Empis (Enoplempis) poplitea Loew, 1902

Empis (Enoplempis) poplitea Loew View in CoL

( Figs 332–337 View FIGURES 331–335 View FIGURES 336–337 , 354 View FIGURES 353–354 )

Empis poplitea Loew, 1863: 16 View in CoL . Type-locality: Sitka , Alaska, USA.

Empis serperatrorum Melander, 1902: 324 . Type-locality (by lectotype designation): Juliaetta, Idaho, USA.

Empis serperatrorum : Melander, 1902: 353 (synonym); Melander, 1928: 170 (synonym).

E. (Enoplempis) poplitea View in CoL : Melander, 1928: 142 (assigned to subgenus Enoplempis ).

Empis poplitea View in CoL : Melander, 1965: 460 (catalogue); Yang et al., (2007): 139 (catalogue).

Type material examined. Empis poplitea : LECTOTYPE (here designated in order to fix identity of the species), ♂ labelled: “ Type / 1096 [red label with white top border]”; “ Sitka [Alaska]”; “ Loew ”; “poplitea ”; “ LECTOTYPE / Empis poplitea Loew / des. Sinclair , Brooks &/ Cumming 2025 [red label]” ( MCZ) [poor condition: wings broken off; one wing and legs glued to card below specimen] . PARALECTOTYPE: Same data as lectotype; “54.” [dissected; legs, head, wings glued to card below specimen] (1♂, MCZ) .

Empis serperatrorum : LECTOTYPE (here designated in order to fix identity of the species), ♂ labelled: “ Juliaetta [46°34′N 116°42′W]/ Idaho ”; “ Empis / serperatroruma/ Mel. [handwritten]/”; “ JM Aldrich/ Coll”; “Cotype/ No. 41822/ U.S.N.M. [red label]”; “ LECTOTYPE / Empis (Enoplempis) / serperatrorum Melander / des. Sinclair, Brooks & Cumming 2025 [red label]” ( USNM) GoogleMaps . PARALECTOTYPES: USA. Colorado: (5♂, 1♀, USNM) . Larimer County: Fort Collins [40°33′N 105°4′W], 11.v.1900, Johnson (1♀, USNM) GoogleMaps ; Longs Peak Inn [40.3397°N 105.5735°W], 25.vi., Cockerell (1♂, 1♀, USNM) GoogleMaps . Idaho: Latah County: Same data as lectotype (4♂, 6♀, USNM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, (1♂, USNM = E. podagra ) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 12.v.1902 (1♀, USNM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, C.W. Johnson (2♂, USNM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, W.M. Wheeler (2♂, AMNH) GoogleMaps ; Moscow [46°48ʹN 116°52ʹW], 1.vi.1900 (2♂, 2♀, USNM) ; Peck (1♂, 1♀, USNM) ; Troy [46°44′N 116°46′W], 4.v.1899 (1♂, USNM = E. podagra ) GoogleMaps . Nez Perce County: Craig’s Mt. [46°09′N 116°44′W] (1♀, USNM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, W.M. Wheeler (1♀, AMNH) GoogleMaps .

Notes on type specimens. Melander (1902) based E. serperatrorum on 90 specimens of both sexes from Colorado and Idaho. Thirty-three probable syntypes were identified from USNM and AMNH, but only six bore red cotype labels. Three specimens from Colorado with cotype labels attached were collected in 1908, which is after the date of publication and consequently do not represent syntypes. In addition, two specimens with attached cotype labels from Juliaetta and Troy , Idaho, respectively, are E. podagra .

In a section following the descriptions (“Additional Notes and Descriptions”), Melander (1902, p. 338) stated that he was able to examine the types of specimens described by Loew during the proof stage of the publication, which resulted in a number of synonyms, including recognition that E. serperatrorum was conspecific with E. poplitea Loew ( Melander 1902, p. 353) . The catalogue (p. 355), figure caption (p. 362) and index (p. 364) all included this update.

Additional material examined. CANADA. British Columbia: Agassiz [49°14′N 121°46′W], 1.v.1920 (1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 5.v.1920 (1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 11.v.1922, R. Glendenning (1♂, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 1.v.1924 (1♂, 2♀, USNM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 4.v.1925 (1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 2.v.1926 (1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 4.v.1927 (1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 28.iv.1927, H.H. Ross (2♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 30.iv.1927 (1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 6.v.1927 (1♂, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 7.v.1927 (1♂, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Bowser [49°26′N 124°40′W], 31.v.1955, J. R. McGillis (1♂, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 7.vi.1955 (1♂, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Cultus Lk. [49.0583°N 121.9667°W], 24.v.1965, F. Schmid (1♂, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Fraser Valley [49°06′N 122°17′W], 6.v.1921 (1♂, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 10.viii.1921 (1♂, 1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Gordon Head [48°29′N 123°19′W], 30.iv.1918, W. Downs (2♀, RBCM) GoogleMaps ; Graham Is., Slatechuck Mt [53.261°N 132.237°W], summit, 1975 m, 19.vii.1988, T. A. Wheeler (1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Haida Gwaii , Hot Spring Is. [52.5789°N 131.4388°W], 11.vi.1981, R. A. Cannings (1♀, RBCM) GoogleMaps ; Haida Gwaii, Tlell [53.562°N 131.929°W], 25.v.1957, E.E. MacDougall (1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Haida Gwaii, Masset [54.0131°N 132.1492°W], 8.vi.1957, E.E. MacDougall (1♂, 1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Haida Gwaii , Sgaang Gwaii Is., 52°05′40″N 131°13′32″W, Allombert, Sylvain, #: ZG-01-001 (2♂, RBCM) GoogleMaps ; Kaslo (49°54′N 116°54′W) (1♂, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Metchosin , Matheson Lk. [48.3604°N 123.5951°W], 9.iv.1988, C.S.Guppy (1♀, RBCM) GoogleMaps ; Miracle Beach [49.851°N 125.095°W], nr Oyster River , 11.v.1955, J. R. McGillis (1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Mt Douglas [48.4933°N 123.3453°W], 19.iv.1918, W. Downs (1♂, RBCM) GoogleMaps ; Oliver [49°11′N 119°33′W], 7.v.1926, C.B. Garrett (1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 26.v.1923 (1♂, USNM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 2.vi.1923 (1♂, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Remo , 7 mi. SW Terrace [54.4866°N 128.7143°W], 13.vi.1960, JGC (2♂, 1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Royal Oak [48.4901°N 123.3986°W], 26.iv.1917, R. C. Treherne (1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Savary Is. [49.9401°N 124.8108°W], 4.iv.1926 (1♂, UBCZ) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 1.iv.1929 (1♂, UBCZ) GoogleMaps ; same data except, “ The Meadow ” W of Beacon Pt, 11.iv.2000, SGC (1♂, RBCM) GoogleMaps ; Shames , 18 mi. SW Terrace [54°29′N 128°57′W], 23.vi.1960, B. Heming, on flowers of Heracleum lanatum (1♂, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Skidegate [53°16′N 131°59′W], 4.ix.1921, C.H. Crickmay (1♂, UBCZ) GoogleMaps ; Smithers [54°46′N 127°10′W], 450–500 m, 22.vi.1978, N.L.H. Krauss (1♂, 1♀, AMNH) GoogleMaps ; South Pender Is., Gowland Pt [48.737°N 123.184°S], 29.iv.1979, R. A. Cannings (1♀, UBCZ) ; Terrace [54°30′N 128°35′W], 31.v.1960, B. Heming (2♂, 3♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, R. J. Pilfrey (1♂, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, CHM (1♂, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 8.vi.1960, JGC (1♂, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 10.vi.1960, CHM (1♂, CNC) GoogleMaps ; 32 mi. SW Terrace [54°20′N 129°17′W], 6.vi.1960, JGC, in cut over area (1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, wet poplar cedar bush (river flats) (1♂, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Gagnon Rd , 6 mi. W Terrace [54°29′N 128°44′W], 220 ft, 24.vi.1960, B. Heming, in clearing nr river (1♂, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, W.W. Moss, in dandelion meadow (1♂, 1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 20.vi.1960, JGC (1♂ with Bibionidae prey, 1♂, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, B. Heming (1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, W.W. Moss, on buttercup (5♂, 2♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 23.vi.1960, JGC (1♂ with Bibionidae prey, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 24.vi.1960, CHM (1♂, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Terrace, Spring Ck [54°30′N 128°35′W], 11.vi.1960, CHM (1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Vancouver [49°15′N 123°06′W] (1♂, RBCM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 4.v.1912 (1♂, 1♀, mounted as pair, RBCM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 20.iv.1924, K.F. Auden (2♀, UBCZ) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 13.v.1935 (1♂, RBCM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 203, Livingston , 20.iv.1896 (1♀, USNM) GoogleMaps ; Vernon [50.267°N 119.272°W], 16.v.1960, H. R. Foxlee (1♂, UBCZ) GoogleMaps ; Victoria [48°25′N 123°21′W] (1♀, RBCM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 20.iv.1916, R.C. Treherne (1♂, USNM; 1♂, 1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 30.iv.1916, A.E. Cameron (1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 1.v.1917 (1♂, 1♀, CNC; 1♀, DEBU) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 14.iv.1919, W. Downes (1♀, DEBU) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 3.v.1919, W.B. Anderson (1♂, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, Ten Mile Pt, 3.v.1987, R. A. Cannings (1♀, RBCM) GoogleMaps ; Wellington [49°12′N 124°00′W], 4.v.1949, R. Guppy (1♂, 1♀, mounted as pair in copula, CAS; 1♂, CAS) GoogleMaps ; Zymagotitz R, 6 mi. W Terrace [54°28′N 128°44′W], 190 ft, 20.vi.1960, R. Pilfrey (1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps . USA. Alaska: Kodiak Island Borough: Chowiet Island ( Aleutian ), 56°02.097′N 156°44.419′W, 10.vii.2009, prairie meadow, sweeping, Goulet & Boudreault (51♂, 39♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Chowiet Island , 56.036800°N 156.736420°W, 10.vii.2009, swp, A. Renaud (1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Chowiet Island , 56.034530°N 156.733840°W, 71m, 10.vii.2009, A.Renaud (1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Chowiet Island , 56.036500°N 156.736620°W, 16 m, 10.vii.2009, swp, A. Renaud (1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Chowiet Island , 56.035560°N 156.737660°W, 31 m, 10.vii.2009, swp, A. Renaud (1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Chowiet Island , 56.036670°N 156.736420°W, 16 m, 10.vii.2009, swp tall forb meadow, A. Renaud (1♂, 2♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Kodiak [57°47′N 152°23′W], 20.vii.1899, Harriman Expedition ’99, T. Kincaid (1♂, USNM) GoogleMaps ; Kukak Bay [58.3137°N 154.2848°W], 4.vii.1899, Harriman Expedition ’99, T. Kincaid (12♂, 2♀, USNM) GoogleMaps ; Sitka Borough : Sitka [57°03′N 135°20′W], 16.vi.1899, Harriman Expedition ’99, T. Kincaid (1♂, 1♀, USNM) GoogleMaps ; Sitka , 12.vii.1898, T. Kincaid (1♀, CNC) . Skagway Borough: Skagway, Pullen Ck , 30 m, 59.45189°N 135.31778°W, grass, birch, willow, raspberry, alder, cottonwood, sweep, 13.v.2016, UAM100435226 View Materials (1♀, UAM) GoogleMaps . Yakutat Borough: Yakutat [59°32′N 139°43′W], 21.vi.1899, Harriman Expedition ’99, T. Kincaid (1♂, USNM) GoogleMaps . Arizona: White Mts, Greer [34.009°N 109.458°W], 9000 ft, 21.vi.1947, J.L. Sperry (1♀, USNM) GoogleMaps . California: Modoc County: Buck Ck Rgr Sta. [41.8723°N 120.2926°W], 5150 ft, 5–7.vi.1970, Ranunculus, J.A. Chemsak (1♂, EMEC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, flight trap, P. A. Rude (1♀, EMEC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 8–10.vi.1970, J.A. Chemsak (1♀, EMEC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 11–13.vi.1970, JAP (1♂, 1♀, EMEC) GoogleMaps . Santa Clara County : Colorado: Colo , 2019, Baker (1♀, USNM) . Boulder County: Boulder [40°00′N 105°16′W], 10.v.1926 (1♀, CAS) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 4.5 mi. N, 10.vi.1961, J. R. Stainer (1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, Flagstaff Cn., 5800 ft, CHM (1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Corona Pass [39°56′N 105°40′W], 10600 ft, 11.viii.1961, JGC (1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Ward , 810. viii.1919, F.4407B, about 40°4′N 105°33′W, 10500 ft (1♀, AMNH) GoogleMaps . Clear Creek County: Chicago Ck [39.6898°N 105.6457°W], 8800 ft, 5.viii.1961, BHP (1♂, CNC) GoogleMaps . Clear Creek / Summit County: Loveland Pass [39.6638°N 105.8791°W], 12000 ft Summit , 7.viii.1961, JGC (2♂, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 10.viii.1973, 11700–12000 ft, JAP (1♂, EMEC) GoogleMaps . Custer County: 12.viii.[no year], 10000 ft, R. H. Painter (1♂, USNM) . Grand County: Agnes Lk. [40.3548°N 106.5926°W], 21.viii.1940, R. H. Painter (1♂, 3♀, USNM) GoogleMaps ; Arapaho NF, Berthoud Pass , 39°48′47″N 105°46′11″W, 3644 m, 23.vii.2012, Li Shi (4♂, 3♀, CSCA) GoogleMaps ; Rollins Pass Rd , 8 km ENE Winter Pk, 39°56′N 105°41′W, 3.viii.1999, 3620 m, S.L. & S.M.L. Heydon (3♂, 3♀, UCDC) GoogleMaps . Gunnison County: Cottonwood Pass [38.8285°N 106.4093°W], 12100 ft, 29.vii.1961, BHP (2♂, 4♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, JGC, in tundra (2♂, 3♀, CNC) GoogleMaps . Jackson County: Cameron Pass [40°31′N 105°53′W], 20.viii.1941, V. M. Tanner (2♂, 1♀, BYU) GoogleMaps ; Cameron Pass , 11000 ft, 14.viii.1962, R. M. Bohart (1♂, UCDC) ; Cameron Pass , 19–22.viii.1940, Sabrosky (1♂, 2♀, USNM) ; Cameron Pass , 11800 ft, 31.vii., Col. (1♀, USNM) ; Old Teller City [40.4316°N 106.0059°W], 11.viii.1964, F.C. Harmston (1♂, USNM) GoogleMaps ; Golden [39°44′N 105°12′W], 10.vi., E.J. Oslar (1♂ with Rhamphomyia prey, USNM) GoogleMaps ; Golden , 30.iv.1988, R. S. Peigler (1♂, 1♀, LACM) . Lake County: Independence Pass [39°06′N 106°33′W], 31.vii.1961, Tundra, JGC (5♂, 8♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 7.viii.1961 (3♂, 2♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, CHM (6♂, 3♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 31.vii.1961, BHP (1♂, 2♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 8.viii.1961 (4♂, 5♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Independence Pass , 21.vii.1962, F.C. Harmston (2♀, USNM) ; Kenosha Pass [39°24′N 105°45′W], 20.v.1964, F.C. Harmston (1♂, USNM) GoogleMaps . Larimer County: Rocky Mtn NP [40.3466°N 105.7364°W], 24.viii.1967, F.C. Harmston (11♂, USNM) GoogleMaps ; Trail Ridge Rd, 11000ft, 25.viii.1933, Rocky Mountain NP, M. & H. James (1♂, USNM) . Mineral County: Wolf Ck Pass [37°29′N 106°48′W], meadow, 10850 ft, 15.viii.1983, PHA (6♂, 3♀, CAS) GoogleMaps . Ouray County: Red Mt. [37°54′N 107°41′W], 11000 ft, 22.vii.1934, C.P. Alexander (1♀, AMNH) GoogleMaps . Park / Summit County: Hoosier Pass [39°21′N 106°03′W], 22.vii.1959, F.C. Harmston (1♂, USNM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 12000 ft, 8.viii.1961, BHP (1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps . Park County: Jefferson [39°22′N 105°48′W], 9400 ft, 14.vii.1961, W. R. M. Mason (1♂, CNC) GoogleMaps . Saguache County: Marshall Pass [38°23′N 106°14′W], 28.vii.1908, 10856 ft (2♂, 1?, USNM) GoogleMaps . San Juan County: S of Silverton [37°48′N 107°39′W], Molas-Elk Ck Trails, 26– 29.vii.1985, J. Jenkins (1♀, WSU) GoogleMaps ; Grenadier Range [37.7314°N 107.5820°W], Vestal Ck, 27.vii.1985, 10000– 11000 ft, J. Jenkins (1♀, WSU) GoogleMaps . San Miguel County: Cornet Ck, Telluride , 37°55′N 107°45′W, 11000 ft, 9.vii.1919, F4375D (1♂, 1♀, AMNH) GoogleMaps . Summit County: Boston Mine area [39.4137°N 106.1395°W], headwaters of Mayflower Ck, ~ 12000 ft, 22.vii, 2014, swp alpine meadows, SJF (6♂, 3♀, CNC) GoogleMaps . Idaho: Bonner County: Saddle Ck , 2 mi. N Priest Lk. [48.9726°N 116.7180°W], 5.v.1966, M.A. Brusven (1♂, 1♀, WFBM) GoogleMaps . Bonneville County: 12 mi. NE Swan Valley [43°27′N 111°21W], 23.vi.1964, WFB (2♂, 3♀, WFBM) GoogleMaps . Caribou County: 5 mi. E Wayan [42°58′N 111°22′W], 23.vi.1967, H.C. Manis (1♂, WFBM) GoogleMaps . Elmore County: Dixie [43°19′N 115°26′W], 21.iv.1980, D.E. Foster (1♂, 1♀, WFBM) GoogleMaps . Franklin County: Franklin [42°1′N 111°48′W], Cub Cyn, 1.vi.1948, G.E. Bohart (1♂, UCDC) GoogleMaps . Idaho County: Lawyer Ck [46.1667°N 116.2634°W], 24.v.1979, J.L. Littlefield (1♂, WFBM) GoogleMaps ; Ferdinand [46°9′N 116°23′W], 8.vi.1958 (1♂, WFBM) GoogleMaps ; 4 mi. S White Bird [45°45′N 116°18′W], 4.vi.1960, A. R. Gittins (1♀, WFBM) GoogleMaps . Latah County: 3 mi. S Deary [46°48′N 116°33′W], 14.v.1959, 2775 ft, B.A. Foote (1♂, WFBM) GoogleMaps ; St. Joe NF, Emerald Ck Cpgd [47.0065°N 116.3273°W], along Emerald Ck, 24.vi.1978, DDW (1♂, 1♀, CAS) GoogleMaps ; 4 mi. E Genesee [46°33′N 116°55′W], 13.v.1959, B.A. Foote (3♂, 1♀, WFBM) GoogleMaps ; 3 mi. S Helmer [46°48ʹN 116°28ʹW], 22.v.1971, WJT (1♂, 2♀, WFBM) ; same data except, along Little Boulder Ck , 10.vi.1984, J. Jenkins (1♀, WSU) ; same data except, 5 mi. S Helmer , 2800 ft, 20.v.1975, N.E. Woodley (1♀, WSU) ; Harvard [46.917°N 116.73°W], 14.v.1962, Salix, WFB (1♂, 2♀, WSU) GoogleMaps ; Juliaetta [46°34′N 116°42′W] (1♀, USNM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 8.v.1971, A. R. Gittins (1♂, WFBM) GoogleMaps ; Kendrick [46°36′N 116°39′W], 7.vi.1917 (1♂, USNM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 13.iv.1951, 1219 ft, WFB (2♀, WFBM) GoogleMaps ; Moscow [46°48ʹN 116°52ʹW], 30.v.1911 (1♂, USNM) ; same data except, 22.v.1913 (1♂, 1♀, USNM) ; same data except, 1.v.1937, C.C. Ball (1♀, WFBM) ; same data except, 25.v.1960, R.B. Hawkes (1♀, WFBM) ; 5 mi. S Moscow , 18.v.1961, WFB (1♀, LACM) ; Vassar Meadows [46.8471°N 116.5291°W], 27. v.1959, B.A. Foote (1♂, WFBM) GoogleMaps . Nez Perce County: Craig Mts [46°09′N 116°44′W] (1♂, AMNH) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 8.vi.1918, ALM (1♂, 1♀, USNM) GoogleMaps ; Eagle Ck [46.0217°N 116.7429°W], 21.iv.1979, D.J. Schotzko (2♂, 2♀, WFBM) GoogleMaps ; 1 mi. NE Juliaetta Falls [46°34′N 116°42′W], 23.iv.1976, WFB (1♂, 1♀, WFBM) GoogleMaps ; Lk. Waha [46°12ʹN 116°50ʹW], 9.vi.1918, ALM (2♂, 2♀, USNM) ; Lk. Waha, Flat Iron Rd , 15.vi.2014, 1040 m, 46°12.412′N 116°49.027′W, W Fk Sweetwater Ck, BJS (1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps ; Lenore [46°30′N 116°33′W], 7.v.1938, C.C. Ball (2♀, WFBM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, H.C. Elg (1♂, WFBM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, E. Ritzheimer (1♂, WFBM) GoogleMaps ; Lewiston [46.41°N 117.02°W], 23.iv.1939, H.C. Elg (1♂, WFBM) GoogleMaps ; 8 mi. E Lewiston , 14.iv.1979, D.J. Schotzko (1♀, WFBM) ; Myrtle, Cottonwood Ck [46.4984°N 116.71096°W], 28.iv.1961,WFB(1♀, WFBM) GoogleMaps ; Webb [46.3439°N 116.8331°W], 10.iv.1952, WFB (1♂, WFBM) GoogleMaps . Shoshone County: Merry Ck , 2 mi. E Clarkia [47°00′N 116°15′W], 26.vi.1966, M.A. Brusven (5♂, 3♀, WFBM) GoogleMaps . Valley County: 3.3 mi. NW Cascade [44°31′N 116°2′W], 10.vi.1967, L.S. Hawkins, Jr (1♂, 1♀, WFBM) GoogleMaps . Montana: Carbon County: Cave Ck, Pryor Mtns , 45°10.88′N 108°26.17′W, 22.vi.2003, 7120 ft, J.B. Runyon (1♀, MTEC) GoogleMaps . Fergus County: Judith Mtns [47°13′N 109°13′W], Big Grassy, 2.vii.1995, sweeping, C.E. Seibert (1♀, MTEC) GoogleMaps . Glacier County: Lk. St. Marys, Glacier NP [48.7413°N 113.4418°W], 1.vi.1938, E.C. Van Dyke (1♂, CAS) GoogleMaps . Meagher County: 20 mi. W Sulpher Spgs [46°32′N 110°54′W], Sum. Grass Mtn, 25.vi.1971, J. R. Powers (1♂, CAS) GoogleMaps . Yellowstone County: Laurel [45°40′N 108°46′W], 16.viii.1914 (1♂, AMNH) GoogleMaps . Nebraska: Howard County: St. Paul [41°12′N 98°27′W], 19.vii.1960, F.C. Harmston (1♂, USNM) GoogleMaps . Sioux County: Agate Fossil Beds Nat. Monument [42.421°N 103.753°W], 12.vi.1989 (1♀, CSUC) GoogleMaps . New Mexico: Catron County: Bursum Camp , 18 mi. E Alma [33.402°N 108.579°W], 9000 ft, 10.vii.1961, F., P. & J. Rindge (1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps . Rio Arriba County: Lower Canjilon Lakes [36.5495°N 106.3442°W], 16 km E Canjilon, 2987 m, 6.vii.1978, T.W. & W. T. Davies (4♂, 3♀, CAS) GoogleMaps . Oregon: Benton County: Corvallis [44°38′N 123°18′W], 8.iv.1932 (1♂, USNM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 6.iv.1907, J.C. Bridwell (1♂, OSAC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 15.iv.1930, L.G. Hudson (1♂, USNM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 4.iv.1935, G. Ferguson (1♂, CUIC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 13.iv.1945, G. Bennett (1♂, OSAC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 8.v.1912 (1♀, OSAC) GoogleMaps ; Helmick Pk [44.7816°N 123.2368°W], 18.iv.1957, W.J. Hogg (1♂, RBCM) GoogleMaps ; Kiger’s Island [44°30′N 123°14′W], 19.iv.1930, R. E. Dimick (1♂, USNM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 8.iv.1930, J. Wilcox (1♂, 1♀, USNM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 12.iv.1930 (1♀, USNM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 19.iv.1930 (1♂, USNM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, I. Wilcox (1♂, 1♂ with Bibionidae prey, USNM) GoogleMaps ; Oregon Exper. Station [44°33′N 123°16′W], Acc. 1769, A.L. Lovett (1♀, OSAC) GoogleMaps ; Philomath [44.5020°N 123.4426°W], 16.v.[no year], A.L. Lovett (1♀, USNM) GoogleMaps . Clackamas County: Sandy [45°23′N 122°15′W], 7.v.1969, E.M. Fisher (3♂, 1♀, CSCA; 1♂, 1♀, CAS) GoogleMaps . Clatsop County: S slope Saddle Mtn [45.9695°N 123.6853°W], 2500– 328 ft, 14.vi.1969, E.M. Fisher (13♂, 1♀, 1♂ with Tipulidae prey, CSCA; 1♂, CAS) GoogleMaps ; same data except, K. Goeden (3♂, 1♀, ODAC) GoogleMaps . Deschutes County: Indian Ford [44.3589°N 121.6103°W], Hwy 20, 20.vi.1964, K. Goeden, sweeping plants margin of creek (2♂, 2♀, ODAC) GoogleMaps . Douglas County: Dixonville [43.207°N 123.241°W], 9.v.1919, A.B. Black (1♀, OSAC) GoogleMaps ; Glide [43°19′N 123°4′W], 28.iv.1964, K. Goeden (11♂, 1♀, ODAC) GoogleMaps . Lane County: Oakridge [43°44′N 122°27′W], 5 mi. E, 12.v.1969, E.M. & J.L. Fisher (1♂, CSCA) GoogleMaps . Lincoln County: Harlan [44.5398°N 123.6931°W], 7.iv.1960, G.P. Carpenter (1♂, 1♀, OSAC) GoogleMaps . Marion County: Idanha [44°42′N 122°05′W], 3 mi. E, 31.v.1969, E.M. Fisher (1♂, CSCA) GoogleMaps ; Lk. Labish [45.0279°N 122.9432°W], 2.iv.1926, J. Wilcox (2♀, USNM) GoogleMaps ; Mt Angel [45°04′N 122°47′W], Epper (2♂, 2♀, USNM) GoogleMaps . Multnomah County: Troutdale [45°31′N 122°22′W], 23.vi.1963, L.S. Miller, F.C. Harmston (1♂, 1♀, USNM) GoogleMaps ; Columbia Gorge Rec.Area, Wahkeena Falls, trail to Multnomah Falls , 7.vi.2009, 45.576°N 122.128°W, I.S. Winkler, E09-54c (1♂, CNC) GoogleMaps . Polk County: Monmouth [44°51′N 123°13′W], sweeping grass and horsetails, 29.iv.1962, K. Goeden (1♀, ODAC) GoogleMaps . Umatilla County: Freewater [45°56′N 118°23′W], 4.v.1927, M.W. Stone (2♀, USNM) GoogleMaps ; Meacham [45°31′N 118°26′W], 3680 ft, 8.v.1927, H.A. Scullen (1♂, USNM) GoogleMaps ; 7 mi. E Mission [45°39′N 118°39′W], 20.v.1998, pan trap, F.D. Parker (1♀, LACM) GoogleMaps . Washington County: Forest Grove [45°31′N 123°06′W], 15.v.1922, S.E. Keen (1♂, 1♀, USNM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, in house, 4.iv.1928 (1♀, OSAC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 8.iv.1941, L.P. Rockwood (1♀, USNM) GoogleMaps . Utah: Box Elder County: Mantua, Devil’s Gate [41.4516°N 111.9199°W], 27.vi.1969, T. L. Whitworth (1♂, LACM) GoogleMaps . Cache County: Blacksmith Fork [41.6236°N 111.6633°W], 25.v.1969, D. Alm (1♂, LACM) GoogleMaps ; Franklin Basin [42.1073°N 111.6283°W], 6.vii.1972, G.E. Bohart (1♂, LACM) GoogleMaps ; W Hodges Cany. [41.9167°N 111.4013°W], 27–30.vi.1978, MT, WJH (1♂, LACM) GoogleMaps ; Logan Cyn [41.8260°N 111.6113°W], 7500 ft, 4.vii.1947, G.E. Bohart (1♂, UCDC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, Bunchgrass Ck , 13–19.vi.1986, Hanson, Knowlton (1♀, LACM) GoogleMaps ; Tony Grove Cyn [41.8903°N 111.6299°W] 1–5.vii.1975, 7800 ft, Knowlton & Hanson (3♂, 2♀, LACM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 5–10.vii.1975 (2♂, 3♀, LACM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 10–16.vii.1975, MT (2♂, 3♀, LACM) GoogleMaps ; Tony Grove Jct. [41.8866°N 111.5639°W], 22.vi–3.vii.1984, MT (1♂, LACM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 6–12.vii.1984 (7♂, 1♀, LACM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 12–19.vii.1983, MT, WJH (1♀, LACM) GoogleMaps . Duchesne County: Strawberry [40°09′N 110°34′W], 15.vii.1938, G.F. Knowlton, F.C. Harmston (1♂, LACM) GoogleMaps . Iron County: Cedar Breaks [37.6364°N 112.8453°W], 26.vii.1968, 10000 ft, G.F. Knowlton (2♂, LACM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 16.vii.1962 (1♀, UCDC) GoogleMaps . Kane County: Duck Creek [37.5242°N 112.6631°W], 26.vii.1968, 9000 ft, G.F. Knowlton (1♂, 1♀, LACM) GoogleMaps . Rich County: Allen [Walton] Cyn [41.483°N 111.346°W], 24.vi.1967, G.F. Knowlton, P.W. Bergman (1♂, LACM) GoogleMaps ; Utah County: Payson Cyn [40.023°N, 111.717°W], V. W. Tanner (1♀, BYU) GoogleMaps . Washington: Asotin County: Fields Spring SP [46°4′N 117°10′W], 31.vii.1971, MT dry ice, WJT, W.B. Garnett (1♂, WSU) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 14.vi.1972, WJT (4♂, WSU) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 15.vi.1972 (4♂, 1♂ with Rhagionidae prey, WSU) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 4 mi. S Anatone , 3500–4000 ft, 19.v.1973, WJT (1♂, WSU) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 7.vi.1973 (1♂, WSU) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 12–13.vi.1974 (1♀, WSU) GoogleMaps ; 10 mi. S Fields Spring SP, 22.vi.1972, WJT (1♂, 2♂ with Bibionidae prey, 2♀, WSU) . Columbia County: Tucannon Fish Hatch. , 20 mi. E Dayton [46°19′N 117°39′W], 2650 ft, 15.v.1979, MT, WJT (9♂, WFBM; 1♂, 1♀, mounted as pair in copula, WFBM) GoogleMaps . Island County: Whidbey [48.1713°N 122.6092°W], 15.iv.1898 (1♂, USNM) GoogleMaps . King County: Seattle [47°36′N 122°19′W], 11.iv.1898 (1♀, USNM) GoogleMaps . Kitsap County: Manchester [47°33′N 122°33′W], 15.iv.1951, V. Tartar (1♂, OSAC) GoogleMaps . Pierce County: Clover Ck [47.126°N 122.398°W], 14.v.1979, T. L. Whitworth (1♀, LACM) GoogleMaps ; Tacoma [47°14′N 122°27′W], 3.v.1977, MT, T. L. Whitworth (1♂, 1♀, LACM) GoogleMaps . Thurston County: Olympia [47°2′N 122°54′W], 20.iv.1894 (1♂, USNM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 22.iv.1894 (1♀, USNM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 1.v.1894 (1♀, USNM) GoogleMaps . Whatcom County: Point Roberts [48°59′N 123°04′W], 1.v.1955, G.J. Spencer (1♂, 1♀, UBCZ) GoogleMaps ; Deming [48°49′N 122°13′W], 25.v.1908 (1♀, USNM) GoogleMaps . Whitman County: Almota [46°42′N 117°28′W] (1♂, 2♀, USNM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 25.v.1913 (2♂, USNM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 4.17 (1♂, USNM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 20.iv.1895, C. V. Piper (1♂, CUIC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 6.v.1972, dry ice MT, WJT (1♂, WSU) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 27.iv.1972 (2♀, WSU) GoogleMaps ; Almota , 900 ft, 17–18.iv.1981, WJT, sweeping Salix fls (1♂, 1♀, USNM) ; Almota nr Snake River , 650–900 ft, 17.iv.1981, R. H. Miller (1♂, MTEC) ; Kamiac Butte [46.8704°N 117.1528°W], 1.vi.1912 (1♂, USNM) GoogleMaps ; 8 mi. W Pullman, Lyle Grove [46°43ʹN 117°11ʹW], 21.v.1977, S. Woods (1♂, WSU) ; Pullman [46°43ʹN 117°11ʹW] (1♂, 2♀, USNM) ; same data except, June (1♂, USNM) ; same data except, May 30 (1♂, USNM) ; same data except, 14.v.1901 (1♂, USNM) ; same data except, 4.vi.1904 (1♂, USNM) ; same data except, 3.v.1907 (1♀, USNM) ; same data except, 24.v.1907 (1♂, USNM) ; same data except, 4.v.1910 (1♀, USNM) ; same data except, 7.v.1914 (1♀, CUIC) ; same data except, 5.v.1915 (1♂, USNM) ; same data except, 20.v.1917, ALM (1♀, USNM) ; same data except, 23.v.1918 (4♂, 5♀, USNM) ; same data except, 6.vi.1918 (5♂, 6♀, USNM) ; same data except, 22.v.1923 (1♂, USNM) ; 8 mi. SW Colton, Steptoe Cyn [46.4520°N 117.2054°W], 1100 ft, 4.iv.1987, swarm WJT (2♂ with Ephemeroptera and Rhamphomyia prey, 2♂, 6♀, WFBM) GoogleMaps ; 10 mi. SW Colton, Steptoe Cyn , 26.iv.1975, WJT (1♀, WSU) ; Wawawai [46°38′N 117°22′W], R. W. Doane (3♂, USNM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 1.v.1909, W.M. Mann (1♂, USNM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 14.v.1909 (2♂, USNM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 2400 ft, 28.v.1922, ALM (2♂, 2♀, USNM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 10.iv.1966, in flowers of Lomatium Cous, D.S. Horning (1♂, WFBM) GoogleMaps ; Yakawawa Cyn , 7 mi. NW Colton [46.5761°N 117.2884°W], 2500 ft, 21.v.1977, conspecific swarms, WJT (3♂, 3♀ mounted as pairs, WSU; 4♂, 30♀, WSU) GoogleMaps . Yakima County: 10 mi. E Chinook Pass [46°56′N 121°20′W], 3400 ft, on American R, 24.vii.1976, sweeping, WJT (1♂, WSU) GoogleMaps ; No. Yakima [46°36′N 120°30′W] GoogleMaps ,

22.v.1917, ALM (1♀, USNM). Wyoming: Albany County: Upper Nash Fork Cpgd [41.3595°N 106.2357°W] GoogleMaps , 15.viii.1957, 10500 ft, E.M. & R. H. Painter (1♀, USNM). Carbon County: meadow south side Hwy 130, east of Ryan Pk [41°19′N 106°30′W], 2990 m GoogleMaps , 1.viii.1973, PHA (3♂, CAS); E of Saratoga [41°27′N 106°48′W] GoogleMaps , 13.viii.1957, 6000 ft, E.M. & R. H. Painter (1♂, USNM). Park County: Yellowstone NP , 21–22.vii.1920, F.475 2, 44°43′N 110°30′W, 7500 ft (1♂, AMNH) .

Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from other species of the subgenus by four broad, brown scutal vittae, long forked subapical process on the male hind tibia ( Fig. 334 View FIGURES 331–335 ), strong posteroapical setae on mid tibia and absence of row of posterior preapical setae on the male hind femur ( Fig. 335 View FIGURES 331–335 ). Females can be recognized by the long pale setae on sternites 3 and 4 ( Fig. 333 View FIGURES 331–335 ).

Redescription. Wing length 6.6–8.0 mm. Male. Head dark in ground-colour, with greyish pruinescence ( Fig. 332 View FIGURES 331–335 ). Dichoptic, upper ommatidia not enlarged. Frons divergent towards antennae; narrowest section of frons wider than width of anterior ocellus; with short setulae along inner margin of eye. Face without setae; slightly divergent towards mouthparts, with oral margin dark and shiny. Ocellar triangle elevated, with thin greyish pruinescence, with pair of parallel ocellar setae and several shorter posterior setulae. Occiput with single median row of strong, stiff setae, shorter than ocellar setae, longer and finer ventrally; postocular setae with upper 2–3 setae strongly curved, shorter than ocellar setae, with lower postocular setae straight, half length of upper setae; postocellar region without setae. Antenna dark; scape more than 2× longer than pedicel, with short, black setae; pedicel with ring of apical setae; postpedicel long and tapered, 4× longer than basal width; stylus slightly more than 1.5× longer than basal width of postpedicel. Palpus pale, yellowish brown, with dark setulae. Proboscis reddish brown, length less than 2× head height; labellum with short, dark setae.

Thorax dark brown in ground-colour, densely grey pruinescent ( Fig. 332 View FIGURES 331–335 ). Scutum with 2 pairs of broad brownish vittae running between setal rows; lateral pair extending beyond prescutellar depression; apex of postpronotal lobe shiny yellowish brown. Proepisternum with slender brownish setae on lower section; upper proepisternum in front of spiracle without setae. Prosternum bare. Antepronotum with row of 4–5 pairs of dark, stiff setae, longer laterally. Postpronotum with 1 long seta and several short, dark stiff setae. Scutum with short, fine uniserial acr; dc uniserial to biserial, slightly longer, stronger than acr, increasing in length posteriorly; 1–2 posterior npl, with several short anterior npl; 1 short, slender presut spal; 1 short, slender psut spal; 1 pal. Scutellum with 1 widely separated pair of short sctl, aligned with dc row, with 0–1 outer, short pair of marginal setulae; disc bare. Laterotergite with narrow patch of 4–8 strong, dark setae. Anterior and posterior spiracles pale.

Legs strong, orange brown to reddish brown, tarsi usually darker; coxae and trochanters dark, with dense greyish pruinescence, concolourous with pleura ( Fig. 332 View FIGURES 331–335 ). Coxae with slender, black setae. Hind trochanter with dark setae. Fore femur clothed in short, black setae. Fore tibia with 3–4 long anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae on apical half to third, longer than width of tibia; apical half with long posterior setae; ring of outstanding preapical setae; anterior face clothed in dense short setulae. Fore tarsomere 1 swollen, as broad as basal width of tibia, with dense setulae and long setae on all faces, longer than width of tarsomere; tarsomeres 1–5 with biserial row of spine-like ventral setae; tarsomeres 1–4 with apicolateral pair of spine-like setae, longer than width of segment. Mid femur clothed in short, black setae; base with long, slender ventral setae, longer than width of femur; apex often with strong anterior preapical seta. Mid tibia with apical comb of 5–6 spine-like posterior setae, length one-third length of tarsomere 1; 1–2 anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae, subequal to width of femur. Mid tarsus similar to fore tarsus, except tarsomere 1 without long, dense setae. Hind femur with knob-like preapical anteroventral process with broad base, inner posterior margin with comb of short, black appressed setae, length as long as height of process; row of 4–5 posteroventral setae, distal to knob-like process, length shorter than width of femur; posteroventral digitiform process with base fused to anteroventral process, with subapical branch projecting distally with short setae; cluster of 2–3 short spine-like black setae distal to process, with low posteroventral ridge extending to apex; apex of femur without preapical row of posterior setae; preapical anterior seta strong, shorter than width of femur ( Figs 334, 335 View FIGURES 331–335 ). Hind tibia with long, forked posteroventral digitiform process on basal quarter, with strong black setae along inner base of process and branches of fork; with crown of strong black setae, length as long as fork, usually darkly pigmented in contrast to paler tibia and femur; bare, digitiform posteroventral process slightly distal to forked process, variable in length; short, setose posteroventral process (similar to forked process) distal to bare process; sharp inner ridge proximal to setose process; with seta in posteroapical comb; apical third with long dorsal setae, length slightly longer than width of tibia ( Figs 334, 335 View FIGURES 331–335 ). Hind tarsomere 1 somewhat inflated, with long dorsal setae, similar to tibia; tarsomeres 2–5 similar to mid tarsus.

Wing slightly infuscate with dark veins ( Fig. 332 View FIGURES 331–335 ), darker about Rs node, apex of cell dm and base of radial fork; all veins complete (except Sc), well sclerotized; CuA+CuP distinctly reaching wing margin. Basal costal seta absent. R 5 and M 1 slightly divergent at wing margin; R 5 ending at or near wing tip; radial fork acute. Halter pale, yellowish brown ( Fig. 332 View FIGURES 331–335 ).

Abdomen dark, with dense greyish pruinescence, concolourous with scutum ( Fig. 332 View FIGURES 331–335 ); long, brownish lateral setae on pregenital segments, paler and finer on ventrum. Pregenital segments unmodified, except sclerites of segment 8 narrowly separated, weakly narrowly fused anteriorly. Terminalia ( Figs 336, 337 View FIGURES 336–337 ): brown, subshiny with phallus and hypandrium orange brown. Cercus with short, subtriangular basal section, projecting above epandrium, setae longer than width of cercus; distal section more thickly sclerotized than basal section, subrectangular, hidden along dorsal margin of epandrium, apex rounded, projecting slightly beyond epandrium; ventral margin of distal cercus with tooth-like apicoventral project and subapical tooth-like apicoventral projection; distal section with several long setae; fused anteriorly to epandrium. Hypoproct with row of 4–5 obliquely projecting setae. Subepandrium without process; without row of medium-length setae. Epandrial lamella truncate apically, length subequal to height; posterior margin without projection, bearing longest setae along posterior margin; some setae as long as epandrial width. Hypandrium long, with V-shaped notch on apical margin; several pairs of long setae at base, longer than length of hypandrium. Phallus ( Fig. 337 View FIGURES 336–337 ) with broad basal half, tapered, mostly straight apically; apex not emerging beyond cercus; apex tapered, not expanded; dense, short setae on tapered section; ejaculatory apodeme as long as length of epandrium, T-shaped, with ventrally positioned lateral apodemes.

Female. Similar to male, except as follows: frons broader, nearly as wide as ocellar triangle; hindleg without modified setae and processes; mid tibia with strong ventroapical setae; abdominal pleural membrane appears darker and broader on segment 5; sternites 3 and 4 with long pale setae, as long as length of sclerite ( Fig. 333 View FIGURES 331–335 ); base and medial sections on tergites 7 and 8 shiny.

Geographical distribution and seasonal occurrence ( Fig. 354 View FIGURES 353–354 ). Empis (En.) poplitea is known from southern Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, northern California, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Nebraska, Colorado, Utah, Arizona and New Mexico. Adults have been collected from April to September.

Nuptial gift presentation. Alcock (1973) indicated that the male nuptial gift of this species is unwrapped prey and included a photo of a mating pair with a tipulid nuptial gift. Among the material examined are male specimens with either Bibionidae , Rhagionidae , Rhamphomyia ( Empididae ), or Ephemeroptera prey items pinned beneath each specimen.

Remarks. The male terminalia lacks the subepandrial processes and the hypoproct is setose, as is found in the E. (En.) canaster , E. (En.) nodipoplitea and E. (En.) amytis groups.

Alcock (1973) described the mating behaviour of E. (En.) poplitea . During copulation the male hindlegs were observed on either side of the female abdomen rhythmically moving up and down, possibly providing tactile stimuli during mating.