Prototyrtaeus duartei Spiessberger and Ivie

Prototyrtaeus duartei Spiessberger and Ivie , new species

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( Figs. 1 View Figs , 15a View Fig , 16g View Fig , 17a View Fig )

Type Material. Holotype. DOMIN. REP: Prov. Santiago; Par. Nac. Armando Bermudez; Valle de Bao. 1785m. 9JULY; 1992. pine bark at night; 19°04’N. 71°02’W. M. Ivie ( WIBF, to be deposited in NMNH) GoogleMaps . Paratypes (422). 42: Same locality data as holotype (36 WIBF, 1 MNHN, 1 CMNC, 1 RLAC, 1 ADSC, 1 SMNS, 1 HNHM). GoogleMaps 65: DOMIN. REP: Prov. Santiago; Par. Nac. ArmandoBermudez; N. slope LaPelona . 2865m; 19°02’N. 71°00’W. 09JULY; 1992. M.A. & R.O. Ivie (54 WIBF, 1 MNHN, 1 CMNC, 1 BMNH, 2 CNCI, 1 RLAC, 2 MNHNSD, 1 ADSC, 1 SMNS, 1 HNHM). GoogleMaps 28: DOMIN. REP: Prov. Santiago; Par. Nac. Armando-Bermudez; N. slope LaPelona . 2575m; 09JULY1992. under rocks; M.A. & R.O. Ivie colrs (23 WIBF, 1 CMNC, 1 BMNH, 1 RLAC, 1 ADSC, 1 SMNS). 12: DOM. REP: Prov. San Juan; Par. Nac. Armando-Bermudez; Pico Duarte Weather Sta ; 19°02’N. 71°00’W. 2885m; 06APR1992. M.A. Ivie colr ( WIBF). GoogleMaps 15: Loma Rucilla &; mts. N., Dom. Rep.; June’38, 5- 8,000 ft.; Darlington (14 MCZC, 1 WIBF). 9: cloudforest; vic. Valle Nuevo ; Aug’38, Dom.Rep.; c. 6,000 ft, Darl. ( MCZC). 11: Loma Rucilla ; June’38, Dom. Rep.; 8-10,000 ft.; Darlington ( MCZC). 1: Valle Nuevo; SE Constanza ; Aug.’38, Dom. Rep.; c. 7,000 ft., Darl.( MCZC). 3: DOM. REP., LaVega,; 53km.SE. Constanza ; August 9, 1979; C.W.O’ Brien ( WIBF). 4: DOM. REP., LaVega,; 53km. SE. Constanza ; August 9,1979; L.B.O’ Brien ( WIBF). 1: DOM. REP., La Vega,; 47km. SE. Constanza ; August 9,1979; C.W.O’ Brien ( WIBF). 1: DOM. REP., La Vega,; 53km . SE. Constanza ; August 9,1979; G.B. Marshall ( WIBF). 4: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC:; Piquito del Yaque ; 11 AUGUST 1964 ( NMNH). 4: DOM. REP.: Par. Nac. Almando [sic, misspelling of Armando]; Bermudez, Cordillera Cent.; slopes of Pico del Yaque ; 04 SEP 1988, 1930- 2415m; beating in pine forest/ M.A. Ivie, T.K. Philips; & K.A. Johnson colrs. ( WIBF). 1: DOM. REP.: Par. Nac. Almando [sic, misspelling of Armando]; Bermudez, Cordillera Cent.; summit Pico Duarte ; 05AUG1988, M.A. Ivie,; K. Philips & K.A. Johnson / Pico Duarte official; elev. 3175m, our; altimeter read 2970m/ under rocks ( WIBF). 4: DOM. REP.: Par. Nac. Almando [sic, misspelling of Armando]; Bermudez, Cordillera Cent.; slopes of Pico del Yaque ; 06 SEP 1988, 2570m; fern, pine & stump litter/ M.A. Ivie, T.K. Philips; & K.A. Johnson colrs. ( WIBF). 1: DOM. REP.: Par. Nac. Almando [sic, misspelling of Armando]; Bermudez, Cordillera Cent.; Aguita Fria , 2560m; 04SEP1988, M.A. Ivie,; K. Philips & K.A. Johnson ( WIBF). 2: DOMINICAN; REP. 6000’; 8/5-63/ MOSS PLANTS; 63-; 20062 ( NMNH). 4: DOMIN. REP: Par.Nac. Almando [sic, misspelling of Armando]; Bermudez, Cordillera Cent.; AguitaFria (2560m) – saddle; W. Pico del Yaque ( 2690m); 05 SEP 1988, beating veg./ M.A. Ivie, T.K. Philips; & K.A. Johnson colrs. (3 WIBF, 1 CNCI). 1: DOMINIC. REP.: Prov. La Vega; 40km S. Constanza , 2165m; M. A. Ivie, T. K. Philips; & K. A. Johnson colrs.; litter under moss & log ( WIBF). 2: DOM.REP: Prov. Santiago; N. slope Pico del Yaque ; 2515m, flight int. trap; 08APR-07JUL1992, pine; forest. M.A. & R.O. Ivie ( WIBF). 1 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC:; Pico Duarte Trail – 8700 ft.; Aguita Fria – sweeping; 19°01.979’N, 70°56.194’W; 30 June 2004 S.W. Lingafelter ( WIBF). GoogleMaps 2: DOM. REP: Prov. Santiago; Par. Nac. ArmandoBermudez; LomalaRucilla , 05APR1992; white fungus on roots; M. Ivie, D. Sikes, W. Lanier ( WIBF). 2: DOMIN. REP: Prov. San Juan; Par. Nac. ArmandoBermudez; Pico Duarte weather sta .; 2855M, 08JULY1992; M.A. & R.O. Ivie colrs/ 19°02N, 71°00W; under rocks ( WIBF). GoogleMaps 1: DOM. REP: Prov. La Vega; nr. Buena Vista, Hotel; La Montana , 03APR1992; flight intercept trap; M.A. Ivie, D.S. Sikes ( WIBF). 1: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: La; Vega. Cordillera Central,; Reserva Valle Nuevo, La; Nevera, 15.1 km SE Valle; Nuevo , 18-41-47N, 70- 35-30W; 2252 m, 25 May 2003 / R. Davidson, C. Young,; C. Nunez, J. Rawlins, P.; Acevedo, montane meadow; in cloud forest, pine,; hand collected,; Sample 24142/ Carnegie Museum; Specimen Number; CMNH- 377,316 ( CMNH). 16: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC:; La Vega. Reserva; Cientifica Valle Nuevo,; Sector La Nevera, 3km; WNW La Nuez , 2200 m./ 18-42N, 70-36W.; 7 October 1991; C. Young, S. Thompson,; R. Davidson, J. Rawlins; Mesic pine woodland/ Carnegie Museum; Specimen Number; CMNH- 376,189 \ 384,808 \ 388,391 \ 376,717 \ 378,905 \ 387,031 \ 377,999 \ 381,124 \ 379,916 \ 376,841 \ 381,104 ( CMNH), 380,628 \ 388,066 \ 380,929 \ 380,136 \ 386,187 ( WIBF). 4: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC:; Peravia. 3km SW; La Nuez, uper; Rio Las Cuevas. / 18-40N, 70-36W. 1850m; 5-6 August 1990; J. Rawlins, S. Thompson / Carnegie Museum; Specimen Number; CMNH- 402,535 \ 397,685 \ 398,449 ( CMNH), 396,873 ( WIBF). 19: DOM.REP: Prov. Santiago; ParNac. ArmandoBermudez; N.side La Pelona , 2850m; 07APRIL1992, under rock; M.A. Ivie, & D.S. Sikes (11 WIBF, 2 CNCI, 3 FSCA, 2 MHNG, 1 INHS). 1: DOM.REP: Prov. Santiago; P.Nac. ArmandoBermudez; Aguita Fria , f.i.t.; 19°02’N, 70°56’W, 2545m; 07JULY1992 - 24JULY1993 / M.A. Ivie &; D.S. Sikes ( WIBF). GoogleMaps 1: DOMIN.REP: Prov. SanJuan; P.N.A. Bermudez , 2380-; 2575m, 08APR1992, Aguita; Fria to LaCompartacion; 70°57’N, 70°57’W, M. Ivie ( WIBF). GoogleMaps 1: DOMIN.REP: Prov. Santiago; Par. Nac. Armando Bermudez; summit of La Pelona ; 09JULY1992, under rocks; 3087m M.A. & R.O. Ivie ( WIBF). 12: DOM.REP: Prov. SanJuan; Pico Duarte weather ; sta., 2885m, 06APR1992; under & around rocks; M.A. Ivie & D.S. Sikes ( WIBF). 4: DOMIN.REP: Prov. SanJuan; 19°02’N, 70°56’W, 2545m; Aguita Fria, P.N.A. Berm ; 08APR- 07JUL1992, M.A.; Ivie, flight inter. trap ( WIBF). GoogleMaps 3: DOM.REP: Prov. Santigo; N.side Pico del Yaque ; 19°03’N, 70°56’W, 2515m; JULY1992 - JULY1993; flight intercept trap ( WIBF). GoogleMaps 1: DOM.REP: Prov. Santiago; P.Nac. ArmandoBermudez; N.side Pico del Yaque ; 19°03’N, 70°56’W, 2515m; 25-29JULY1993, f.i.t./ D.S. Sikes &; R.P. Rosenfeld ( WIBF). GoogleMaps 2: DOM.REP: Prov. Santiago; Par. Nac. Armando-Bermudez; Pico del Yaque , 2425m; 05APR1992.rotten pine; M. Ivie, D. Sikes, W. Lanier ( WIBF). 2: DOM.REP: Prov. La Vega; Par. Nac. Armando-Bermudez; LosTablones , 1245m, 19°03’; N. 70°53’W, 07 JULY 1992; M.A. & R.O. Ivie colrs/ 19°02N, 71°00W; under rocks ( WIBF). GoogleMaps 1: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC:; La Vega. Reserva; Cientifica Valle Nuevo,; Sector La Nevera, 3km ; WNW La Nuez , 2200 m./ 18-42N, 70-36W.; 7 October 1991; C. Young, S. Thompson,; R. Davidson, J. Rawlins; Mesic pine woodland/ Carnegie Museum; Specimen Number; CMNH- 385,702 ( CNMH). 89: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC:; Peravia. 3 km SW La; Nuez, upper Rio Las; Cuevas , 1880m.; 18-39N, 70-36W/ 5-6 October 1991; J. Rawlins, R. Davidson; C. Young, S. Thompson; Cloud forest on river/ Carnegie Museum; Specimen Number; CMNH- 388,634 \ 388,868 \ 377,746 \ 378,272 \ 386,020 \ 387,968 \ 379,971 \ 388,909 \ 378,025 \ 376,794 \ 380,207 \ 380,849 \ 386,033 \ 384,024 \ 384,599 \ 380,987 \ 382,714 \ 382,693 \ 384,836 \ 382,636 \ 386,956 \ 378,977 \ 386,394 \ 380,875 \ 382,480 \ 376,851 \ 379,700 \ 380,032 \ 388,376 \ 378,603 \ 385,703 \ 386,806 \ 383,430 \ 385,892 \ 384,711 \ 378,972 \ 382,991 \ 386,148 \ 387,906 \ 378,447 \ 377,392 \ 379,291 \ 380,968 \ 384,109 \ 387,967 \ 379,458 \ 388,459 \ 380,505 \ 382,508 \ 377,338 \ 380,054 \ 388,622 \ 380,168 \ 377,672 \ 379,272 \ 379,928 \ 377,333 \ 387,476 \ 388,950 \ 380,639 \ 377,439 \ 387,170 \ 377,547 \ 382,071 \ 384,920 \ 382,763 \ 378,576 \ 383,038 \ 388,533 \ 376,395 \ 388,893 \ 381,079 \ 378,648 \ 381,759 \ 380,931 \ 384,138 \ 384,153 \ 384,638 \ 383,201 \ 382,982 \ 383,995 (80 CMNH),\ 383,038 \ 379,573 \ 387,584 \ 381,675 \ 378,159 \ 378,100 \ 376,298 \ 384,989 \ 385,457 (9 WIBF). 25: DOMINICAN REP.: La Vega; 2km before La Nevera ; 2.VIII.1980 A. Norrbom; 2200m (20 CMNH, 5 WIBF). 11: Republica Dominicana; Prov. La Vega, Valle; Nuevo, La Nevera ; 18.VIII.1983. E. Mascano; #22197 (10 IIBZ, 1 WIBF). 2: República Dominicana; Prov. La Vega, Parque Nacional; Valle Nuevo, La Lechuguilla , 26; agosto 2010 / A. Sánchez, C. Suriel, G de los Santos; C. Marte, S. Carrero; Insectos de Sabanas de altura; PtF1 BV C5 (1 IIBZ, 1 WIBF). 2: República Dominicana; Prov. La Vega, Parque Nacional; Valle Nuevo, Sabana Quel´ız , 25; agosto 2010 / A. Sánchez, C. Suriel, G. de los; Santos, C. Marte, S. Carrero; Insectos de Sabana de altura; PEPZ BV C4 ( IIBZ). 1: Republica Dominicana, Prov. San; Juan, Parque Nacional José del; Carmen Ram´ırez, Sabana de; Macutico 19Q28178E 2105904N/ 1,999m, 15 Noviembre 2015, R.; Bastardo, C. Suriel, G. de los Santos; C. Morte, R. Rodriguez; C6/ Macutico 15.XI.2014; Coleta General ( IIBZ). 1: Republica Dominicana; Prov. La Veja, Parque Nacional; Valle Nuevo , 18 Enero 2011 / A. Sánchez, C. Suriel, G. de los; Santos, C. Marte, S. Carrero; Insectos de Sabana de altura; PEA4 C1 BS ( IIBZ). 1: Republica Dominicana, Prov. San; Juan, Parque Nacional Jose del; Carmen Ramirez, Sabana de; Macutico 19Q281278E 2105904N/ 1999m 15 Noviembre 2015, R.; Bastardo, C. Suriel, G. de los Santos,; C. Morte, R. Rodriguez ( IIBZ). 1: República Dominicana; Prov. La Vega, Valle; Nuevo, La Nevera ,; 18.VIII.1983 E. Marcano,; #22147 (*) ( IIBZ). 1: República Dominicana; Prov. La Vega, entrada Valle del; Tetero, Agüita Fr´ıa 17.XII.2005; A. Marmolejos & R. Rodr´ıguez ( IIBZ) .

Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by having a non-metallic integument; bicolored antenna; moderately transverse pronotum with a beaded anterior margin and widest at the base; and intercoxal process of ventrite 1 broadly rounded ( Fig. 16g View Fig ). Only three species of Prototyrtaeus have a bicolored antenna, the main difference being that P. maestrensis and P. turquinensis have a dark antenna, with the apex of the apical antennomere brighter, while P. duartei has the first four antennomeres black and the remaining six pale yellow.

Etymology. The species is named in honor of the Dominican Republic’ s founding father, Juan Pablo Duarte (1813–1876), revolutionary hero, writer, and poet, whose name is given to the mountain that lies in the center of the range of P. duartei. Pico Duarte (officially 3,087 m high) is not only the highest peak in the Dominican Republic, it holds that position for the West Indies as a whole. It was previously named Pico Trujillo from its identification as the highest peak on Hispaniola in 1944 until the 1961 assassination of dictator Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina (1891–1961).

Description. 2.5–4.0 mm long, 1.5–2.0 mm wide. Dorsal surface piceous with very sparse erect, fine, golden setae, and few longer setae along lateral elytral margin, shiny; antenna bicolored, black and yellow. Head not as wide as anterior edge of pronotum, moderately, coarsely punctate, punctures subequal to eye facet, scarcely setose; epistomal suture weakly marked; clypeus more densely setose, bearing longer setae, longer still on labrum; antenna with 9 antennomeres ( Fig. 15a View Fig ), bicolored, antennomere 2 subequal in length, slightly wider than 3, antennomeres 1–4 dark, 5–6 vary from brown to dark yellow, 7–9 yellow and forming club, club gradually decreasing in width, antennomere 7 widest, last antennomere rounded at apex. Pronotum moderately transverse, widest at base, sparsely and finely punctate, punctures smaller than eye facet; all margins beaded, anterior margin slightly bisinuate, lateral margin nearly straight, converging towards apex, sometimes slightly rounded, bead width gradually increasing posteriorly, visible setae in dorsal view projecting laterally, posterior margin arcuate with bead nearly effaced medially, anterior angles rounded, projecting, posterior angles obtuse. Elytron without striae, with faint, shallow, small punctures, pair of long setae above lateral groove on basal fourth, 1 long seta above lateral groove on apical third (if missing, distinct puncture present) ( Fig. 16a View Fig ). Metaventrite short, lateral area smooth or weakly punctate; metanepisternum smooth or weakly punctate. Pro- and mesocoxae rounded (external view), metacoxa transverse, narrowing outwards, femora with short, sparse, golden setae, protibia cylindrical, with sparse, straight, golden setae on dorsal surface, ventrally completely setose, becoming dense, golden brush on apical half, tarsomere 1 slightly enlarged ( Fig. 16e View Fig ). Intercoxal process of ventrite 1 broadly rounded ( Fig. 16g View Fig ), sparsely punctate, punctures each bearing a very fine, golden seta. Aedeagus ( Fig. 17a View Fig ) with basale slightly longer than apicale, apicale becoming slightly acuminate at apex; in lateral view basale slightly curved on basal third, apicale slightly curved on apical third.

Distribution. Hispaniola: Dominican Republic ( Fig. 18 View Figs ).

Biology. The species is found at high elevations in the Cordillera Central. It is quite common within its range, being obvious on the surface of lichens on the trunks of Pinus L. ( Pinaceae ) along the trails in the high Cordillera Central (MAI, personal observation). It has also been taken repeatedly under rocks, some of which were also associated with lichens, and in one case on white fungi growing on the roots of Pinus occidentalis Sw. Two larvae of this species were taken with adults, one with the holotype and several paratypes on the bark of P. occidentalis and the other under rocks. Adults have been taken on lichens, in mosses, in a rotten pine log, and beating pines and general vegetation. Berlese samples from fern, pine and stump litter, litter under moss, and a log also yielded specimens. Specimens labeled from flight intercept traps were from traps that allowed flightless individuals to crawl into the pan as if it were a pitfall trap (MAI, unpublished data).

Remarks. This is the most commonly taken of the Hispaniolan species of Prototyrtaeus.