Hyposmocoma, FROM

NEW HYPOSMOCOMA FROM KAHOʻOLAWE ISLAND 585

islands. Ongoing research aims to attain a complete Bess EC, Catanach TA, Johnson KP. 2014. The imporunderstanding of the patterns and process of diversi- tance of molecular dating analyses for inferring Hawaiian fication within this hyperdiverse group. biogeographical history: a case study with bark lice (Psoci- We had limited time in the field, yet we were able dae: Ptycta ). Journal of Biogeography 41: 158 – 167.

to discover nine new species over the course of only Butler AG. 1881. On a collection of nocturnal Lepidoptera several days of sampling, which suggests that addi- from the Hawaiian Islands. Annals and Magazine of Natutional Hyposmocoma species await discovery and ral History 7: 317 – 333; 392 – 408.

Dupont S, Rubinoff D. 2015. Larval and larval case mordescription on the island of Kahoʻolawe. Addition- phology of Hyposmocoma species ( Lepidoptera : Cosmopteally, owing to the nature of the island’s history, rigidae), with a discussion on adaptations to larval casethe risk of unexploded ordinance precluded access bearing locomotion. Annals of the Entomological Society of to much of Kahoʻolawe, and we were able to sam- America 108: 1037 – 1052.

ple on only small fractions of the total area of the Folmer O, Black M, Hoeh W, Lutz R, Vrijenhoek R. island. Our results exemplify the conservation 1994. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytovalue of a small, heavily degraded landmass. chrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan inverte- Although these areas may not harbour as much brates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology 3: endemic biodiversity as larger, more intact areas, 294 – 299.

they still hold a surprisingly rich and unique biodi- Haines WP, Schmitz P, Rubinoff D. 2014. Ancient diversiversity. It is our hope that future fieldwork on fication of Hyposmocoma moths in Hawaii. Nature Commu- Kahoʻolawe will yield exciting new finds, not only nications 5: 1 – 7. doi:10.1038/ncomms4502 .

for the sake of a deeper understanding of biogeo- Kawahara AY, Rubinoff D. 2012. Three new species of graphical processes across the Hawaiian Islands, Fancy Case caterpillars from threatened forests of Hawaii but also to document new species and in turn, to ( Lepidoptera , Cosmopterigidae , Hyposmocoma ). ZooKeys raise awareness of the conservation importance of 170: 1 – 20.

this highly degraded island. Kawahara AY, Rubinoff D. 2013. Convergent evolution of morphology and habitat use in the explosive Hawaiian fancy case caterpillar radiation. Journal of Evolutionary

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Biology 26: 1763 – 1773.

We thank the Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Commis- Lanfear R, Calcott B, Kainer D, Mayer C, Stamatakis sion and staff, especially James Bruch and Paul A. 2014. Selecting optimal partitioning schemes for Higashino, for granting us access and assistance on phylogenomic datasets. BMC Evolutionary Biology 14: Kahoʻolawe. Sam Ohu Gon III (The Nature Conser- 82 – 95.

vancy Hawai � i) helped select Hawaiian names for the Lerner HRL, Meyer M, James HF, Hofreiter M, Fleisnew species. P. Schmitz, A. Kawahara, and D. Nitta cher R. 2011. Multilocus resolution of phylogeny and time- (University of Hawai � i at Mānoa) generated much of scale in the extant adaptive radiation of Hawaiian honeycreepers. Current Biology 21: 1838 – 1844 .

the molecular data used to construct the phylogeny. Lorence DH, Wood KR. 1994. Kanaloa, a new genus of We also thank Robert Dudley, Jay Lan, and the Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) from Hawaii. Novon 4: 137 – 145 .

Urban School of San Francisco (especially Matthew Medeiros MJ. 2009. A revision of the endemic Hawaiian Casey, Jonathan Howland, and many Urban genus Thyrocopa ( Lepidoptera : Xyloryctidae : Xyloryctinae). Advanced Studies Genetics students). This research Zootaxa 2202: 1 – 47.

was funded in part by the College of Tropical Agri- Medeiros MJ, Adamski D. 2012. Three new species of culture and Human Resources, University of Hawai � i Hawaiian moths from Kahoolawe island ( Lepidoptera : at M anoa �, the National Science Foundation award Crambidae & Coleophoridae ). Zootaxa 3341: 59 – 63.

#DEB-0918341, and United States Department of Medeiros MJ, Gillespie RG. 2011. Biogeography and the Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education evolution of flightlessness in a radiation of Hawaiian moths and Extension (CSREES) project HAW00942-H ( Xyloryctidae : Thyrocopa ). Journal of Biogeography 38: administered by the College of Tropical Agriculture 101 – 111.

and Human Resources, University of Hawai � i. Addi- Nishida GM. 2002. Hawaiian terrestrial arthropod checklist. tional funding was made by contributors to the Sci- Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Biological Survey, Bishop Museum Fund Challenge. Press .

Obbard DJ, Maclennan J, Kim KW, Rambaut A,

O’Grady PM, Jiggins FM. 2012. Estimating divergence

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