Grishin, Grishin, 2024

Diogenia View in CoL Grishin , new subgenus

http://zoobank.org/ A49E23F7-2EA1-4A4A-BDB8-2E38D326C3E5

Type species. Emesis diogenia Prittwitz, 1865 View in CoL .

Definition. In our first attempt to rationalize the genetic diversity of Emesis View in CoL [Fabricius], 1807, we took a conservative approach and minimized the number of new subgenus names. As a result, we combined two phenotypically distinct clades in a subgenus that already had an available name: Aphacitis Hübner, [1819] . However, due to the recognizability of these two clades by observers in the field and the rather prominent genetic differentiation between them, each clade represents a subgenus of its own ( Fig. 6 View Figure 6 ). The clade consisting of closer relatives of Emesis lucinda (Cramer, 1775) View in CoL (type locality in Suriname) corresponds to the subgenus Aphacitis . Its species are recognizable by their large size, bright orange ground color of ventral side in males (paler to pale yellow and nearly white in females) with a flipped-L, concave on the sides, brown postdiscal forewing band in both sexes and usually a large nearly white apical forewing spot in females. The second clade does not have an available name. Callaghan et al. (2024) demonstrated the utility of this clade as a taxonomic unit when they discussed species in this clade separately from Aphacitis , mentioning phenotypic similarity between them. Thus, this clade corresponds to a new subgenus. This new subgenus differs from its relatives by a combination of the following characters: the ventral side is mostly orange (females can be yellow or pale yellow) or with large orange bands and patches on wings, without a strong flipped-L postdiscal brown band on forewing and females are without a large, white forewing apical spot, submarginal spots on ventral hindwing usually well-developed and frequently larger near the apex and tornus, forewing postdiscal spots are mostly joined in a band composed of inverted crescents; aedeagus is shorter and stronger curved. In DNA, a combination of the following characters is diagnostic in the nuclear genome: cne5008.7.3:A87G, cne5008.7.3:C124A, cne7265.2.1:T165C, cne7265.2.1:T168C, cne7265.2.1:C40A, and in COI barcode: T49A, A130T, 517T, T538A.

Etymology. The name is tautonymous with the type species name and is a feminine noun in the nominative singular.

Species included. The type species (i.e., Emesis diogenia Prittwitz, 1865 ), Emesis vulpina Godman and Salvin, 1886 , Emesis tegula Godman and Salvin, 1886 , Emesis heteroclita Stichel, 1929 , and Emesis hypoaithos Callaghan, Trujano-Ortega, and Ríos-Málaver, 2024 .

Parent taxon. Genus Emesis [Fabricius], 1807.