Capnia s. lat. cordata, 1841

Key to adult males of the Capnia s. lat. cordata View in CoL group

Males of C. ansobiensis Zhiltzova, 1974 , C. montivaga Kimmins, 1946 , and C. shugnanica Zhiltzova, 1974 unknown.

1. Tergum IX with distinctly raised or elongated process .................................................................... 2

– Tergum IX with small process, raised not higher than one third of tergum height in lateral view and not overhanging the segment ............................................................................................................ 4

2. Main epiproct sclerite medially swollen in lateral view; tergum IX with process raised higher than one third of tergum height in lateral view ( Zhiltzova 1974: figs 7, 10) .............................................. ........................................................................ C. s. lat. badakhshanica Zhiltzova, 1974 View in CoL ( Tajikistan)

– Main epiproct sclerite not swollen in lateral view; tergum IX with process not much raised but elongated and overhanging the segment ........................................................................................... 3

3. Tergum IX with wide and bilobed process; main epiproct sclerite wavy in lateral view ( Chen & Song 2019: fig. 5) ................................................. C. s. lat. bilobata Chen & Song, 2019 View in CoL ( China: Shaanxi)

– Tergum IX with narrow and spined process; main epiproct sclerite straight in lateral view ( Fig. 4A, 4C View Fig ) ................................................................... C. s. lat. bispina Cao & Li sp. nov. ( China: Qinghai)

4. Main epiproct sclerite with hooked, ventrally curved apex in lateral view ...................................... 5

– Apex of main epiproct sclerite not curved ventrally ........................................................................ 7

5. Apex of main epiproct sclerite blunt ( Zhiltzova 1969: fig. 5) ............................................................ ....................................... C. s. lat. prolongata Zhiltzova, 1969 ( Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan)

– Apex of main epiproct sclerite acute ................................................................................................ 6

6. Ventral vesicle vestigial; main epiproct sclerite slender in lateral, wider in dorsal view ( Zwick & Sivec 1980: fig. 5a–c) ......................................................................................................................... C. s. lat. montana Kimmins, 1946 ( India: Sikkim; Nepal. Syn.: C. s. lat. swanii Jewett, 1975)

– Ventral vesicle present; main epiproct sclerite wider in lateral, slender in dorsal view (Kimmins 1947: fig. 9a–d) .................................................. C. s. lat. cordata Kimmins, 1946 ( China: Xizang; Nepal)

7. Ventral edge of main epiproct sclerite straight in medial section ..................................................... 8

– Ventral edge of main epiproct sclerite convex in medial section ....................................................11

8. Main epiproct sclerite highest in medial portion in lateral view ...................................................... 9

– Main epiproct sclerite highest in apical third, just before apex ...................................................... 10

9. Apex of main epiproct sclerite evenly truncate (Kimmins 1947: fig. 10a) ......................................... ............................................................................. C. s. lat. tibetana Kimmins, 1946 ( China: Xizang)

– Apex of main epiproct sclerite pointed in lateral, slightly flattened in dorsal view ( Chen & Du 2017a: figs 7–8) ............................................................. C. s. lat. oblata Chen & Du, 2017 ( China: Yunnan)

10. Apex of main epiproct sclerite pointed; ventral vesicle can be vestigial ( Jewett, 1975: fig. 2) ......... ................... C. s. lat. triangulipennis Jewett, 1975 ( Nepal. Syn.: C. s. lat. nepalensis Harper, 1977 )

– Apex of main epiproct sclerite slightly swollen; ventral vesicle present (in Chen & Du 2017a: figs 15–18) ............................................................. C. s. lat. xiei Chen & Du, 2017 ( China: Qinghai)

11. Main epiproct sclerite evenly wide before the apex in dorsal view; tergum IX only with hump (Kimmins 1947: fig. 8b, d) ................................ C. s. lat. hingstoni Kimmins, 1946 ( India: Sikkim)

– Main epiproct sclerite narrowing towards apical third in dorsal view; tergum IX with sclerotized process ............................................................................................................................................ 12

12. Apex of main epiproct sclerite swollen ( Li & Yang 2011: fig. 7) ....................................................... ............................................................ C. s. lat. yunnana Li & Yang, 2011 ( China: Xizang, Yunnan)

– Apex of main epiproct sclerite not swollen .................................................................................... 13

13. Main epiproct sclerite with apical third elliptical to rounded in dorsal view ( Li & Yang 2009: fig. 5) ............................................. C. s. lat. qilianshana Li & Yang, 2009 ( China: Gansu, Qinghai)

– Main epiproct sclerite with apical third triangular in dorsal view .................................................. 14

14. Tip of main epiproct sclerite less pointed in lateral view; ventral vesicle present ( Fig. 10 View Fig ) .............. .................................................................... C. s. lat. huanglong Cao & Li sp. nov. ( China: Sichuan)

– Tip of the main epiproct sclerite more pointed in lateral view; ventral vesicle vestigial ( Jewett, 1958: fig. 2, 2a) ...................................... C. s. lat. manii Jewett, 1958 ( India: Himachal Pradesh; Pakistan)

Key to adult females of the Capnia s. lat. cordata View in CoL group

Females of C. s. lat. huanglong Cao & Li sp. nov. and the two unnamed females sensu Li & Yang (2009) and Shen et al. (2021) unknown.

1. Sternum IX with separated, triangular medial sclerite ( Shen et al. 2021: fig. 11) .............................. ........................................................................ Capnia s. lat. sensu Shen et al. 2021 View in CoL ( China: Xizang)

– Sternum IX without separated medial sclerite .................................................................................. 2

2. Subgenital plate with contrasting dark medial longitudinal area and white lateral portions ............ 3

– Subgenital plate not contrastingly bicolored, or medial area not longitudinal dark patch ............... 6

3. Subgenital plate medial area with four, posteriorly converging ridges ( Zhiltzova 1974: fig. 3) ........ .............................................................................. C. s. lat. ansobiensis Zhiltzova, 1974 ( Tajikistan)

– Subgenital plate medial area lacks ridges ......................................................................................... 4

4. Subgenital plate medial dark area widened in central portion ( Zhiltzova 1974: fig. 12) .................... ............................................................................................ C. s. lat. badakhshanica Zhiltzova, 1974

– Subgenital plate medial dark area with nearly parallell lateral margins ........................................... 5

5. Subgenital plate dark medial area posteriorly bilobed ( Zhiltzova 1974: fig. 17) ................................ .............................................................................. C. s. lat. shugnanica Zhiltzova, 1974 ( Tajikistan)

– Subgenital plate dark medial area posteriorly rounded ( Li & Yang 2009 fig. 8) ................................ ....................................................................... Capnia s. lat. sensu Li & Yang 2009 ( China: Sichuan)

6. Posterior lobe of subgenital plate wider than one third of width of the plate ................................... 7

– Posterior lobe of subgenital plate maximum as wide as third of width of plate ..............................11

7. Posterior lobe of subgenital plate rounded ....................................................................................... 8

– Posterior lobe of subgenital plate weakly trilobed ........................................................................... 9

8. Subgenital plate with anteromedial membranous portion ( Chen & Du 2017a: fig. 12) ...................... ......................................................................................................... C. s. lat. oblata Chen & Du 2017

– Subgenital plate evenly sclerotized (Kimmins 1947: fig. 8f; Chen & Du 2017a: fig. 20) .................. ................................................... C. s. lat. hingstoni Kimmins, 1947 , C. s. lat. xiei Chen & Du 2017

9. Posterior portion of the subgenital plate folded over posterior lobe; posterior lobe expanded laterad in sharp projections ( Chen & Song 2019: fig. 9) ..................... C. s. lat. bilobata Chen & Song 2019

– Subgenital plate not folded over posterior lobe; posterior lobe not or only slightly expanded laterad ............................................................................................................................................. 10

10. Central portion of posterior lobe quadrangular, lateral portions not expanded laterad ( Zhiltzova 1969: 600, fig. 11) ................................................................................ C. s. lat. prolongate Zhiltzova, 1969

– Central portion of posterior lobe rounded, lateral portions slightly expanded laterad (Kimmins 1947: 736, fig. 11) ................................................................................... C. s. lat. montana Kimmins, 1947

11. Posterior lobe of subgenital plate bilobed ( Jewett 1975: fig. 1b) ....................................................... ................................................................................................. C. s. lat. triangulipennis Jewett, 1975

– Posterior lobe of subgenital plate not lobed but quadrangular or rounded ..................................... 12

12. Posterior lobe of subgenital plate not expanded laterad, rounded or quadrangular ........................ 13

– Posterior lobe of subgenital plate expanded laterad ....................................................................... 15

13. Posterior lobe of subgenital plate much wider than long, quadrangular ( Zwick & Sivec 1980: fig. 6c) ............................................................................................. C. s. lat. cordata Kimmins, 1947

– Posterior lobe of subgenital plate about as wide as long, rounded ................................................. 14

14. Posterior lobe of subgenital plate widely separated from lateral sclerites (Kimmins 1947: fig. 10d) .......................................................................................... C. s. lat. tibetana Kimmins, 1947

– Posterior lobe of subgenital plate set close to lateral sclerites ( Jewett 1958: fig. 2b) ......................... ................................................................................................................ C. s. lat. manii Jewett, 1958

15. Posterior lobe of subgenital plate expanded laterad with rounded portions ( Kimmins 1946: fig. 11b) ............................................... C. s. lat. montivaga Kimmins, 1946 ( China: Xizang; Nepal)

– Posterior lobe of subgenital plate expanded laterad with sharp, triangular portions ...................... 16

16. Subgenital plate evenly sclerotized ............................................. C. s. lat. bispina Cao & Li sp. nov.

– Subgenital plate with lightly sclerotized lateral portions ............................................................... 17

17. Posterior lobe of subgenital plate wider than long, posterior edge nearly straight ( Rehman et al. 2022: fig. 11b) ............................................................................... C. s. lat. qilianshana Li and Yang, 2009

– Posterior lobe of the subgenital plate about as wide as long, posterior edge sinuous ( Li et al. 2011: fig. 4) ............................................................................................C. s. lat. yunnana Li & Yang, 2011