Chthonos kaibe, Labarque & Piacentini & Pons & Hormiga & Arnedo & Ramírez, 2025

Chthonos kaibe sp. nov.

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Figs 1 View Fig , 10–11 View Fig View Fig

Diagnosis

Males and females of Chthonos kaibe sp. nov. resemble the males of C. kuyllur Dupérré & Tapia, 2017 by the presence of two pairs of proximally separated lateral tubercles, wider than long, relatively short, that slightly exceed the dorsum of the opisthosoma ( Figs 10A–B View Fig , 11A–B View Fig ; Dupérré & Tapia 2017: fig. 1), but males of C. kaibe can be distinguished by having the conductor apophysis retrolaterally hooked, whereas it is hooked prolaterally in C. kuyllur ( Fig. 10E View Fig ; Dupérré & Tapia 2017: fig. 2).

Etymology

The specific name is derived from ‘kaibe’ which means ‘alone’ in the Ngäbere language, currently spoken by the Ngäbe native people of Panama, and refers to the separated lateral tubercles of the opisthosoma.

Type material

Holotype

PANAMA – Panama Province • ♂; Parque Nacional Altos de Campana , one-hectare PANCODING inventory; 8.683444° N, 79.929833° W; 895 m a.s.l.; 14–19 Jun. 2007; M. Arnedo, D. Dimitrov, G. Hormiga, F. Labarque and M. Ramírez leg.; voucher code SCB1DED007; DNA code chts3e12; GenBank code PX097002 ; MIUP.

GoogleMaps

Paratypes

PANAMA – Panama Province • 1 ♂; same data as for holotype; voucher code SCU2NDD007; preparation codes FML-00693, LNP-00283; DNA code chts3117; GenBank code PX097001 ; MACNAr 29000 GoogleMaps • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; voucher code SCU1NFH016; preparation code LNP-00289; DNA code chts3109; GenBank code PX097000 ; MACN-Ar 28999 GoogleMaps • 1 ♂; same data as for holotype; voucher code SCU2NDA009; DNA code chts 3g 12; GenBank code PX097003 ; MCZ. GoogleMaps – Coclé Province • 1 ♂; Parque Nacional General de División Omar Torrijos Herrera , El Cope , one-hectare PANCODING inventory; 8.668083° N, 80.592583° W; 760 m a.s.l.; 4–9 Jun. 2008; M. Arnedo, L. Benavides, G. Hormiga, F. Labarque and M. Ramírez leg.; voucher code STU1N7H024; DNA barcode SPIPA406-10 ; MCZ. GoogleMaps

Description

Male ( paratype MACN-Ar 29000)

Total length 1.50. Prosoma: length 0.80, width 0.62, height 0.61. Sternum: length 0.37, width 0.44. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.10, PME 0.08, AME–PME 0.10. Opisthosoma: length 1.24, width 1.14, height 0.95. Leg formula: 1243. Dorsal shield of prosoma reddish-brown ( Fig. 10A View Fig ). Sternum reddish-brown ( Fig. 10B–C View Fig ). Opisthosoma color overall yellowish-white with numerous setal sclerotized pits, and dorsal reddish-brown scutum with symmetric lighter pattern ( Fig. 10A–B View Fig ). Epiandrum, booklung cover, and tracheal spiracle reddish-brown ( Fig. 10B–C View Fig ). Spinneret field orange surrounded by reddish-brown sclerotized ring ( Fig. 10B–C View Fig ). Legs I–II darker than III–IV, femora and tibiae brownish-orange with lighter middle band, metatarsi brownish-orange but proximally lighter, patellae and tarsi orange ( Fig. 10A–C View Fig ). Palp: cymbium distally pointed, paracymbium proximally extended, median apophysis retrolateral side with blunt projection extending ventrally, conductor apophysis hooked, embolus entire and covered by conductor ( Fig. 10D–F View Fig ).

Female ( paratype MACN-Ar 28999)

Total length 1.65. Prosoma: length 0.87, width 0.67, height 0.67. Sternum: length 0.41, width 0.46. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.09, PME 0.08, AME–PME 0.10. Opisthosoma: length 1.26, width 1.42, height 1.04. Leg formula: 1243. Coloration lighter and greenish-browner than male ( Fig. 11A–C View Fig ). Opisthosoma scutum absent ( Fig. 11A–B View Fig ). Epigynal plate reddish-brown ( Fig. 10C View Fig ), with transverse ridges, transverse groove deep, central pit toothed ( Fig. 11D View Fig ). Vulva: copulatory ducts irregular and membranous, with patch of gland ducts dorsally, inserting ventrolaterally posteriorly into spermathecae, spermathecae round, sclerotized, and connate (i.e., fused along the midline), fertilization ducts sclerotized, emerging laterally posteriorly from spermathecae, curving dorsally anteriorly to meet uterus externus ( Fig. 11D View Fig ).

Records and biology

Records are limited to collections made at 760 m a.s.l. and 895 m a.s.l. in premontane rainforest from Parque Nacional Altos de Campana and Parque Nacional General de División Omar Torrijos Herrera, respectively ( Fig. 1 View Fig ). Males and a single female have been collected mostly at night by looking up; one male specimen was collected during the day by beating.

Variation

Some males examined have the prosoma and opisthosoma darker than the described specimen.

Remarks

Males of C. kaibe sp. nov. differ from those of other Panamanian species of Chthonos by the conductor apophysis wider than long, less sclerotized, relatively small ( Fig. 10E View Fig ), whereas C. dobo sp. nov. have the apophysis heavily sclerotized (i.e., dark; Fig. 8E View Fig ) and C. kwati sp. nov. have it longer than wide ( Fig. 12E View Fig ).