Theridiosoma O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879
publication ID |
https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2025.1010.3021 |
publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:90524F49-7BA2-4B8A-9BE3-450CB77A31A0 |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17151312 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C987C4-B517-8C1D-FDE9-FEDDFDC1FD4D |
treatment provided by |
Plazi |
scientific name |
Theridiosoma O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879 |
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Theridiosoma O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879 View in CoL
Theridiosoma O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879: 193 View in CoL .
Type species: Theridiosoma argenteolum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879 View in CoL (= Theridiosoma gemmosum (L. Koch, 1877)) View in CoL .
Diagnosis
Males of Theridiosoma resemble those of Andasta Simon, 1895 , Tantra gen. nov. and Zoma Saaristo, 1996 by the embolic apophysis divided multiple times (more than three times, see “fragmented” in Coddington 1986 and Labarque & Griswold 2014), forming branches prolaterally and retrolaterally to the embolus (e.g., Zhao & Li 2012: fig. 27d), but Theridiosoma can be distinguished by having more than one prolateral branch (see “bristle-like parts” in Coddington 1986), protruding from beneath the conductor ( Fig. 32D–F View Fig ; see also Coddington 1986; Rodrigues & Ott 2005; Miller et al. 2009; Zhao & Li 2012; Dupérré & Tapia 2017; Suzuki et al. 2020), whereas Andasta have all branches covered by the conductor ( Saaristo 2010: fig. 38 6–7), Tantra gen. nov. have one retrolateral branch ( Figs 34E View Fig , 38E View Fig , 42E View Fig ) and Zoma have one prolateral branch ( Miller et al. 2009: fig. 10F; Zhao & Li 2012: fig. 28d; Ballarin et al. 2021: fig. 5c), projecting from beneath the conductor. Females of Theridiosoma can be distinguished from those of other genera by the distal copulatory ducts convoluting antero-posteriorly ( Figs 6A View Fig , 33D View Fig ; see also Coddington 1986; Rodrigues & Ott 2005; Miller et al. 2009; Zhao & Li 2012; Dupérré & Tapia 2017; Suzuki et al. 2020).
Description
Males of Theridiosoma have the conductor with heavily sclerotized (i.e., dark) posterior extension ( Fig. 32D–F View Fig ; see also Coddington 1986; Rodrigues & Ott 2005; Miller et al. 2009; Zhao & Li 2012; Dupérré & Tapia 2017; Suzuki et al. 2020) that may have prolateral (e.g., Coddington 1986: figs 154– 156) or retrolateral (e.g., Suzuki et al. 2020: fig. 7e–g) heavily sclerotized projections. In addition, the conductor may have a prolateral, acute and posteriorly elongated apophysis that articulates with it through a membrane (e.g., Suzuki et al. 2020: fig. 7e–g). The embolic apophysis prolateral branches may be filiform, flexible and elongated, with a wide ( Fig. 32D–F; e.g View Fig ., Zhao & Li 2012: fig. 28a–d) or an acute and heavily sclerotized tip (e.g., Suzuki et al. 2020: fig. 7e–g). Females of Theridiosoma have the epigynal plate protruding ventrally, which may be flat (i.e., straight in lateral view; Figs 6B View Fig , 33B; e.g View Fig ., Suzuki et al. 2020: fig. 7d) or domed (i.e., curved in posterior view; e.g., Coddington 1986: figs 138, 143) and may be entire (e.g., Rodrigues & Ott 2005: fig. 6) or divided (e.g., Suzuki et al. 2020: fig. 5a–d), the dorsal epigynal plate exposed protruding from beneath the copulatory opening posteriorly ( Fig. 33B–D; e.g View Fig ., Coddington 1986: fig. 143; Dupérré & Tapia 2017: figs 28–29; Suzuki et al. 2020: fig. 5a, c), massive proximal copulatory ducts (i.e., more than three times the diameter of the distal region), that may be fused (e.g., Lopardo & Hormiga 2015: fig. 123a) or separated ( Figs 6A View Fig , 33D View Fig ), with a dorsal patch of gland ducts, and distal copulatory ducts inserting ventromedially posteriorly into the spermathecae ( Fig. 6A–B View Fig ; see also Coddington 1986; Rodrigues & Ott 2005; Miller et al. 2009; Zhao & Li 2012; Dupérré & Tapia 2017; Suzuki et al. 2020). For further genus description details, see Coddington (1986) and Labarque & Griswold (2014).
Remarks
Dupérré & Tapia (2017) suggested that a median apophysis distally acute with an anterior median groove was diagnostic for Theridiosoma , but this character is present in all the members of Theridiosomatinae (see Labarque & Griswold 2014).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Theridiosoma O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879
Labarque, Facundo M., Piacentini, Luis N., Pons, Joan, Hormiga, Gustavo, Arnedo, Miquel A. & Ramírez, Martín J. 2025 |
Theridiosoma O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879: 193
Pickard-Cambridge O. 1879: 193 |