Brevipalpus californicus ( Banks 1904 )

Brevipalpus californicus ( Banks 1904) View in CoL

(Probably group of species Brevipalpus californicus, Beard et al. 2015 )

Material examined — 2 ♂♂: 1 ♂ (Altınordu, N40°57′1.99″ E38°0′15.43″, 13 m,

02. IX.2019), 1 ♂ (İkizce, N41°2′58.80″ E37°4′23.71″, 147 m, 31. VII.2019)

Remarks — Beard et al. (2015) identified 4 morpho-type groups in this species that are still due for further examination. According to confirmed specimens, this species was detected in Australia, Ecuador, Italy, Mexico, Nepal, Palestine, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, The Philippines, USA (MD). It was collected from Abies sp. ( Pinaceae ), Begonia sp. ( Bignoniaceae ); Chirimoya sp. ( Annonaceae ); Choisya ternate Kunth , Citrus sp. Citrus aurtantifolium (Christm.), Citrus nobilis Lour. ( Rutaceae ), coconut Cocos nucifera L. (Areaceae); Gardenia sp.

( Rubiaceae ); lemon ( Rutaceae ); orchids ( Orchidaceae ) and tea Camelia sinensis L. ( Theaceae )

in these countries ( Beard et al. 2015). In Türkiye, it was collected from Philadelphus coro-

narius L. ( Hydrangeaceae ) in Erzurum by Çobanoğlu et al. (2020). Brevipalpus species can damage plants by causing symptoms such as chlorosis, blistering, bronzing, or necrotic areas at high population densities. Their most significant impact is the ability to transmit plant viruses ( Tshikhudo et al. 2021). Although there is no record of B. californicus ’s damage to kiwi, it is an economically important Brevipalpus species that feed on twigs, petioles, leaf surfaces,

and developing buds of seedlings. Its feeding causes silvering of affected tissue and brown speckling of orange rinds. Due to feeding, Grevilla robust Cunningham’s leaves become chlorotic, turn brown and drop prematurely ( Childers et al. 2003). Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot , Amblyseius largoensis (Muma) , Euseius scutalis (Athias-Henriot) , Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) , Proprioseiopsis sp. ( Mesostigmata : Phytoseiidae ) and Cheletomimus

sp. ( Trombidiformes : Cheyletidae ) were given among natural enemies associated with B. californisus by Cortez- Mondaca et al. (2022). Among them, Proprioseiopsis okanagensis

(Chant) ( Mesostigmata : Phytoseiidae ) was found in kiwifruit orchards in the current study.