgivaga View in CoL - and mekongensis View in CoL -species groups

1. Female gonocoxites falciform, robust, almost evidently sclerotized, with gonocoxite one and two almost or completely fused ( Fig. 5 View Fig A-M); aedeagus formed like a longitudinal spoon, widened from middle to apex ( Fig. 4 View Fig A-D, F, G); pronotum and elytron convex in frontal view, often subcylindrical, almost smooth and glossy (with exception of punctures on the pronotum in some species and baso-lateral reticulation); tarsomeres of front and intermediate leg of regular size, not widened. Species from New Guinea / Papua: aedeagus acuminated towards apex, with club-like dilatation at apex, elytron with intervals either smooth or all of them reticulated, tarsomeres of front leg widened. C. vulgivaga- species group ................................................................................................................................. 3

- Female gonocoxites falciform, robust, evidently sclerotized, with gonocoxite one and two dimer and movable ( Fig. 5 N View Fig ); apex of aedeagus formed like a thickened spatula (Fig. 40); pronotum and elytron slightly flattened, surface distinctly structured; tarsomeres of front and intermediate leg of regular size, not widened. C. mekongensis- species group ......... 2

- Female gonocoxites scapiform, frail, almost hyaline, with gonocoxite one and two distinctly dimer and movable, aedeagus acuminated at apex; pronotum and elytron moderately convex, flattened or depressed, with wider parts of isodiametric reticulation, and/or pronotum with rugose pattern; tarsomeres of front and intermediate leg more or less widened. C. westwoodi- species group ..............................................(see catalogue below)

2. Pronotum extraordinary square, slightly longer than wide, basal part of lateral margin slanted flatly, base indistinctly produced posteriorly, with posterior angles somewhat rounded and less protruding laterally than lateral margin, lateral margin nearly smooth; ventral and dorsal surface completely reticulated and opaque, head and pronotum with coreaceate surface; third interval of elytron with 3 setigerous punctures, first interval with apical setigerous puncture; body length 7.3-7.4 mm; N-Laos, Luang Prabang, N-Vietnam ............................................................................................... C. mekongensis Lesne, 1896 View in CoL

3. Elytron with more than 4 dorsal setigerous punctures, with interval eight either completely carinate or costate at middle and carinate at extremities ................................................... 4

- Elytron with the regular 4 dorsal setigerous punctures, with interval eight carinate at apex and at humerus ( vulgivaga View in CoL somewhat variable but always carinate at apex) .................... 5

4. Elytron with interval 2 with preapical setigerous puncture adjoining stria 2, and interval 3 with 4 dorsal setigerous punctures, with interval 8 completely carinate, frons of head with large flattened somewhat raised area similar to an inverted horseshoe; basal two-thirds of each side of pronotum with distinct puncture pattern in form of the Greek letter gamma and prolonged anteriorly at sides; abdominal sternites with isodiametric reticulation; body length 4.5-5.5 mm; North of India, Nepal, North of Vietnam (Hanoi)................................. ................................................................................................... C. gamma Andrewes, 1929 View in CoL - Elytron with interval 3 with 5 setigerous punctures, with interval 8 costate at middle and carinate at humerus and apex; frons of head moderately convex and with irregular rugae; basal two-thirds of each side of pronotum with distinct longitudinal impression and a few punctures; abdominal sternites with medium sized punctures; body length 4.5-5.5 mm; North of Laos, Luang Prabang ................................................... C. antoni Balkenohl., 2018 View in CoL

5. Eye distinctly shortened, directed distinctly anteriorly; gena enlarged, prolonged posteriorly; proepisternum coreaceate; trochanter of front leg with acute tubercle pointing anteriorly; species from New Guinea / Papua ..................................................................................... 6

- Eye not shortened, directed laterally as usual; gena not enlarged (exception C. angusticollis spec. nov. from Brunei with flattened but not frontally directed eye and slightly enlarged gena); proepisternum with surface isodiametrically reticulated with or without lateral transverse wrinkles and in some species with punctures .................................................. 10

6. Pronotum distinctly elongated with lateral margins nearly parallel and indistinctly concave at end of anterior third; head with frons completely covered with medium sized punctures; E/G 9:7; body length 5.8-6.5 mm; New Guinea................. C. puncticeps View in CoL Darlington, 1962

- Pronotum about as long as wide with lateral margins convex; head with frons either smooth or covered with medium sized punctures........................................................................... 7

7. Elytron with all intervals smooth, glossy; frons of head smooth; pronotum with basal transverse channel slightly widened; E/G 7:4; body length 4.5-5.5 mm; New Guinea.................................................................................................... C. deleta View in CoL Darlington, 1962

- Elytron with interval eight or with more intervals reticulated; frons of head smooth or with distinct punctures; pronotum with basal channel narrow, developed as usual ................... 8

8. Elytron with all intervals reticulated, reticulation becoming weak towards first interval; eye small, E/G 10:11; body length 4.5-5.5 mm; New Guinea...... C. dealata brachyptera View in CoL Darlington, 1962

• Specimens from Papua, Kiunga, Fly River: Eye somewhat larger, E/G 8:4; hind wings fully developed; body length 5.0- 5.5 mm; New Guinea..... C. dealata antecessor View in CoL Darlington, 1962

- Elytron with interval eight reticulated, eye larger, E/G 7:4, 4:1........................................ 9

9. Frons of head covered with medium sized punctures; eye in lateral view like an oval stripe, E/G 5:3; pronotum with anterior transverse line distinct, with lateral margin subcrenulated, with posterior angles distinctly visible; body length 4.3-5.2 mm ........................................................ ............................................................................................. C. dealata dealata View in CoL Darlington, 1962

- Frons of head smooth; eye in lateral view nearly circular, E/G 4:1; pronotum with anterior transverse line obsolete, with lateral margin smooth, with posterior angles indistinct and nearly rounded off; body length 5.15 mm; New Guinea...................... C. maierae sp. nov.

10. Elytron with interval 8 smooth, glossy, with apex smooth; colour fuscous; trochanter of front femur with tubercle apically pointing anteriorly; body length 3.5-5.25 mm; India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, parts of Malaysia................. C. helferi Putzeys, 1867 View in CoL

- Elytron with interval 8 with isodiametric reticulation, more or less opaque, with apex reticulated, opaque (reticulation in some cases indistinct in C. pileolata View in CoL , in few cases extending on interval 7 in C. vulgivaga View in CoL ); colour piceous but at apex and lateral margin of elytron often brightened, larger species ............................................................................ 11

11. Pronotum square, disk with numerous irregularly scattered medium sized punctures, lateral margin subcrenulated; neck constriction developed as wide band of punctures, body length 5.8-6.5 mm; S-Vietnam............................................................... C. namcattiensis sp. nov.

- Pronotum rectangular, seemingly longer than wide, disk bilaterally with cloud of scattered punctures resembling more or less to the letter Y, lateral margin smooth; neck constriction with some punctures laterally and smooth at middle or developed at middle as narrow irregular line of punctures................................................................................................ 12

12. Clypeus with central part and clypeal-wings separated by more or less distinct obtuse notches; frons of head convex, smooth, with central pore often longitudinally punctured; eye regularly convex; colour piceous but with apex of elytron brightened; gonocoxites robust, ensiform, sickle-like in cross section, straight basally, regularly convex apically, distinctly longer than ramus of epipleurite, epipleurite with seven setae; body length 5.54–6.57 mm; Japan, Taiwan, E- and SE- China, Hong Kong, N-Vietnam, NE-Laos .................. C. vulgivaga vulgivaga Boheman, 1858 View in CoL

• Specimens from Singapore: head with neck constriction closed by band of punctures, with slight step; pronotum with lateral margin slightly concave at attenuated part in anterior half; elytron with striae posteriorly widened, flattened, with irregular reticulation; isodiametric reticulation in posterior half of elytron more intense laterally and at interval one; gonocoxites small, stick-like in cross section, straight, slightly hooked apically, slightly longer than ramus of epipleurite, epipleurite with six setae; body length 5.97 mm; Singapore............ .................................................................................... C. vulgivaga latastriata ssp. nov.

• Specimens from India: head with neck constriction not completely closed by punctures; pronotum seemingly longer; elytron with apex completely isodiametrically reticulated; gonocoxites small, stick-like in cross section, regularly convex, as long or slightly shorter than ramus of epipleurite, epipleurite with six setae; body length 5.89-6.31 mm; India.... ........................................................................................ C. vulgivaga brevicoxita ssp. nov.

- Clypeus with central part and clypeal-wings separated by distinct notches; frons of head with flattened pentagonal area; eye semicircular projecting laterally; trochanter of front femur with tubercle apically pointing anteriorly, colour uniformly piceous; body length 5.5-6.5 mm; Assam, Myanmar...................................................... C. pileolata Bates, 1892

Species taxonomic account

The Clivina vulgivaga -species group

RECOGNITION

Pronotum and elytra subcylindrical. Female gonocoxites one and two fused, falciform, evidently sclerotized. Epipleurite formed by stable velum. Labrum seven-setose, clypeus with median part separated from clypeal wings by notches. Elytron with striae one to four ending free at base, intervals with four or five setigerous punctures, interval eight more or less carinate posterior humerus and apically. Abdomen with last visible abdominal sternite (segment VII) with the two marginal setigerous punctures widely separated. Intermediate tibia with distinct protuberance at apical third, tarsomeres of front and intermediate leg of regular size. Hind wing fully developed, species from New Guinea / Papua also with reduced alae.

Colour piceous or fuscous, dorsal surface glossy, in some species with areas of isodiametric reticulation. Species from New Guinea / Papua have the tarsomeres of front legs widened. For more details see descriptions of the single species.