Empis (Enoplempis) bova, Sinclair & Brooks & Cumming, 2025

Empis (Enoplempis) bova sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E9CACA87-2A1E-4461-A3D2-C64906BE5F1C

( Figs 188–191 View FIGURES 188–191 , 193 View FIGURES 192–193 , 197 View FIGURES 197–200 )

Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: “USA: CA: Humboldt Co. / ca. 7 miles SE of Orick / Lost Man Creek trail/ N 41°15′53″ W 123°59′16″/ 2.VI.2009, J.M. Cumming ”; “ CNC/ 1078374 View Materials ”; “ HOLOTYPE / Empis (Enoplempis) / bova Sinclair ,/ Brooks & Cumming [red label]” ( CNC) . PARATYPES: USA. California: Humboldt County: Arcata [40°52′N 124°5′W], 26.vi.1969, W.G. Goodman (2♀, UCDC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 29.vi.1969 (1♀, UCDC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 19.vii.1969 (1♂, UCDC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 21.vii.1969 (1♀, UCDC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 24.vi.1969, J.W. Pearson (1♂, 1♀, UCDC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 10.vi.1969, JAP (1♀, EMEC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 10.vi.1969 (1♂, EMEC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 21.vii.1969 (1♂, 2♀, EMEC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, w/prey 3:00pm (1♂ with Tipulidae prey, EMEC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, dappled sun in redwood forest solitary (1♂, EMEC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 24.vi.1969, C. Slobodchikoff (1♂, 1♀, EMEC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 1.vii.1969 (2♂, 1♀, EMEC) GoogleMaps ; Bair’s Rch Redwood Ck [41°18′N 124°02′W], 17.vi., H.S. Barber (1♂, USNM) GoogleMaps ; Dyerville [40°21′N 123°55′W], 20.vi.1935, ALM (1♂, 1♀, USNM) GoogleMaps ; Fieldbrook [40°57′N 124°02′W], 19.v.1903, H.S. Barber (1♂, USNM) GoogleMaps ; same data except, 19.v.1903 (1♂, USNM) GoogleMaps ; Humboldt Redwoods SP [40°18′N 123°58′W], jct. Calf Ck & Bull Ck, 17.vi.1978, DDW (1♂, CAS) GoogleMaps ; 1 mi. W Kneeland [40°45′N 124°00′W], 27.vi.1969, JAP (1♂, 1♀, EMEC) GoogleMaps ; same data except, D.P. Levin (1♂, 1♀, LACM) GoogleMaps ; 5 mi. W Kneeland , 27.vi.1969, J.W. Pearson (1♂, UCDC) ; Lord Ellis Summit [40°55′N 123°51′W], Hwy 299, 9.vii.1980, T. W. Davies (1♂, CAS) GoogleMaps ; Orick [41°17′N 124°03′W], 21.vi.1935, ALM (5♂, 1♀, USNM) GoogleMaps ; same data as holotype (5♂, 2♀, CNC) ; same data as holotype except, SEB (7♂, 7♀, CNC) ; same data as holotype except, BJS (2♂, 4♀, CNC) ; Prairie Ck Redwood SP, Prairie Ck , 41°24.454′N 124°01.872′W, 3.vi.2009, BJS (3♂, 1♀, CNC) GoogleMaps .

Additional material examined. USA. California: Alameda County: Albany Hill [37°53′N 122°18′W], 24.iii.1995, JAP (6♂, EMEC); same data except, 10.iv.1996 (2♂, 1♀, EMEC); same data except, 5.iii.1997 (1♂, 1♀, EMEC); Berkeley [37°52′N 122°16′W], 31.iii.1915, M.C. Van Duzee (2♂, USNM); same data except, 6.iv.1915 (1♂, USNM); same data except, 8.v.1915 (3♂, USNM); same data except, 14.v.1915 (2♂, USNM); same data except, 15.v.1915 (1♂, USNM); same data except, 16.v.1915 (1♂, USNM); same data except, 20.v.1915 (1♂, USNM); same data except, 24.v.1915 (2♂, USNM); same data except, 29.iii.1921, B. Brookman (1♂, CAS); same data except, 20.v.1940, G.E. Bohart (1♂, CAS); same data except, 3.iv.1948, W.W. Wirth (1♀, USNM); same data except, 3.iv.1948 (1♂, 1♀, USNM); same data except, 19.iii.1949, L.W. Quate (1♀, USNM); same data except, 30.v.1951, E.I. Schlinger (1♂, UCDC); same data except, 22.iv.1952, W.C. Bentinck (3♂, 1♀, EMEC); same data except, 23.ii.1980, E.J. Wright (2♂, DEBU); same data except, 1.vi.1948, light trap, W.W. Wirth (1♂, USNM); Berkeley, 90 Tamalpais Rd, 10.v.1992, #00720, PHA (2♂, USNM); Berkeley U.C., 8.vi.1982, C.L. Powell (1♂, EMEC); Hayward [37°40′N 122°04′W], 29.iv.1965, E. King (1♂, EMEC); Kilkare Rd, 2.2 km N Sunol [37°36′N 121°53′W], 13.v.1979, T.W. Davies (29♂, 65♀, CAS); Hills back of Oakland [37°50′N 122°12′W], 25.iii.1951, W.C. Bentinck (1♂, EMEC); same data except, 13.v.1951 (2♂, 2♀, EMEC); same data except, 9.v.1952, (4♂, 2♀, EMEC); same data except, 14.v.1952 (1♂, EMEC); Patterson Reserve, Del Valle Lk. [37°35′N 121°43′W], 15.iii.1973, JAP (1♂, 2♀, EMEC); same data except, 8.iii.1974 (1♂, 3♀, EMEC); Strawberry Cyn [37°52′N 122°14′W], Berkeley, 14.iv.1968, D.D. Munroe (1♂, 2♀, CNC); same data except, Berkeley Hills, 6.iv.1962, H. V. Daly (4♂, 2♀, EMEC); same data except, 15.vi.1961, prey held between mid and hind coxae, M.J. Tauber, C.A. Toschi (1♂ with Cecidomyiidae prey, EMEC); Sunol Reg. Wilderness, along Indian Joe Ck [37°30ʹN 121°49ʹW], 7.iii.1979, DDW (1♂, CAS); same data except, 29.iii.1979, DDW (52♂, 59♀, CAS). Contra Costa County: Briones Regional Pk [37.935804°N 122.137413°W] at Alhambra Valley Rd, 20.iii.1978, DDW (5♂, 2♀, CAS); same data except, 29.iii.1978 (5♂, 15♀, CAS); same data except, along Alhambra Trail, on ridge, 23.iii.1979, DDW (2♂, 2♀, CAS); same data except, 4.iv.1979 (11♂, 6♀, CAS); Briones Regional Pk, along Cascade Ck at Bear Ck Rd entrance, 14.iii.1978, DDW (2♂, CAS); Briones Regional Pk, Toyon Cyn, 25.v.1978, DDW (4♂, CAS); Briones Reservoir [37.915°N 122.205°W], 22.iv.1995, JAP (1♂, EMEC); Canyon [37°50′N 122°09′W], 9.v.1981, D. Denning (1♂, LACM); same data except, 6.xi.1981 (1♂, LACM); Canyon Post Office, 8–9 km S of Moraga, 11.vi.1981, D.G. Denning (1♂, CAS); 1.0 km N Cave Point oak/bay forest, 37°50′56″N 121°53′13″W, 22.iv.2012, MT, 438 m, K. Will [CAL2012.iv.22.15]10407 (1♂, 2♀, CNC); El Sobrante [37°58′N 122°17′W], cyn at San Pablo Dam Rd, 15.iii.1978, DDW (5♂, 6♀, CAS); same data except, 5.iv.1978 (3♂, 5♀, CAS); Lafayette [37°53′N 122°07′W], 6.iv.1968, D.D. Munroe (3♂, CNC); Las Trampas Regional Wilderness [37.82°N 122.05°W], 4.iv.1978, DDW (1♂, 3♀, CAS); Mt Diablo [37°52′N 121°54′W], 26.iv.1942, J.W. Tilden (1♂, CAS); same data except, 18.iv.1948, W.W. Wirth (1♂, USNM); Tilden Regional Pk [37°53′N 122°14′W], 24.iv.1971, collected at flower blackberry Rubus, PHA (1♂ with flower; 2♂, 2♀, USNM); same data except, collected at shaded flower Heracleum lanatum Michx. (1♂, 2♀, USNM); same data except, resting on vegetation (2♀, USNM); Tilden Regional Pk, trail Jewel Lk. to Wildcat Peak & return, 6.vi.1992, #00739-E, on vegetation along trails, PHA, (1♂, USNM); Tilden Pk, Berkeley Hills, 19.iv.1969, P.A. Opler (6♂, EMEC); same data except, 20.iv.1969 (1♂, 3♀, EMEC); same data except, 17.iv.1969, JAP (1♀, EMEC); N entrance Wildcat Regional Pk [37°56′N 122°17′W], 5.iv.1978, DDW (1♂, 1♀, CAS). Del Norte County: Hunter Ck Rd 2 mi. N Requa, 41°34′14″N 124°3′10″W, muddy disturbed roadside, 23.v.2009, J.M. Cumming (1♂, CNC); Jedediah Smith Redwoods SP, Howland Hill Rd at Mill Ck [41°46′N 124°06′W], 16.v.1978, DDW (5♂, 2♀, CAS); same data except, Howland Hill Rd at Pk boundary (2♂, CAS); Klamath [41°31′N 124°02′W], 20.vi.1939, T.G.H. Aitken (1♂, CAS); Smith River, Rowdy Ck [41°55′N 124°08′W], 11.vii.1930, J.M. Aldrich (1♂, USNM). Los Angeles County: Gorman [34.79611°N 118.85167°W], 22.vi.1958, W.E. Simonds (1♂, CSCA); Marin County: Alpine L. [37°56′N 122°38′W], 1500 ft, 10.iv.1968, D.D. Munroe (1♂, CNC); Bolinas [37°54′N 122°41′W], 4.iv.1976, R.O. Schuster (2♂, 1♀, UCDC); across Bolinas-Fairfax Rd from Meadow Club [37°58′N 122°37′W], 10.iv.1978, DDW (1♂ with Cecidomyiidae prey, 1♂ with Chironomidae prey, 1♀, CAS); Fairfax [37°59′N 122°35′W], 2 mi. W, 21.iv.1969, JAP (1♂, 1♀, EMEC); 2 mi. SE Inverness, Inverness Ridge [38°5′N 122°51′W], 88–1014 ft, 14.v.1972, E.I. Schlinger (1♂, EMEC); same data except, Alder Seepage W side of ridge, 16.v.1970, JAP (2♂, EMEC); same data except, top of ridge (1♀, EMEC); Inverness [38°06′N 122°51′W], 8–15.iv.1963, PHA (4♂, 4♀, CAS); along Lagunitas Ck below Alpine Dam [37°56′N 122°38′W], 23.ii.1978, DDW (4♂, 1♀, CAS); same data except, 23.ii.1978 (3♂, CAS); same data except, 15.iii.1978 (1♂, CAS); same data except, 28.v.1979 (3♂, CAS); Lagunitas [38°0′N 122°42′W], 25.iii.1924, E.H. Nast (1♂, CAS); Lk. Lagunitas [37°56′51″N 122°35′46″W], 30.iii.1961, D.Q. Cavagnaro (2♂, UCDC); same data except, 9.iii.1958, D.C. Rentz (1♂, CAS); Liberty Gulch nr Alpine Lk. [37°57′N 122°37′W], 640–900 ft, 17.iv.1971, K. Wahl (1♀, EMEC); same data except, E.I. Schlinger (1♀, EMEC); same data except, 19.iv.1975, M. Buegler (1♂, EMEC); same data except, JAP (2♂, EMEC); same data except, 17.iv.1976, M.M. Helena (1♀, EMEC); same data except, 3.v.1980, C. Parisek (1♂, EMEC); Lily Pond, Alpine Lk. [37°56′N 122°38′W], 1500 ft, 10.v.1969, MT, D.D. Munroe (1♂, CNC); same data except, 11.iv–9.v.1970 (3♂, 3♀, CNC); same data except, v–vi.1970 (2♂, 8♀, CNC); same data except, 18.iii–1.iv.1971 (1♀, CNC); same data except, 8–13.iv.1971 (1♂, CNC); same data except, 19–27. iv.1971 (1♂, CNC); same data except, 17–25.v.1971 (2♂, 3♀, CNC); same data except, 15–25.v.1971 (1♂, 1♀, CNC); Lily Lk. nr Alpine Lk., 680–720 ft, 22.iv.1973, E. Schlinger (1♂, EMEC); same data except, 19.iv.1975, M. Buegler (1♂, EMEC); same data except, B. Burroughs (1♀, EMEC); same data except, JAP (4♂, 4♀, EMEC); Mill Valley [37°54ʹN 122°33ʹW], iii.1926 (1♀, CAS); same data except, 7.iii.1926 (1♂, CAS); same data except, 21.iii.1926 (2♂, CAS); same data except, 24.iii.1926 (1♂, CAS); same data except, 28.iii.1926 (2♂, 1♀, CAS); same data except, 4.iv.1926 (1♂, 1♀, CAS); same data except, 11.iv.1926 (1♂, CAS); same data except, 12.iv.1926 (1♀, CAS); same data except, 15.iv.1926 (1♀, CAS); same data except, 21.iv.1926 (3♂, CAS); same data except, 24.iv.1926 (1♂, CAS); Mill Valley, 19.iv.1946, E.L. Kessel (1♂, CAS); same data except, 21.iv.1946 (1♂, CAS); Mill Valley, v.1949, E.S. Ross (1♀, CAS); Mill Valley, 17.iv.1949, H.B. Leech (1♀, CAS); same data except, 26.iv.1949 (1♂, 1♀, CAS); same data except, 10.v.1949 (1♂, CAS); same data except, 21.v.1950 (1♂, CAS); same data except, 24.iii.1951 (1♂, CAS); Mill Valley, 19.iv.1950, H.B. Leech, at light (2♂, 2♀, CAS); same data except, 16.iii.1955 (1♂, CAS); Mill Valley, 9.ii.1958, H.B. Leech, on window in house (1♂, CAS); same data except, 10.iii.1958, in house (1♂, CAS); Mill Valley, 31.iii.1950, F.X. Williams (1♂, CAS); Mill Valley, 360 ft, 4.iv.1965, PHA (1♂, USNM); same data except, 15.v.1965 (1♂, USNM); same data except, 17.v.1965 (1♀, USNM); same data except, 22.v.1965 (1♂, USNM); Mill Valley, 14–17.iv.1965, PHA, Flight Trap (1♂, USNM); same data except, 28.iv.1965 (1♂, USNM); same data except, 18–19.v.1965 (1♂, USNM); Mill Valley, Lee Street, 110 m, 28.iii.1965, PHA (1♀, USNM); same data except, 5–6.v.1965 (1♂, USNM); same data except, Blithedale Ridge, 9–10.v.1965 (1♂, CAS); same data except, 8–12.v.1966 (1♂, CAS); Mill Valley, Lee Street, 360 ft, 22.iii.1969, I.A. Boussy (1♂, USNM); Mill Valley, Mill Ck, nr Cascade Reservoir, 20.iii.1978, DDW (57♂, 31♀, CAS); same data except, 31.v.1978 (1♂, CAS); 3 mi. W Mill Valley, 13.v.1962, R.L. Westcott (1♂, 1♀, LACM); Mt Tamalpais [37°55′N 122°34′W], 25.v.1974, D.G. Denning (2♂, UCDC); same data except, 26.v.1974, (13♂, 8♀, UCDC); Mt Tamalpais along Cataract & Kent Trails, 12.iv.1979, DDW (12♂, 7♀, CAS); Mt Tamalpais, Old Stage Rd at Rattlesnake Ck #1, 11.v.1996, PHA, Field Note #01461 (1♂, USNM); same data except, vicinity Rattlesnake Ck No.1, 10.v.1997, swept shaded seepage in road cut, Collection 01745-A (1♂, USNM); Mt Tamalpais, vic. Rock Springs, 610 m, 13.v.1978, PHA (1♂, USNM); Mt Tamalpais, Rock Springs Trail between West Point & Bootjack Camp, 5.v.1990, #00233-E, PHA (3♂, USNM); Muir Beach [37°51′N 122°34′W], 25.vi.1964, PHA (1♂, CAS); Point Reyes [37.997°N 123.020°W], 25.v.1925, D.G. Denning (2♂, UCDC); same data except, 19.iv.1980, S.A. Marshall (1♂, 1♀, DEBU); North Beach, Pt. Reyes, 20.vi.1976, E.I. Schlinger, M.E. Buegler (1♂, EMEC); North Beach, Pt. Reyes Natl. Seashore, 10–100 ft, 10.v.1975, M. Buegler (1♂, 1♀, EMEC); same data except, 11.v.1974, <100 ft, A. Hajak (1♂, EMEC); Novato [38°06′N 122°34′W], 10.iii.1963, D.C. Rentz (1♂, 1♀, CAS); Paradise Beach Co. Pk [37°53′N 122°27′W], 15.v.1963, PHA (2♂, 1♀, USNM); Phoenix Lk. [37°57′N 122°34′W], 4.iv.1964, C. Slobodchikoff (3♂, EMEC; 2♂, CAS); same data except, 2.iv.1966, J. Haddock (1♂, EMEC); Taylor SP [38°1′N 122°43′W], 8.v.1949, PHA (6♂, USNM); same data except, H.B. Leech (2♂, 1♀, CAS); Samuel P. Taylor SP, 8.vi.1975, J.B. Johnson (1♂, WFBM); Samuel P. Taylor SP, Madrone Picnic Area, 23.v.1970, PHA (1♀, USNM); Samuel P. Taylor SP, Lagunitas Ck, 20.v.1977, DDW (4♂, 1♀, CAS); Samuel Taylor SP, 38.017°N 122.728°W, 1.iv.2009, I.S. Winkler (1♂, CNC); Marin Co., 14.iv.1970, 1000 ft, J. Kipping (2♂, CAS); same data except, 2100 ft, 29.iv.1974, (1♂, 1♀, CAS); same data except, 2.v.1974 (4♀, CAS); same data except, 13.v.1974 (6♂, 11♀, CAS). Mendocino County: 10 km N Branscomb, Angelo Coast Range, Ahlquist tr., chaparral, 39°44′ 37″N 123°37′39″W, 495 m, 10.v.2005, sweep, C.J. Borkent, CJB05-02 (1♂ with Mycetophilidae prey, 3♂, CNC); Inglenook Fen [39°30′N 123°46′W], 4 mi. N Ft Bragg, 9.vi.1975, M.E. Buegler, E.I. Schlinger (1♂, EMEC); Monte Rio [38°28′N 123°0′W], 25.v.1975, W.W. Middlekauff (1♂, EMEC); 3 mi. N Branscomb [39°42′N 123°39′W], NCCRP, 1400 ft, 17.v.1975, JAP (1♂, EMEC); same data except, 5–6.v.1989, S. O’Keefe (1♂, EMEC); 5 mi. N Branscomb, NCCRP, 26.v.1976, JAP (22♂, 13♀, EMEC); same data except, 12–14.v.1978 (2♂, EMEC); same data except, 26.v.1976, E. Rogers (1♂, EMEC); same data except, 25–27.v.1976 (1♀, EMEC); same data except, 26–27.v.1976, R. Wharton (1♂, EMEC); 3.9 km NW Branscomb, along Redwood Ck nr jct. Branscomb Rd & Wilderness Rd, 39°40.77′N 123°39.29′W, 445 m, moist redwood forest along creek, 13.v.2005, C.J. Borkent, CJB05-09 (3♀, LEM); 15 mi. W Willits [39°20′N 123°32′W], 14.vi.1948, E.L. Kessel (2♂, CAS). Monterey County: Big Creek Reserve [36°4′N 121°35′W], 25–26.iii.1980, JAP (1♀, EMEC); same data except, 4.vi.1982 (2♂, 3♀, EMEC); same data except, 5.vi.1982 (1♀, EMEC); same data except, 11–13.vi.1985 (1♂, EMEC); same data except, 21–22.iv.1993, N. Access Rd, Chamise chaparral-grassland, 490– 450 m (2♂, EMEC); same data except, 12–13.v.1992, JAP & Scaccia, Brunette Ck trail, 100–240 m (1♂, EMEC); Landels-Hill Big Creek Res., 5 mi. N Lucia, 4–6.vi.1982, E.I. Schlinger (1♂, EMEC); Carmel [36°33′N 121°55′W], 24.iii.1919, E.P. Van Duzee (1♂, 2♀, CAS); Monterey [36°36′N 121°53′W], 23.v.1964, Arctostaphylos sp. , P. Rude (3♂ with Sciaridae prey, 4♂, 2♀, EMEC); Pacific Grove [36°37′N 121°55′W], 9.v.1906 (1♀, USNM); same data except, iii.1923, L.S. Jr. U. Lot. 132 Sub. (1♂, USNM); Point Lobos [36°31′N 121°56′W], 24.iii.1897, L.S. Jr. U. Lot. 133 Sub. (1♂, CAS). Napa County: Napa [38°18′N 122°17′W], 28.iii.1954, JAP (1♂, EMEC); Bothe Napa Val. SP [38°33′N 122°30′W], 15.v.1980, sweeping, K.S. Corwin (1♂, CSCA). Plumas County: Portola [39°48′N 120°28′W], 13.iv.1906 (1♂, USNM). San Benito County: S of Hollister [36°51′N 121°24′W], Limekiln Cyn, 3.iv.1979, DDW (1♀, CAS); Limekiln Cyn, SW Paicines [36°43′N 121°16′W], 24.iv,1968, P.A. Opler (1♂, EMEC); same data except, JAP (1♀, EMEC). San Francisco County: San Francisco [37°46′N 122°24′W], 27.iv.1961, R. Brown (1♂, CAS); San Francisco, Golden Gate Pk [37°46′N 122°28′W], 5.viii.1974, DDW (1♀, CAS); same data except, Strybing Arboretum, California Native Plants area, 9.iv.1981, PHA, collected on lawn nr base Alnus rhombifolia (1♀, USNM); San Francisco, Golden Gate Pk, De Laveaga Dell, 27.iv.1992, #00708 PHA, swept foliage ivy/vegetation under Umbellularia californica (H. & A.) Nutt. (5♂, 3♀, USNM); same data except, 29.iv.1992, #00710 (10♂, 4♀, USNM); same data except, 18.v.1992, #00724, swept foliage ivy/vegetation (2♂, 6♀, USNM); same data except, 19.v.1992, #00725 (3♂, 3♀, USNM); same data except, 22.v.1992, #00727, swept foliage ivy/thimbleberry (4♂, USNM); same data except, 26.v.1992, #00732, swept foliage ivy/vegetation (1♀, USNM); same data except, 3.vi.1992, #00735, swept foliage ivy/thimbleberry (2♂, USNM); same data except, 5.v.1992, #00737 (1♀, USNM); same data except, 10.v.1993, 00925, sweeping ivy/ vegetation under trees (4♂, 1♀, USNM); same data except, 3.iv.1995, #01290, swept low ivy and herbage, sun/ shade under Umbellularia (1♀, USNM). San Luis Obispo County: 2 mi. NW Cambria [35°33′N 121°5′W], 24.iii.1980, JAP (1♂, 7♀, EMEC). San Mateo County: Brisbane [37°40′N 122°25′W], 14.iv.1998, JAP (3♂, 1♀, EMEC); Butano Ck, NE Cloverdale Rd [37.2156°N 122.3490°W], 12.iv.1964, PHA (3♂, 2♀, CAS); Corte de Madera Ck [37°24′N 122°14′W] near Portola, 23.v.1949 (1♂, USNM); same data except, 11.vi.1960, PHA (1♀, CAS); same data except, 20.iii.1965 (1♀, CAS); same data except, 12.v.1974 (1♂, USNM); Portola Valley, Alpine Rd, Corte de Madera Ck, 230 m, 13.iv.1971, PHA & M.M. Arnaud (3♂, 1♀, USNM); Half Moon Bay [37°27′N 122°26′W], 3.vii.1958, PHA (1♂, USNM); Huddart Co. Pk, McGarvey Gulch Ck [37.4443°N 122.2914°W], 290 m, 10.v.1980, PHA (2♂, USNM); Junipero Serra Pk [37.609°N 122.426°W], 29.iii.1964, PHA (1♂ with flower, 1♀, with flower, 1♀, CAS); same data except, 21.iii.1971 (2♂ with flowers, 2♀ with flowers, USNM); same data except, 23.iii.1986, Empis with possible prey (1♂ with Mycetophilidae prey, USNM); San Bruno [37°37′N 122°25′W], 28.iii.1969, P.A. Opler (2♂, EMEC); same data except, JAP (1♂, EMEC); La Honda [37°19′N 122°16′W], 18.iv.1964, PHA (2♂ with Anthalia Zetterstedt and Sciaridae prey, 17♂, 14♀, USNM); La Honda, 5 mi. N, 8.iii.1964, PHA (1♂, USNM); Skyline Blvd nr La Honda Rd [37°23′N 122°15′W], 20.v.1949, PHA (1♂, USNM); Purisima Ck Cyn [37.4367°N 122.3672°W], 4.iv.1995, PHA & M.M. Arnaud, Collection No. 01291 (3♂, USNM); Portola Valley SP [37.2622°N 122.1958°W], 7.v.1950, F.X. Williams (1♂, 1♀, CAS); same data except, 900 ft, 8.iii.1981, E.J. Wright (4♂, DEBU); San Francisco State Fish and Game Refuge, vicinity Trousdale Dr. [37.5794°N 122.4059°W] 30.iv–5.v.1995, PHA & M.M. Arnaud, 550 ft, #01306, Townes Flight Trap (2♂, 3♀, USNM); San Mateo [37°33′N 122°18′W], 6.iv.1906 (1♀, USNM); same data except, 12.iii.1950, R.S. Beal (1♂, USNM); San Mateo Co. Memorial Pk [37°16′N 122°17′W], 7.iv.1968, PHA (1♂, USNM); Stanford Univ. Jasper Ridge Biological Pres. [37.408°N 122.2275°W], 9.v.1982, PHA (1♂, USNM); same data except, 26.ii–12.iii.1995 (1♂, 1♀, USNM); same data except, 410 m, 23.iv.1995 (1♂, USNM); same data except, 7.v.1995, PHA & M.M. Arnaud, Field Note #01313 (1♂, 1♀, USNM); same data except, 3–4.vi.1995, PHA (1♀, USNM); same data except, 30.iv.1996, PHA & M.M. Arnaud, Field Note #01459 (1♂, USNM); Woodside [37°25′N 122°15′W], 4.iv.1906, R.W. Doane (4♂, 2♀, LACM); 2mi. N Woodside Junction, 9.vi.1962, J. T. Doyen (2♂, EMEC). Santa Clara County : Alma College [37.1770°N 122.0074°W], 10.v.1951, E.L. Kessel (7♂, 1♀, CAS); KPC 11–06, Monte Bello Open Space Pres., Stevens Ck Tr., 37.32575°N 122.1792°W, 16.iv.2011, K. Collins et al. (2♂, 4♀, CNC); Santa Cruz Mts [37°06′N 121°50′W], 21.iii.1973, in flight, D. Whitman (1♂, EMEC); same data except, on wall (1♀, EMEC); Saratoga Redwood For. [37.2363°N 122.0626°W], 14.iv.1980, S.A. Marshall (2♂, DEBU); Stanford Univ. [37°25′N 122°10′W], 13.iii.1956, PHA (1♀, CAS); same data except, Campus Experimental Area, 1969–1970, A. R. Moldenke (6♂, 9♀, CAS). Santa Cruz County: Bates Ck [37.0116°N 121.9305°W], 3 mi. NNE Soquel, 24–25.iv.1970, clear, cool, E.I. Schlinger (3♂, 2♀, EMEC); same data except, Redwood forest assoc., F. Shon (1♂, EMEC); Bates Ck, 3 mi. NE Soquel, 26.iv.1974, JAP, hovering & alighting on low herbs in partial shade, 1400–1500 (5♂, 3♀, EMEC); 2 mi. N Ben Lomond [37°4′N 122°5′W], 19.iii.1961, D.F. Veirs (1♂, LACM); Big Basin Redwoods SP [37.1668°N 122.2508°W], 29.v.1937, T.G.H. Aitken (1♂, CAS); same data except, 29.vi.1946, PHA (1♂, USNM); same data except, 5.vi.1971, D.G. Denning (3♂, UCDC); same data except, Opal Ck, 14.vi.1978, DDW (1♂, CAS); Felton [37°3′N 122°3′W], St. Cruz Mts, 15–19.v.1907, 300–500 ft, Bradley (1♂, USNM); Glenwood [37°6′N 121°59′W], 19.iv.1964, T.L. Erwin (1♂, USNM); Henry Cowell Redwoods SP [37.0408°N 122.0649°W], 7.vii.1976, D.G. Denning (1♂, UCDC); 3 mi. NNE Soquel [37.0116°N 121.9305°W], 24.iv.1970, JAP (3♂, EMEC); same data except, 130–400 ft, 24.iv.1971, E.I. Schlinger (2♂, EMEC); same data except, 22.iv.1972, E.J. Rogers (1♂, 1♀, EMEC); same data except, 28.iv.1973, S. Swezey (1♂, EMEC); same data except, 26.iv.1974, R. Lem (1♂, EMEC); same data except, 27.iv.1974, M. Buegler (1♂, EMEC); same data except, M. Kirby (1♂, EMEC); same data except, T. Parisian (1♀, EMEC); same data except, D. Tilles (1♂, EMEC); Upper Zyantia Ck, 30.iv.1970, D.E. Foster (3♂, WFBM). Shasta County: Castle Crags SP [41°10′N 122°20′W], 18.ix.1973, D.G. Denning (1♂, UCDC). Solano County: Green Valley [38°15′N 122°9′W], 2.iv.1952, R.M. Bohart (1♂, 2♀, UCDC); same data except, 7.iv.1953 (2♂, UCDC); same data except, 24.iii.1954, E.I. Schlinger (4♂, 8♀, UCDC); Cazadero [38°32′N 123°5′W], 30.iii.1934 (1♂, 1♀, UCDC); 4 mi. W Plantation, 4.iv.1956 (1♂, EMEC); same data except, 21.iv.1957, D. Burdick (1♀, EMEC); same data except, 1.v.1958 (4♂, 1♀, EMEC). Sonoma County: Stillwater Cove [38°32′N 123°17′W], 23.v.1954, E.I. Schlinger (3♂, UCDC); same data except, J.C. Downey (1♂, UCDC); same data except, 7.v.1955 (2♂, 2♀, UCDC). Stanislaus County: Del Puerto Cyn, Frank Raines Pk [37°25ʹN 121°22ʹW], 1200 ft, 13.iv.1973, E. Schlinger (1♂, EMEC); same data except, M. Ross (1♂, EMEC); same data except, 5.iv. 1970, 335 m, PHA, Flight trap, creek (1♂, 1♀, USNM); Del Puerto Cyn, 20 km W Patterson, 270–370 m, 4.iv.1992, JAP (1♀, EMEC). Oregon: Curry County: Timeus Ranch Rsrv nr Brookings, 464 m, 42°06ʹN 124°17ʹW, 23–27.vi.1998, M.S. Wasbauer, YPT (1♂, UCDC).

Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from other species of the E. (En.) manca species group by the male hind femur with a straight sickle-shaped process, base arising obliquely from femur, hind femur only with row of strong setae opposite sickle-shaped process, and male hind tibia usually with distinct curvature and anteroventral lobe or swelling on basal quarter ( Figs 189–191 View FIGURES 188–191 ).

Description. Wing length 5.2–6.5 mm. Male. Similar to E. (En.) manca , except as follows: head with postpedicel long and tapered, 3.5–4× longer than basal width.

Thorax dark brown in ground-colour, densely grey pruinescent. Scutum with pair of narrow, brown to grey vittae between setal rows. Postpronotal lobe, postalar ridge and margin of scutellum pale brown.

Legs slender; coxae yellow, remaining leg segments yellowish brown, slightly darker on apical tarsomeres ( Fig. 188 View FIGURES 188–191 ). Femora with white ventral pile. Fore femur with short dark setae. Fore tibia with several long anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae, 1.5× longer than width of tibia; anterior face with short appressed setae; posterior face with long, erect slender setae, similar to dorsal setae, longer apically; apex with long, ventral preapical setae. Fore tarsomere 1 swollen, subequal to width of apex of tibia; tarsomeres 1–5 with biserial row of spine-like ventral setae; tarsomeres 1–4 with apicolateral pair of spine-like setae, longer than width of segment. Mid femur with row of anteroventral and posteroventral setae, longer at base. Mid tibia with pair of anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae at base, longer than width of tibia; row of several strong ventral setae, slightly longer than width of tibia. Mid tarsomere 1 not swollen, otherwise similar to fore tarsus. Hind femur expanded apically, with slender anteroventral and posteroventral setae on proximal two-thirds, length near width of femur; straight sickle-shaped process on apical third, base arising obliquely from femur, variable in length; row of 6 or more strong posteroventral setae opposite sickle-shaped process, with apex strongly bent posteriorly; ventral swelling distal to process with short posteroventral lobe bearing appressed crown of setae; V-shaped appressed setal ridge distal to swelling; apex without preapical row of posterior setae; with strong preapical anterior and anterodorsal setae ( Figs 189–191 View FIGURES 188–191 ). Hind tibia usually narrowed and slightly twisted at base; distinct anteroventral tapered lobe with short, slender setae on basal quarter; tibia slightly arched to femur distal to lobe with row of thickened anteroventral setae; row of posteroventral setae divided into two parts proximal to lobe; small ridge of appressed preapical posteroventral setae opposite V-shaped ridge of setae on femur; anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae 2 times longer than width of tibia, longer distally ( Figs 189–191 View FIGURES 188–191 ). Hind tarsomere 1 slightly swollen, with similar long dorsal setae as on tibia, otherwise tarsus similar to fore tarsus.

Abdomen yellowish brown, with darker lateral margin and paler posterior margin; apical tergites darker; whitish pruinescence dorsally, with long, dark marginal setae on tergites and sternites. Tergite 7 with thicker cuticle posteromedially, posterior margin sculpted; sclerites of segment 8 fused laterally. Terminalia ( Fig. 197 View FIGURES 197–200 ): hypandrium and phallus yellowish brown; epandrium and cercus dark brown. Cercus short, pointed apically; dorsal margin straight; setae slender, shorter than width of cercus; base weakly fused to epandrial lamella. Subepandrial process extending on either side of phallus. Epandrial lamella narrow, linear, longer than height; posterior margin strongly upturned; bearing long setae ventrally, subequal to width of lamella. Hypandrium short, apical margin rounded, not prolonged laterally; without setae. Phallus with basal half expanded, gradually tapered, arched apically; internal endophallus strongly constricted beyond apex of hypandrium; apex emerging beyond cercus; apex narrow, with elongate opening; spiculate opposite epandrium; ejaculatory apodeme elongate, more than half-length of epandrium, T-shaped, with lateral apodemes on lower third.

Female. Similar to male, except as follows: frons broader, nearly as wide as ocellar triangle; hindleg without modified setae and processes; abdomen dark brown, subshiny. Abdominal pleural membrane without expanded region.

Geographical distribution and seasonal occurrence ( Fig. 193 View FIGURES 192–193 ). Empis (En.) bova sp. nov. is known from southern Oregon and California. Adults have been collected from March to November.

Etymology. The species name is Latin for swollen leg in reference to the modified hind femur-tibia joint in this and many other E. ( Enoplempis ) species.

Nuptial gift presentation. A male paratype (listed above) was examined with an unwrapped Tipulidae fly prey item pinned with the specimen, while other males (listed above) were examined with unwrapped fly ( Cecidomyiidae , Chironomidae , Sciaridae , Mycetophilidae , Hybotidae ) prey items pinned below each specimen. This indicates that males of this species probably present unwrapped prey to females as nuptial gifts.