Hyposmocoma, FROM

NEW HYPOSMOCOMA FROM KAHOʻOLAWE ISLAND 573

© 2017 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2017, 180, 570–592

574 M. J. MEDEIROS ET AL .

2013. W. Haines & D. Rubinoff, WHP055-13. DNA Etymology: Hyposmocoma anoai , from the Hawaiian extraction DN2172. (UHIM). ʻanoʻai (unexpected). We did not expect to find a representative of this predominantly aquatic or Diagnosis: A Kahoʻolawe Hyposmocoma species forest clade on Kahoʻolawe.

with male genitalia similar to Hyposmocoma pahanalo in terms of having nearly symmetrical Biology: Based on its position in the phylogenetic valvae and spur-like setae that are hugely larger on tree, we expect the larvae of H. anoai to construct the left valva as compared to the right, but without ‘bugle’ case types, based on its being sister to the nearly square bend of the valvae seen in another clade that makes this case type. This species H. pahanalo . The only Kahoʻolawe species with a is a member of a clade usually associated with single band of dark scales extending from base to streams or forests, neither of which are currently apex of forewing. common on Kahoʻolawe.

Description: (N = 1) ( Fig. 3A View Figure 3 ). Wingspan 9.2 mm. Distribution: Known only from Kahoʻolawe Island, Head pale brown. Haustellum with beige scales. Hawai i, where it is presumed to be endemic.

Maxillary palpus reduced. Recurved labial palpus pale brown with some darker scales scattered Remarks: This species is known only from the male throughout. Antennal flagellomeres with alternating holotype; the female of this species is unknown. We rings of dark and pale brown scales; scape dark anticipate that the larvae will be found on woody brown; pecten absent. Thorax, tegula, and vegetation.

metascutellum pale brown. Foreleg coxa very pale brown; femur, tibia, and tarsomeres mostly dark HYPOSMOCOMA HOOILO MEDEIROS, HAINES & brown with some lighter scales scattered throughout. RUBINOFF SP. NOV. ( FIGS 3B View Figure 3 , 4B View Figure 4 , 5A View Figure 5 ) Midleg as foreleg, except tarsomeres missing from specimen. Hindleg entirely very pale brown. Material examined: HOLOTYPE: HI: Kahoʻolawe: Forewing ground colour very pale brown, with Kaukamoku gulch, 20 33 0 33 00 N, 156 35 0 13 00 W. ♂, 7.iii. slightly darker scales near the costal margin; rough 2013, W. Haines & D. Rubinoff, WPH040-13, DNA band of dark brown scales extending from base to extraction 2159, slide WPH040- 13 ♂.

apex with band closer to costal margin starting PARATYPES: HI: Kahoʻolawe: Kaukamoku gulch, halfway along length of wing; fringe short and 20 33 0 33 00 N, 156 35 0 13 00 W. 2 ♂, 2 ♀, 7.iii.2013, W. brown. Hindwing and fringe uniformly pale brown. Haines & D. Rubinoff, WPH041-13, DNA extraction Subcostal brush absent. Abdomen mounted on slide. 2160; WPH043-13; WPH039-13, DNA extraction Sclerotized hook (pseuduncus sensu Zimmerman, DN2158, slide WPH039- 13 ♀; WPH042-13, slide 1978) elongate, recurved, with blunt apex; distinct WPH042- 13 ♀. Kealialalo, 20 32 0 23 00 N, 156 38 0 15 00 W.

sclerotized ring on segment VII. 1 ♂, 5.iii.2013, W. Haines & D. Rubinoff, WPH078- Male genitalia: (N = 1) ( Fig. 4A View Figure 4 ). Valvae roughly 13, DNA extraction DN2184.

symmetrical, both with long and slender arms,

enlarged apically, bent approximately 30° upward in Diagnosis: The only Kahoʻolawe Hyposmocoma with the middle, with two heavy, sclerotized spur-like the apically enlarged left anellus lobe of the male setae projecting dorsally near apex of left valva, and genitalia being notched, and with two distinct dark two much smaller and shorter, sclerotized spur-like bands extending nearly parallel along the forewing.

setae on right valva; setae on left valva at least six times length of those on right. Anellus with two api- Description: (N = 6) ( Fig. 3B View Figure 3 ). Wingspan 11.3 – cally enlarged, asymmetrical lobes, left lobe being 14.0 mm. Head very pale brown. Haustellum with more robust generally, and more apically enlarged very pale brown scales. Maxillary palpus reduced. than right lobe. Phallus large, cylindrical, heavily Recurved labial palpus very light pale brown along sclerotized, curved near apex. third segment, and distal half of second segment;