Bifronsina bifrons (Stenhammar, 1855)

Bifronsina bifrons (Stenhammar, 1855) View in CoL

Material examined. Cattle farm: COASTAL MESETA. 4♀♀, Oulad Abbou Village ( 33°06'59.8"N 7°56'13.4"W), 3.III.2019 GoogleMaps . 7♀♀, Lmchawir Village ( 32°46'23.1"N 8°29'06.5"W), 17.I.2019 GoogleMaps . 50♂♂, 25♀♀, Safi City ( 32°23'53.0"N 9°10'39.0"W), 7.XI.2018 GoogleMaps . 2♀♀, Birjdid Village ( 33°22'06.7"N 8°00'52.8"W), 21.I.2019 GoogleMaps . 1♀, Tnin Chtouka Village ( 33°19'13.7"N 8°10'57.1"W), 8.IV.2018 GoogleMaps . 3♂♂, 5♀♀, Sidi Aabed Village ( 32°44'16.6"N 9°00'59.0"W), 18.I.2019 GoogleMaps . MIDDLE ATLAS. 8♂♂, 22♀♀, Elksiba Village ( 32°34'10.9"N 6°02'43.1"W), 7.XI.2018 GoogleMaps . RIF. 250♂♂, 161♀♀, Mansoura Village ( 34°50'02.9"N 4°57'49.7"W), 29. GoogleMaps V.2021. 4♂♂, 3♀♀, Sidi Mansour Village ( 35°14'16.7"N 3°57'04.5"W), 3. GoogleMaps V.2019. 3♂, 1♀♀, Ben Karrich Village ( 34°49'55.2"N 4°58'30.0"W), 19.IV.2019 GoogleMaps . 6♂♂, 10♀♀, Aïn Zarka Village ( 35°31'12.7"N 5°20'42.8"W), 23.XII.2018 GoogleMaps . 6♀♀, Dghalyen Village ( 35°51'03.5"N 5°23'16.6"W), 1. GoogleMaps V.2019. 2♀♀, Beni Mazala Village ( 35°51'38.7"N 5°23'22.9"W), 28.IV.2019 GoogleMaps . 1♂, Moulay Yaakoub Village ( 34°11'16.2"N 4°58'51.0"W), 7.XI.2018 GoogleMaps . Equine : MIDDLE ATLAS . 1♂, 2♀♀, Bejaad Village ( 32°46'18.6"N 6°21'18.7"W), 12.XII.2018 GoogleMaps . RIF. 100♂♂, 116♀♀, Mansoura Village ( 34°50'02.9"N 4°57'49.7"W), 17. GoogleMaps V.2021. 2♂♂, 1♀, Ben Karrich Village ( 34°49'55.2"N 4°58'30.0"W), 17. GoogleMaps V.2021. 1♂, Dghalyen Village ( 35°51'03.5"N 5°23'16.6"W), 1. GoogleMaps V.2019. Goat : RIF . 21♂♂, 12♀♀, Mansoura Village ( 34°50'02.9"N 4°57'49.7"W), 29. GoogleMaps V.2021. 7♀♀, Dghalyen Village ( 35°51'03.5"N 5°23'16.6"W), 1. GoogleMaps V.2019. 2♂♂, 5♀♀, Beni Mazala Village ( 35°51'38.7"N 5°23'22.9"W), 28.IV.2019 GoogleMaps . 1♂, Al Kachla Village ( 35°50'40.6"N 5°23'12.6"W), 4. GoogleMaps V.2019. Sheep husbandry: COASTAL MESETA . 3♀♀, Nahda Village ( 32°14'22.9"N 8°33'12.2"W), 21.I.2020 GoogleMaps . 13♂♂, 14♀♀, Oulad Abbou Village ( 33°06'59.8"N 7°56'13.4"W), 3.III.2019 GoogleMaps . 1♀, Sidi Maachou Village ( 33°08'52.8"N 8°07'06.7"W), 14.XII.2018 GoogleMaps . MIDDLE ATLAS. 1♂, 6♀♀, Elksiba Village ( 32°34'10.9"N 6°02'43.1"W), 7.XI.2018 GoogleMaps . RIF. 1♂, Bab Taza Village ( 35°02'43.2"N 5°13'47.8"W), 28.IV.2019 GoogleMaps . 783♂♂, 798♀♀, Mansoura Village ( 34°50'02.9"N 4°57'49.7"W), 30. GoogleMaps V.2021.

Distribution in Morocco. COASTAL MESETA. Birjdid, Lmchawir, Nahda, Oulad Abbou, Safi, Sidi Aabed, Sidi Maachou, Tnin Chtouka; MIDDLE ATLAS. Bejaad, Elksiba; RIF. Aîn Zarka, Al Kachla, Bab Taza, Beni Mazala, Ben Karrich, Dghalyen, Mansoura, Moulay Yaakoub, Sidi Mansour.

General distribution. Afrotropical – Madagascar, Seychelles, South Africa, Zaire; Australasian/Oceanic – Australia (ACT, VIC), Bonin Is. ( Japan), French Polynesia (Tahiti), Guam ( USA), Hawaii ( USA), Kiribati ( Tarawa Atoll), Marshall Is., Micronesia ( Ponape, Yap Is.), North Mariana Is., New Zealand, Niue, Palau ( USA); Nearctic – Canada; Neotropical – Argentia, Barbados, Bermuda, Brazil, Costa Rica, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Galápagos Is. ( Ecuador), Jamaica, Mexico (HID), St. Kitts, St. Vincent; Oriental – China (HAI), India ( Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh), Philippines, Taiwan; Palaearctic – Afghanistan, Andorra, Austria, Azores ( Portugal), Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Is. ( Spain), Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), Israel, Japan, Latvia, Madeira ( Portugal), Malta, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Roumania, Russia (CET, FE, NET, WS), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (incl. Balearic Is.), Sweden, Switzerland, Tadjikistan ( Roháček et al., 2001).

Biology. In our study, this species was captured in association with cattle, equine, goats, and sheep. It is a common coprophagous species ( Papp, 1978).