Paranectriaceae, Darmostuk, Etayo & Flakus, 2025

Key of the lichenicolous species included in the family Paranectriaceae

1a. Asci with two types of ascospores (macro- and microspores)................................................................................................. 2

1b. Asci with one type of ascospores ........................................................................................................................................... 4

2a. Macrospores with pointed ends, mostly> 50 μm in length, ascomata with dense arachnoid tomentum at the lower part ................................................................................................................................................................................ 3

2b. Macrospores with rounded ends, mostly 40–60 μm in length, ascomata rarely with arachnoid tomentum at the lower part ................................................................................................................................................. Ovicuculispora parmeliae View in CoL

3a. Macrospores with hair-like surface, (53.0–)56.4–66.2(–75.8) μm in length ......................... Ovicuculispora cf. macrospora View in CoL

3b. Macrospores with smooth surface, 67–105 μm in length .......................................................... Ovicuculispora macrospora View in CoL

4a. Ascospores filiform, (8–)10–15-septate .................................................................................................................................. 5

4b. Ascospores ellipsoid to ovoid, 1–3-septate to muriform ......................................................................................................... 8

5a. Ascomata solitary, lemon yellow, ascospores (125–)140–155(–180) × (2.8–)3.4–4.4(–4.6) μm, on Tylophoron ................................................................................................................................... Rossmaniella tylophori

5b. Ascomata in group of 3–12, pale to bright orange, on other hosts.......................................................................................... 6

6a. Ascomata entirely covered by whitish tomentum, ascospores (12–)14–16-septate, individual cells (6.4–)8.0–12.2 (–12.8) μm, on Coenogonium ........................................................................................................ Rossmaniella coenogonii

6b. Ascomata covered by yellowish tomentum in the lower half, ascospores 8–12-septate, individual cells> 12 μm, on various hosts except Coenogonium ......................................................................................................................................... 7

7a. Ascomata in group of 3–5(–7), without distinct hairs near the ostiolate part, ascospores (160–)165–175(–180) × (2.4–)2.5–2.8(–3.0) μm, individual cells (13.2–)15.2–21.0(–23.8) μm ................................................ Rossmaniella cryptica

7b. Ascomata in group (5–)7–12, with distinct hairs near the ostiolate part, ascospores (165–)180–200(–210) × (2.8–)3.0– 3.4(–3.8) μm, individual cells (11.0–)11.5–13.7(–14.5) μm ................................................................. Rossmaniella filispora

8a. Ascospores muriform .............................................................................................................................................................. 9

8b. Ascospores 1–3-septate .........................................................................................................................................................11

9a. Ascomata 200–400 μm, asci <140 μm in length, ascospores 25–45 μm in length ............................................................. 10

9b. Ascomata 400–750 μm, asci 140–220 μm in length, ascospores (45–)54–75(–92) μm in length........... Paranectria alstrupii View in CoL

10a. Ascomata globose, 300–400 μm, asci 2–4-spored, ascospores (10–)13–18(–23) μm in width ........... Paranectria superba View in CoL

10b. Ascomata ovoid to pyriform, 140–260(–300) μm, asci (4–)8-spored, ascospores (7–)8–12(–14) μm in width.................................................................................................................... Ciliomyces oropensis View in CoL

11a. Asci 4-spored, ascospores 1-septate, on Physciaceae View in CoL ........................................................... Sphaeronectria lichenophila

11b. Asci 8-spored, ascospores 3-septate, on Ephebe ................................................................................... Paranectria affinis View in CoL