Hyposmocoma, FROM

NEW HYPOSMOCOMA FROM KAHOʻOLAWE ISLAND 579

longitudinally along length of forewing. Although structure constructed from silk, lichens, and other H. oolea and H. waauhi also have bands of scales debris. The case tapers to a point and has a single orientated similarly, they are darker in colour than entrance at the broader end. This species was not those of H. kanaloa . This species has quite robust collected at lights, and the only known specimens valvae on the male genitalia, with spur-like setae that were reared from case-making larvae found on bark are close in size between the left and right valva; of a very old wiliwili tree ( Erythrina sandwicensis ). however, prominent lateral lobes on the valvae are not There are very few ‘old growth’ stands of wiliwili on present as they are in H. mahoepo and H. oolea . Kahoʻolawe, although efforts are underway to restore more of this dry forest tree through extensive Description: (N = 2) ( Fig. 3D View Figure 3 ). Wingspan 8.0 – outplantings.

8.2 mm. Head with both pale yellow and pale grey patches of scales. Haustellum with beige scales. Distribution: Known only from Kahoʻolawe Island, Maxillary palpus reduced. Recurved labial palpus Hawai i, where it is presumed to be endemic.

mostly pale grey with patches of nearly white scales.

Antennal flagellomeres dark brown; pedicel pale

HYPOSMOCOMA MAHOEPO MEDEIROS, HAINES &

brown;

scape

dark brown;

pecten present.

Thorax,

RUBINOFF SP. NOV. ( FIGS 3E View Figure 3 , 4E View Figure 4 , 5D View Figure 5 ) tegula, and metascutellum dark grey. Legs mostly grey with numerous bands of pale yellow scales,

especially at distal end of each segment. Forewings Material examined: HOLOTYPE: HI: Kahoʻolawe: mostly grey, with several rough, wide bands of white Hakioawa, D 4 Planting Area. ♂, 19.vii.2011, M. J. scales extending either fully or partially from costal Medeiros, slide 11A02 ♂.

margin to anal margin; fringe nearly white. Hindwing PARATYPES: HI: Kahoʻolawe: Hakioawa , Area 11. 1 and fringe uniformly pale brown. Subcostal brush ♂, 22.x.2008, M. J. Medeiros, slide 08A 65♂. Hakioawa , absent. Abdomens mounted on slides. Sclerotized D 4 Planting Area . 1 ♂, 2 ♀, 19 – 20.vii.2011, M. J. hook (pseuduncus sensu Zimmerman, 1978) elongate, Medeiros (specimens missing abdomens). Honokanaiʻa nearly straight, apex blunt; distinct sclerotized ring camp, 20 30 0 54 00 N, 156 40 0 56 00 W. 1 ♂, 4 ♀, 5.iii.2013, W. on segment VII. Females similar to males except Haines & D. Rubinoff, WPH059-13, DNA extraction frenulum with three acanthae and antennae slightly DN2176, slide ♂ WPH059-13; WPH052-13, DNA extracthinner than those of males. tion DN2169; WPH053-13, DNA extraction DN2170, Male genitalia: (N = 1) ( Fig. 4D View Figure 4 ). Valvae roughly slide ♀ WPH053-13; WPH054-13, DNA extraction symmetrical, both with long arms bent nearly 90 ° DN2171; WPH058-13, DNA extraction DN2175, slide ♀ halfway along length, enlarged and rounded apically, WPH058-13. Kaukamoku gulch, 20 33 0 33 00 N, with three heavy, sclerotized spur-like setae project- 156 35 0 13 00 W. 2 ♂, 7.iii. 2013, W. Haines & D. Rubinoff, ing dorsally near apex of left valva, and three WPH045-13, DNA extraction DN2162; WPH046-13, slightly smaller setae on right valva; both valvae DNA extraction DN2163. Kaukaukapapa, 20 32 0 7 00 N, broadly notched near apex. Anellus with two asym- 156 41 0 36 00 W. 2 ♀, 5.iii.2013, W. Haines & D. Rubinoff, metrical lobes, left lobe being robust and nearly WPH093-13, DNA extraction DN2195; WPH098-13, straight, right lobe rounded apically. Phallus large, DNA extraction DN2200. Kealaikahiki. 1 ♀ (hand colcylindrical, heavily sclerotized, curved near apex. lected), 5 – 7.iii.2013, W. Haines & D. Rubinoff, Female genitalia: (N = 1) Fig. 5C View Figure 5 ). Papillae anales WPH089-13, DNA extraction DN2191. Kealaikahiki, short. Apophyses thin and straight; anterior and pos- Keanakeiki beach. 3 ♂, 1 ♀, 21.x.2008, M. J. Medeiros, terior apophyses both very long. Ostium-bearing pro- slides 08A 49♂, 08A 50♀, & 08A 55♂. Kealialalo, cess heavily sclerotized and very large, externally 20 32 0 23 00 N, 156 38 0 15 00 W. 3 ♂, 5.iii.2013, W. Haines & protruding, snail-shell shaped and curled, with broad D. Rubinoff, WPH079-13, DNA extraction DN2185; base. Ductus bursae about 0.5 9 length of anterior WPH080-13, DNA extraction DN2186; WPH083-13, apophysis. Corpus bursae oval, about 0.75 9 length DNA extraction DN2189, slide WPH083-13. Pu’u o of anterior apophysis; signum absent. Inception of Moa’ula Nui, N 20.55715 W 156.57303. 1 ♂, 6.iii.2013, ductus seminalis situated at posterior end of corpus W. Haines & D. Rubinoff, WPH091-13, DNA extraction bursae. DN2193 GoogleMaps .

Etymology: Hyposmocoma kanaloa is named after Diagnosis: The only Kahoʻolawe Hyposmocoma with the Hawaiian word Kanaloa, an ancient name for male genitalia having roughly symmetrical valvae, the presiding deity of Kahoʻolawe. with three lobes on each dorsal edge, and robust setae on each side. The forewing pattern is similar to Biology: Larvae of this species have a ‘burrito’ case H. pahanalo , but H. mahoepo has a band of dark