Bolyphantes gladius Irfan, Zhang & Peng

Bolyphantes gladius Irfan, Zhang & Peng , sp. n.

(剑äù刺e)

Figures 33–35 View FIGURE 33 View FIGURE 34 View FIGURE 35 , 310 View FIGURE 310 , 315 View FIGURE 315

Types. Holotype ♂ ( HNU–HN– IV–1773 ), CHINA, Hunan Prov.: Shaoyang City, Chengbu Co., Rulin Town , Daqiao Vill ., 26.34097°N, 110.27828°E, 168 m, 08.IX.2017, G.C. Zhou et al. leg.. GoogleMaps Paratypes: 1♂ 14♀, with same data as for holotype male ( HNU–HN– IV–1773 ); GoogleMaps 1♀, Huaihua City, Huitong Co., Tuanhe Town , Xiangyan Vill. , Yingzuijie NNR , 26.83700°N, 109.88804°E, 684 m, 28.X.2017, G.C. Zhou leg. ( HNU–HN– IV–1764 ); GoogleMaps 2♀, Huaihua City, Huitong Co., Tuanhe Town , Diaotang Vill. , Yingzuijie NNR , 26.89206°N, 109.93273°E, 168 m, 30.X.2017, G.C. Zhou leg. ( HNU–HN– IV–1770 ); GoogleMaps 2♂ 17♀, Hengyang City, Nanyue District, Nanyue Town , Anle Chong , 27.23389°N, 112.71862°E, 145 m, 18.I.2018, G.C. Zhou & L.Y. Wang leg. ( HNU–HNHS–18–07 ); GoogleMaps 1♀, HuangzhuVill., NanyueTown, Nanyue District , Hengyang City , 27.26225°N, 112.73683°E, 160 m, 18.I.2018, G.C. Zhou & L.Y. Wang leg. ( HNU–HNHS–18–08 ); GoogleMaps Guizhou Prov.: 3♂ 8♀, Tongren City, Shiqian Co., Pingshan Town , Pingshan NNR , 27.33086°N, 108.15612°E, 655 m, 01.XI.2017 G.C. Zhou leg. ( HNU–GZ– IV–1703 ); GoogleMaps 2♂ 3♀, Tongren City, Songtao Co., Wuluo Town , Taohuayuan Vill. , Fanjingshan NNR , 28.00130°N, 108.80578°E, 1160 m, 06.XI.2017, G.C. Zhou leg. ( HNU–GZ– IV–1715 ). GoogleMaps

Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin noun “gladius ” meaning “sword” and referring to sword-shaped lamella charactristica in ventral view of male palp.

Diagnosis. The male of Bolyphantes gladius sp. n. resembles that of B. kolosvaryi in having similar patellar spine, thick, densely covered with denticles ( Figs 33B– D View FIGURE 33 , 34C View FIGURE 34 ; Helsdingen et al., 2001, figs 37–43), but can be distinguished by the lower proximal part of paracymbium with horn-shaped projection, extending above the tibia in B. gladius sp. n. ( Figs 33B–D View FIGURE 33 ; vs. proximal part without any projection); retrolateral margin of tibia with small projection in B. gladius sp. n. ( Figs 33B–D View FIGURE 33 ; vs. tibia without any projection); terminal apophysis half the length of embolus in B. gladius sp. n. ( Figs 33B–D View FIGURE 33 ; vs. almost as long as embolus); lamella charactristica as long as radix, tapering towards tip in B. gladius sp. n. ( Figs 33B–D View FIGURE 33 ; vs. two-third the length of radix, distal end broad with furcated tip); thumb rod-like, almost as long as embolus in B. gladius sp. n. ( Figs 33B–D View FIGURE 33 ; vs. somewhat quadrate, half the length of embolus). The female can be distigushed from all other congeners by the stretcher absent in epigyne ( Figs 35A–C View FIGURE 35 ).

Description. Male (holotype, Figs 36A–C View FIGURE 36 ): Total length: 2.23. Carapace 0.97 long, 0.82 wide, cephalic region slightly elevated, yellowish, fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct. Clypeus 0.19 high. Chelicerae with two retromarginal and promarginal teeth absent. microsetae wider than long, dark grey, with microsetae. Eyes: AER recurved, PER straight and slightly wider than AER. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.08, PME 0.06, PLE 0.07, AME–AME 0.02, PME–PME 0.03, AME–ALE, 0.04, PME–PLE 0.04, AME–PME 0.06, ALE–ALE 0.32, PLE–PLE 0.34, ALE–PLE contiguous. Length of legs: I 6.87 (1.85, 2.19, 1.96, 1.96, 0.87), II 5.33 (1.47, 1.69, 1.49, 0.68), III 3.9 (1.14, 1.21, 1.05, 0.50), IV 5.29 (1.51, 1.69, 1.43, 0.66). Tibial spine formula: 2-2-2-2. TmI 0.64 and TmIV absent. Opisthosoma 1.26 long, 0.78 wide, oval, grey, dorsally with six cheverons extending posteriorly to the base of spinnerets and laterally, ventral side grey with a broad black band anteriorly.

Palp ( Figs 33A–D View FIGURE 33 , 34A–C View FIGURE 34 ): Femur unmodified, almost as long as patella and tibia. Patella half the length of tibia, dorsal spine almost equals to the length of both patella and tibia, patellar thick spine densely covered with several teeth from base to the tip. Tibia with two retrolateral and one dorsal trichobothria, ventrally with outgrowth equipped with setae, retrolateral margin with small projection with blunt end. Cymbium unmodified, retrolateral margin with a shallow depression at the base; paracymbium (PC) U-shaped, proximal margin with strongly sclerotized projection with pointed end, paracymbium distal arm half the length of proximal projection, with blunt end; pithook curved, with broad tip. Radix bean-shaped (R), as long as terminal apophysis; median membrane (MM) originating from base of lamella charactristica and from dorsal margin of radix with frayed margin; terminal apophysis (TA) small, inconspicuous on undissected palp; lamella charactristica (LC) sword-shaped, tapering towards apex; embolus (E) spindle-shaped; thumb (TH) originating from ventral margin of embolus, extending above the tip of embolus.

Female (paratype, Figs 36D–F View FIGURE 36 ): Total length: 2.20. Carapace 0.85 long, 0.71 wide, cephalic region slightly elevated, yellowish, fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct. Clypeus 0.18 high. Chelicerae with five promarginal and three retromarginal teeth. Sternum wider than long, dark gray, with microsetae. Eyes:AER recurved, PER straight and slightly wider than AER. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.09, PME 0.07, PLE 0.08, AME–AME 0.03, PME–PME 0.03, AME–ALE, 0.03, PME–PLE 0.04, AME–PME 0.07, ALE–ALE 0.30, PLE–PLE 0.32 ALE–PLE contiguous. Length of legs: I 4.36 (1.16, 1.44, 1.11, 0.65), II 3.68 (1, 1.19, 0.93, 0.56), III 2.92 (0.81, 0.91, 0.73, 0.47), IV 3.76 (1.06, 1.21, 0.96, 0.53). Tibial spine formula: 2-2-2-2. TmI 0.68 and TmIV absent. Opisthosoma 1.35 long, 0.96 wide, oval, dusky grey, dorsally with six cheverons extending posteriorly to the base of spinnerets and laterally; ventral side dusky grey.

Epigyne ( Figs 35A–D View FIGURE 35 ): Protruding, pseudoscape (PS) wider than long; entrance groove (EG) present dorsally in pseudoscape; posterior median plate (PMP) globular, posterior margin round; spermathecae (S) complex, in the form of cluster.

Distribution. Known from type localities (Hunan and Guizhou Provinces, Figs 310 View FIGURE 310 , 315 View FIGURE 315 ).