Hyposmocoma, FROM

NEW HYPOSMOCOMA FROM KAHOʻOLAWE ISLAND 583

Female genitalia: (N = 2) ( Fig. 5G View Figure 5 ). Papillae anales Antennal flagellomeres with alternating rings of short. Apophyses thin and straight; posterior apophy- dark and pale brown scales; scape dark brown; ses very long, about two times length of anterior pecten absent. Thorax, tegula, and metascutellum apophyses. Ostium-bearing process heavily sclero- mottled pale brown to brown. Foreleg and midleg tized and very large, externally protruding, snail-shell coxa, femur, tibia, and tarsomeres mostly dark shaped and curled, with broad base. Ductus bursae brown; fringe brown. Hindleg entirely nearly white. long, about same length as anterior apophysis. Corpus Forewing ground colour pale brown, with three or bursae oval, about same length as anterior apophysis; four wide bands of brown scales extending more or signum absent. Inception of ductus seminalis situated less vertically from costa to anal margin; several at posterior end of corpus bursae. brown spots near cell; some scattered brown scales near anal margin. Hindwing and fringe uniformly

Etymology: Hyposmocoma pahanalo , or ‘hidden pale brown. Subcostal brush absent. Abdomen surfboard’, from the Hawaiian paha (a kind of brown. Sclerotized hook (pseuduncus sensu surfboard) and nalo (missing); this refers to the Zimmerman, 1978) elongate, slender, with pointed presumed larval case of this species, as the ‘flat apex; distinct sclerotized ring on segment VII. purse’ cases in this clade are similar in shape to Female similar to males except frenulum with Hawaiian surfboards. apparently two acanthae and antennae slightly thinner than those of males.

Biology: Based on its position in the phylogenetic Male genitalia: (N = 2) ( Fig. 4I View Figure 4 ). Valvae asymmettree, we expect larvae of H. pahanalo to construct rical, left arm long and robust, enlarged apically, ‘flat purse’ case types, based on its being sister to with four heavy, long, sclerotized spur-like setae proanother clade that makes this case type. jecting dorsally near apex (lost in Fig. 4I View Figure 4 ); right arm long and slender with no heavy setae, apex deeply

Distribution: Known only from Kahoʻolawe Island, notched resulting in the appearance of one large and Hawai i, where it is presumed to be endemic. one small apical lobe. Right valva with a small lateral lobe projecting from near base; left valva with-

HYPOSMOCOMA WAAUHI MEDEIROS, HAINES & out such a lobe. Anellus with two roughly symmetrical lobes, both slender and slightly apically RUBINOFF SP. NOV. ( FIGS 3I View Figure 3 , 4I View Figure 4 ) enlarged. Phallus large, cylindrical, heavily sclerotized, curved near apex.

Material examined: HOLOTYPE: HI: Kahoʻolawe: Female genitalia: (N = 1). Specimen is in unsatis- Honokanaiʻa camp, 20 30 0 54 00 N, 156 40 0 56 00 W. ♂, factory condition to illustrate, as the genitalia are 5.iii.2013, W. Haines & D. Rubinoff, WPH074-13, damaged. Ductus bursa, corpus bursa, and ostium DNA extraction DN2180, slide WPH074- 13♂. unavailable for study. Papillae anales short. Apophy- PARATYPES: HI: Kahoʻolawe: Hakioawa, D 4 ses thin and straight; posterior apophyses long, Planting Area . 1 ♂, 20.x.2008, M. J. Medeiros, about 1.5 9 length of anterior apophyses. Inception slide 08A 48♂. Honokanaiʻa camp, 20 30 0 54 00 N, of ductus seminalis situated at posterior end of cor- 156 40 0 56 00 W. 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 5.iii.2013, W. Haines & D. pus bursae GoogleMaps .

Rubinoff, WPH057-13, DNA extraction DN2174, slide

WPH057- 13♂; WPH075-13, DNA extraction DN2181, Etymology: Hyposmocoma waauhi , or ‘hidden canoe’, slide WPH075- 13♀. from the Hawaiian waʻa (canoe) and uhi (concealed or hidden). This species is so named because we

Diagnosis: The forewing pattern is very similar to hypothesize that it builds ‘tube purse’ cases, their H. kamaula and H. oolea , in being mostly brown shapes resembling canoes, but we still have not with irregular darker spots and irregular dark bands collected the larvae.

of scales extending from costal to anal margin of the forewing. The male genitalia are therefore required Biology: Based on its position in the phylogenetic tree, to diagnose this species. This is the only species of we expect larvae of H. waauhi to construct a ‘tube Kahoʻolawe Hyposmocoma with the right valva purse’ case, based on its being nested within a clade deeply notched. that makes this case type. Larvae of other species in the ‘tube purse’ clade can be found in a diversity of

Description: (N = 4) ( Fig. 3I View Figure 3 ). Wingspan 9.2 – habitats, including decaying logs and leaf litter. They 10.1 mm. Head pale to medium brown. Haustellum presumably feed on decaying plant matter.

with beige scales. Maxillary palpus reduced. Second segment of recurved labial palpus dark brown; third Distribution: Known only from Kahoʻolawe Island,