Piruapsis Galileo & Martins, 2006

Piruapsis Galileo & Martins, 2006 View in CoL

Remarks. – Galileo & Martins (2006) commented on the etymology of Piruapsis (translated): “Junction of the words, piruá, in Tupi = bubble, and psis, ending of the generic name Necydalopsis , type-genus of the tribe; alluding to the shape of antennomeres III and IV.” However, this statement encompasses a mistake: the suffix of the genus Necydalopsis is “opsis.” Therefore, the authors introduced a problem regarding the gender of the genus. They considered it to be masculine gender and named the type species as “antennatus.” However, the suffix “opsis” is feminine gender. Nevertheless, we think that the gender should still be treated as masculine, because the suffix was incorrectly used ( ICZN 1999: 30.2.2, 30.2.3).

Piruapsis tubericornis sp. nov.

( Fig. 10 -23)

ZooBank:http://zoobank.org/ F88B2F51-5A3A-48FB-8F6B-14414A3DBD59

Holotype, ♂, ECUADOR, Azuay: 3200 m, hwy 582, 10 km NW of Cuenca , 6.VIII.2021, J. Vlasak leg. ( MZSP).

Paratypes, 1 ♂ ( MSZP) , 14 ♂ ( JVCO) , 2♀ ( MSZP) , 5 ♀ ( JVCO) same data as holotype .

Description of the holotype ( Fig. 10-14)

Coloration. – Head capsule black, except dark reddish-brown apical area of antennal tubercles; ventral mouthparts reddish brown, except palpomeres partially brownish basally, gradually yellowish brown toward whitish apex; scape orangish brown dorsally, black laterally and ventrally; pedicel reddish brown dorsally, dark reddish brown basally and apically on ventral and lateral surfaces, black on remaining surface; antennomeres III– IV partially dark reddish brown dorsally, black on remaining surface, except reddish brown base of ventral and lateral surfaces of III, and orangish brown base of ventral and lateral surfaces of IV; antennomere V dark yellowish brown basally, dark brown on remaining surface; antennomeres VI–IX yellowish brown basally, gradually dark brown toward apex; antennomere X yellowish brown basally, gradually brown toward apex; antennomere XI yellowish brown basally, mostly brownish on remaining surface; outer surface of mandibles mostly dark reddish brown on basal 2/3, black on remaining surface. Pronotum dark brown, except black gibbosities; sides and ventral surface of prothorax black, except dark reddish-brown area close to anterior margin, postcoxal processes, and prosternal process dark brown basally, dark reddish brown apically. Ventral surface of mesothorax mostly dark brown, with some irregular areas slightly dark reddish brown. Ventral surface of metathorax black laterally, mostly dark brown on remaining surface except wide, oblique reddish-brown area on each side of middle of metaventrite. Scutellum black, slightly lighter on anterocentral region. Elytra reddish brown basally, more orangish brown close to scutellum, dark brown on wide central area, with irregular dark reddish-brown areas interspersed, except five irregular blackish maculae, one near suture on anterior fifth, one on side of dorsal surface of anterior fifth, one dorsally, located about middle, one near suture after middle, and another on beginning of posterior third of dorsal surface, located closer to side than to the suture; posterior quarter mostly dark brown toward suture, dark orangish brown toward epipleural margin. Coxae mostly dark brown. Trochanters mostly brownish. Femoral peduncles light orangish brown; femoral clubs orangish brown dorsally and on superior area of sides, except narrow black band close to base of peduncle, blackish on remaining surface. Pro- and mesotibiae partially blackish basally, more dark brown on base of metatibiae, blackish apically; remaining surface of protibiae orangish brown, orangish on mesotibiae, and pale yellow on metatibiae. Tarsomeres I–II reddish brown basally, lighter on metatarsomeres, brown on remaining surface, lighter on metatarsomeres; tarsomeres III mostly reddish brown; tarsomere IV and basal 2/3 of V brown, remaining surface of V reddish. Tarsal claws yellowish brown basally, brownish apically. Ventrites reddish brown, except posterior area mostly yellowish brown.

Head. – Frons widely depressed on each side of middle, depressions not reaching eyes, tumid on sides of anterior area, forming distinct transverse depression on each side close to clypeus; abundantly, finely punctate toward middle, abundantly, somewhat coarsely punctate laterally; with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, pubescence yellower depending on light intensity, and long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed laterally. Antennal tubercles abundantly, finely punctate, except smooth apex; pubescence as on frons, except glabrous apex. Vertex abundantly, finely punctate, punctures slightly coarser toward prothorax; with dense yellowish-white pubescence between antennal tubercles, sparser, slightly yellower, with brownish pubescence interspersed on remaining surface, brownish pubescence sparser than remaining pubescence;with a few long, erect yellowish-brown setae close to eyes. Area behind upper eye lobes with dense yellowish-brown setae close to eye, with sculpturing and pubescence as on posterior area of vertex; with a few long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed close to eye. Area behind lower eye lobes with punctures slightly sparser and coarser than behind upper eye lobes; with abundant, bristly yellowish pubescence and long, erect setae of same color interspersed, pubescence denser close to eye. Genae somewhat abundantly, finely punctate, except smooth apex; with yellowish pubescencenot obscuring integument, pubescence yellower depending on light intensity, denser close to eye, and long, erect setae of same color interspersed, except glabrous smooth area. Wide central area of postclypeus with abundant, bristly yellowish pubescence, sparser centrally, pubescence yellower depending on light intensity, andlong, erectsetaeof same color interspersed.Sidesof postclypeus glabrous. Labrum finely punctate close to anteclypeus, almost smooth on remaining surface; with long yellowish setae directed forward, and long yellowish-brown setae interspersed laterally, except anterocentral region with short yellowish-brown setae. Gulamentum smooth, glabrous on posterior third, transversely striate-punctate, with somewhat sparse, both short and long erect yellowish setae. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.44 times distance between outer margins of eyes; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.65 times distance between outer margins of eyes. Antennae 1.6 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex near middle of antennomere X. Scape distinctly widened toward apex; with abundant yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument dorsally and superior area of sides, and a few short, decumbent yellowish setae on remaining surface; with long, erect yellowish

6-7. Unatara polylepis sp. nov., paratype ♀. 6. Dorsal habitus. 7. Ventral habitus.

8-9. Unatara atinga Martins & Napp, 2007 , paratype ♀. 8. Dorsal habitus. 9. Head and pronotum.

setae interspersed throughout. Pedicel and antennomeres III–IV with yellowish-brown pubescence dorsally, and a few short, decumbent setae of same color on remaining surface; with long, erect setae of same color interspersed, erect setae distinctly sparser ventrally on III–IV; antennomeres III–IV strongly widened, piriform, especially III. Antennomeres V–XI filiform; with yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument, slightly more brownish on dark area;with short, erect yellowish setae interspersed dorsally; with long, erect yellowish setae interspersed on apex of V–X, and a few long, erect yellowish setae interspersed ventrally on V–VII; apex of XI with abundant, short yellowish setae apically.

Antennal formula based on length of antennomere III:

– Scape = 0.69. – Pedicel = 0.24. – IV = 1.08. – V = 0.79. – VI = 0.72. – VII = 0.69. – VIII = 0.67. – IX = 0.65. – X = 0.58. – XI = 0.70.

Thorax. – Prothorax longer than wide; sides strongly constricted on posterior sixth, subparallel-sided on anterior quarter after basal constriction, then widened and rounded toward posterior constriction. Pronotum semicircularly tumid close to anterior margin, with one large, elevated, longitudinal tubercle on each side, located between anterior third and posterior constriction, with apex subtruncate; somewhat abundantly, finely punctate; with abundant yellowish pubescence, denser laterally and on posterior half, exceptblackishpubescence onanteriorregionof lateral tubercles and glabrous central area close to posterior constriction; with sparse, long, erect yellowish setae interspersed. Sides of prothorax with punctures as on pronotum, except almost smooth posterior region; with somewhat abundant yellowish pubescence, except glabrous posterior region. Prosternum densely, finely punctate on posterior 2/3, except central area close to prosternal process with sparse, shallow, coarse punctures, and smooth area close to procoxal cavities; anterior third with a few fine punctures on its posterior half, except transversely striate central area close to anterior half, somewhat rugose-punctate on anterior half; posterior 2/3 with yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument, sparser centrally and absent close to procoxal cavities and central area close to prosternal process, and long, erect setae of same color interspersed; anterior third with sparse, long, erect yellowish-brown setae. Prosternal process strongly narrowed centrally, longitudinally sulcate on this area, pentagon-shaped on apical third; with a few yellowish setae basally, glabrous on remaining surface. Mesoventrite with sparse yellowish pubescence, and long, erect setae of same color interspersed, except glabrous apical sides. Mesanepisternum and mesepimeron with sparse brownish pubescence close to mesoventrite and procoxal cavity, and dense pale-yellow pubescence close to elytra. Mesoventral process 0.2 times mesocoxal width; longitudinally, deeply sulcate centrally from basal quarter. Metanepisternum with a few short, decumbent yellowish setae, and long, erect setae of same color interspersed, except dense yellowish-brown pubescence apically. Metaventrite somewhat sparsely, finely punctate laterally and anteriorly, sparsely, coarsely punctate centrally, except smooth posterocentral area, and area close to metacoxal cavities; with wide, oblique pale-yellow pubescent band from outer sides to mesocoxal cavities, pubescence gradually sparser toward mesocoxal cavities; area between oblique pubescent band and metanepisternum with a few short, decumbent yellowish setae; anterocentral region with somewhat sparse, both yellowish and whitish pubescence, and long,erectyellowish-brown setae interspersed; with wide band of sparse, erect yellowish-brown setae on each side of middle of posterior half; remaining surface glabrous. Scutellum with dense golden pubescence centrally, almost absent laterally.

Elytra. – Not entirely covering last abdominal segment; densely, finely rugose-punctate; with abundant yellowish-white pubescence partially obscuring integument on some areas, pubescence yellower depending on light intensity, except dark brown pubescence on blackish maculae, and somewhat abundant glabrous spots interspersed; with long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed; apex individually rounded.

Legs. – Femora with sparse, decumbent yellowish setae on peduncle, ventral surface and most of sides of club, pubescence bristly and more abundant on ventral surface of peduncle, and long, erect setae of same color interspersed; dorsal surface and superior area of sides of club with dense pale-yellow pubescence, with glabrous subcircular areas interspersed, except glabrous apex of sides, and long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed. Tibiae with yellowish-white pubescence on dorsal surface of base, somewhat sparse, yellowish on remaining surface, pubescence more yellowish-brown on posterior area of ventral surface, and long, erect light yellowish-brown setae interspersed, erect setae darker apically. Metatarsomere I longer than II–III together.

Abdomen. – Ventrites somewhat sparsely, finely punctate, except smooth apex of 1–4. Ventrite 1 with abundant yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument on basal third, except central area, sparse laterally, absent on remaining surface, and with long, erect setae of same color throughout, except on apex.Ventrites 2–5 withsparse yellowish pubescence on basal sides, pubescence sparser toward 5, and with long, erect setae of same color throughout, except on apex of 2–4.Apex of ventrite 5 truncate.

Female ( Fig. 15- 23). Similar to male, but differs as follows: -Antennae shorter, reaching about posterior third of elytra;

- Scape slender; antennomeres III–IV only slightly widened toward apex;

- Posterior2/3of prosternum with punctures slightlycoarseranddistinctlysparser; overall darker color, tibiae mostly dark.

Variationsintheparatypes. – Antennal tubercles black; maxillary palpomeres I–III yellowish brown, maxillary palpomere IV and labial palpomeres reddish brown; dorsal surface of scape and pedicel dark reddish brown; antennomeres III–IV entirely blackish; antennomere IX dark reddish brown basally, blackish on remaining surface; antennomeres X–XI entirely blackish; prothorax almost entirely black; ventral surface of mesothorax black; ventral surface of metathorax black, with irregular dark reddish brown area on each side of middle of metaventrite; elytra almost entirely dark brown, except the blackish maculae; femoral peduncles mostly yellowish-brown; pro- and mesotibiae entirely dark brown; tarsi almost entirely orangish brown. General pubescence and erect setae on head and pronotum distinctly yellowish-brown. Antennae 1.4 times elytral length in male paratype, almost reaching elytral apex.

Dimensions (mm) (holotype ♂ / paratype ♂ / paratypes ♀). – Total length, 9.95/6.45–11.25/8.00–10.40;

– Prothoracic length, 2.10/1.35–2.40/1.60–1.90;

– Anterior prothoracic width, 1.70/1.05–1.80/1.40–1.65;

– Posterior prothoracic width, 1.60/1.00–1.80/1.20–1.45;

– Maximum prothoracic width, 2.00/1.25–2.25/1.50–1.85;

– Humeral width, 2.55/1.50–2.952.00–2.55;

– Elytral length, 6.10/3.45–6.80/5.00–5.30.

Etymology. – The specific epithet “tubericornis ” (from Latin tuber, meaning bump or swelling, and cornus, meaning horn) refers to the broadly swollen antennomeres III and IV in males.

Remarks. – Females of Piruapsis tubericornis sp. nov. is similar to females of P.nigellus ( White, 1855) , but differs as follows: elytra not entirely covering the abdomen; and posterior half of elytra with two blackish maculae strongly obliquely arranged. In the holotype female of P.nigellus , the elytra cover the abdomen, and the posterior half of the elytra has a wide, almost transverse dark band. Males of Piruapsis tubericornis sp. nov. differs from the holotype male of P. vestitus ( White, 1855) especially by the antennomeres III and IV strongly piriform, while they are just slightly widened apically in P. vestitus . As already suggested by White (1855), P. nigellus is probably the female of P. vestitus , which reinforces the strong difference from the new species when comparing males.

Altitudarium gen. nov.

( Fig. 24 -33)

ZooBank:http://zoobank.org/ 1AD18D12-1DAA-48EA-A527-DC863D5CD137

Type species: Altitudarium andinum View in CoL sp. nov., here designated.

Etymology. – Latin, “altitudo” (meaning altitude, height) + the suffix “arium”, used to form nouns denoting a “place where things are kept”, referring to the high elevation where the holotype was collected. Neuter gender.

Description. – Average sized. Body elongate, not strongly convex. Frons transverse. Vertex elevated and convex after eyes. Antennal tubercles moderately elevated, far from each

10 -14. Holotype ♂. 10. Dorsal habitus. 11. Ventral habitus. 12. Lateral habitus. 13. Head, frontal view. 14. Head, dorsal view.

15 -17. Paratype ♀ (eclosed with a deformed elytra). 15. Dorsal habitus. 16. Ventral habitus. 17. Prosternum.

other. Eyes finely granulated; upper eye lobes narrow, about as wide as half of basal diameter of scape, distance between them wider than five times width of the lobe; lower eye lobes about as long as gena; area of connection between eye lobes with single row of ommatidia. Maxillary palpomere IV and labial palpomere III fusiform. Antennae 11-segmented, not reaching elytral apex in both sexes; scape widened toward apex, more distinctly in males, about as long as antennomere III in male, shorter than III in females; antennomeres III–XI cylindrical in both sexes; antennomere IV shorter than III in both sexes. Prothorax distinctly wider in male than in female; sides of prothorax with two wide lateral gibbosities in males, almost absent in females. Pronotum in both sexes with five tubercles, two on each side of central region, located about middle, another on center of apical half, and a gibbosity on each side of apical half; central area of anterior quarter elevated and projected forward in both sexes, this elevation fused to the central tubercle by narrow and slightly elevated carina in both sexes; posterior constriction well marked in both sexes; central region, including the two innermost anterolateral tubercles and central tubercle tumid in both sexes. Prosternum in males ( Fig. 24) distinctly tumid, abundantly and coarsely punctate on posterior 3/4, except smooth area close to procoxal cavities; prosternum in females ( Fig. 27) not tumid, with sparse, somewhat coarse punctures on posterior 2/3. Procoxal cavities open posteriorly in males, slightly open in females, open laterally in both sexes. Prosternal process distinctly narrowed centrally in both sexes. Mesoventral process gradually narrowed toward apex and depressed centrally on wide posterior area in both sexes. Scutellum distinctly more elevated than circum-scutellar region, longitudinally sulcate centrally in both sexes. Elytra with irregular, slight depression on anterior third of basal surface in both sexes; surface somewhat flattened posteriorly in both sexes; surface very coarsely, shallowly punctate, somewhat rugose in both sexes; apex individually rounded in both sexes; distinctly longer in females than in males when compared to the prothoracic length. Femora pedunculate-clavate, slightly arched basally in both sexes; femoral club more slender in females; slightly, longitudinally depressed and flattened ventrally, depression gradually wider and more distinct toward apex. Procoxae not conical; metacoxae not close to each other.

Remarks. – As other genera currently included in Necydalopsini Lacordaire, 1869 , Altitudarium gen. nov. does not share some features reported for the tribe in the original description: procoxae conico-cylindrical, not angular laterally, closed posteriorly; and metacoxae contiguous.

However, it is provisionally included in Necydalopsini due to the presence of other similar genera as, for example, Ozodes Audinet-Serville, 1834 .

Altitudarium View in CoL gen. nov. differs from Piruapsis Galileo & Martins 2007 View in CoL , by the antennomeres III–IV cylindrical in males (strongly piriform in males of Piruapsis View in CoL ); and prothorax not distinctly elongate in males (elongate in males of Piruapsis View in CoL ).

It differs from Ozodes View in CoL by the antennae in males not reaching elytral apex (distinctly surpassing in males of Ozodes View in CoL ); antennomeres not sulcate dorsally (sulcate in Ozodes View in CoL , except O. sexmaculatus Zajciw, 1967 View in CoL ); and prothorax distinctly wider in males (slender in males of Ozodes View in CoL ).

Altitudarium gen. nov. differs from Neozodes Zajciw, 1958 , by pronotum distinctly tuberculate (tubercles absent in Neozodes ), and antennae not reaching elytral apex in males (distinctly surpassing in males of Neozodes ).

It differs from Eucharassus Bates, 1885 , especially by the antennae in males not reaching elytral apex (surpassing in males of Eucharassus ), and antennomeres not dorsally sulcate (sulcate in Eucharassus ).