Saldula pilosella ( Thomson, 1871 )

Saldula pilosella ( Thomson, 1871) View in CoL

( Fig. 15 View FIGURE 15 )

Salda pilosella Thomson, 1871: 407 . Acanthia pilosella Reuter, 1890: 251 . Saldula pilosella View in CoL : Stichel (1934: 301); Kiritshenko, 1951: 95; Cobben, 1960: 256; Chen & Zheng, 1987: 395; Vinokurov, 1988: 755; Péricart, 1990: 175; Chen & Lindskog, 1994: 408; Lindskog, 1995: 132; Vinokurov et al., 2012: 59; Vinokurov & Kment, 2015: 380; Vinokurov et al., 2018: 136.

Chinese common name. ŧūãø.

Material examined. CHINA: Heilongjiang: 1 male, Harbin city, Wanfoshan Mountain, light-trapped, 45.1795°N, 128.2008°E, 268 m, 15 August 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 male, 1 female, Heihe city, Aihui distinct, Xingfu village, 50.7541°N, 127.2311°E, 159 m, 26 August 2023, Mu Qiao leg. (NKUM); 1 female, Yichun city, Jiayin county, Changsheng village, 49.2933°N, 129.1901°E, 225 m, 24 August 2023, Mu Qiao leg. (NKUM); 1 male, 3 females, Qiqihaer city, Jianhua distinct, light-trapped, 47.4416°N, 124.0399°E, 176 m, 20 August 2023, Mu Qiao leg. (NKUM); 1 male, 3 females, Daxing’anling Prefecture, Jiagedaqi distinct, Ganhe National Wetland Park, 50.3916°N, 124.0957°E, 380 m, 19 August 2023, Mu Qiao leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Daxing’anling Prefecture, Jiagedaqi distinct, Yingshanhong Scenic Spot, 50.3916°N, 124.0957°E, 384 m, 19 July 2021, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Heihe city, Nenjiang county, Gaofeng Forest Park, 49.0986°N, 125.2488°E, 336 m, 20 July 2021, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM). Jilin: 1 female, Baishan city, Changbai county, Malugou town, Shuangshantou, 41.5138°N, 128.1381°E, 829 m, 9 August 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 male, Baishan city, Changbai county, Wangtian’e Mountain, 41.4888°N, 127.9439°E, 682 m, 9 August 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 female, Tonghua city, Yayuan county, light-trapped, 41.7686°N, 126.1778°E, 414 m, on linght, 7 August 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM). Inner Mongolia: 2 females, Ke’erqin Youyiqianqi Banner, 46.6859°N, 120.4589°E, 742 m, 26 August 2023, Chen Liu leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, E’erduosi city, Zhunge’er Banner, Xuejiawan county, 39.8530°N, 111.2434°E, 1097 m, 21 July 2023, Huanyu Chen leg. (NKUM); 2 males, Wuhai city, Wuhai Botanical Garden, light-trapped, 39.6993°N, 106.8193°E, 1080 m, 20 July 2023, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); 2 males, 2 females, Huhehaote city, Nanhu Wetland Park, 40.7508°N, 111.6470°E, 1010 m, 11 July 2023, Chen Liu leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Wulanchabu city, Lamadongwan, 41.1391°N, 112.2920°E, 1425 m, 11 July 2023, Yuqi Zai leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Wulanchabu League, Keshiketeng Banner, Dalinuo’er Lake, 43.3824°N, 116.9753°E, 1120 m, 12 August 2013, Wenjun Bu leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Xinba’erhu Youqi Banner, Damaisumu, 48.9885°N, 116.9957°E, 576 m, 15 July 2023, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); 4 females, E’erguna city, E’erguna National Wetland Park, 50.3516°N, 120.3099°E, 584 m, 17 July 2021, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 2 females, Kalaqin Banner, Ma’anshan Mountain, 41.8723°N, 118.7711°E, 896 m, 23 August 2021, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 femaels, Zalantun city, Xiushui mountain villa, light-trapped, 48.0742°N, 121.7013°E, 344 m, 21 July 2021, Mu Qiao leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Hulunbei’er city, Hulunhu Nature Reserve, Wulanao’er Lake, 48.4153°N, 117.5628°E, 560 m, 15 July 2023, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Ke’erqin Youyiqianqi Banner, Lüshui Breeding Farm, 46.4617°N, 120.3141°E, 769 m, 11 July 2021, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Xinba’erhu Youqi Banner, Hulun town, 49.3792°N, 117.1203°E, 662 m, 15 July 2021, Mu Qiao leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Abaga Banner, S101 Province Road, 46.2342°N, 118.4828°E, 1193 m, 12 July 2014, Xiurong Li leg. (NKUM). Tianjin: 1 female, Dagang Wetland Park, 38.825°N, 117.499°E, 12 July 2013, Teng Li leg. (NKUM); 1 male, 1 female, Nankai University, 39.1041°N, 111.1756°E, 0 m, 16 June 2017, Yanhui Wang leg. (NKUM). Hebei: 3 males, 3 females, Chengde city, Tougou county, Shuangmiao village, 41.1563°N, 118.0029°E, 416 m, 1 September, Chen Liu leg. (NKUM); 1 female, Baoding city, Laiyuan county, Sunjiaquan village, 39.3993°N, 114.9213°E, 656 m, 21 September, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 female, Chengde city, Fengning county, Datan town, 41.5955°N, 116.0362°E, 1500 m, 6 July 2021, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM). Shandong: 5 males, 5 females, Zibo city, Xihe county, 047 County Road, light-trapped, 36.5573°N, 118.0514°E, 423 m, 31 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM). Ningxia: 3 males, 3 females, Zhongwei city, Tenggeli Lake, light-trapped, 37.5228°N, 105.1172°E, 1206 m, 19 July 2023, Chen Liu leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Wuzhong city, Yanchi county, Dashuikeng town, 37.4083°N, 107.0506°E, 1497 m, 25 July 2021, Zezhong Jin leg. (NKUM); 2 males, Guyuan city, Yunwushan Nature Reserve, light-trapped, 36.2616°N, 106.3849°E, 2006 m, 29 July 2021, Zezhong Jin leg. (NKUM). Gansu: 1 male, Lanzhou city, Qinwangchuan National Wetland Park, 36.4642°N, 103.6558°E, 1887 m, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 female, Zhangye city, Qicai county, 38.9745°N, 100.0759°E, 1715 m, 7 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 2 males, 1 female, Jiuquan city, Jindinghu Lake, 40.3539°N, 99.6163°E, 1107 m, 17 July 2023, Yuqi Zai leg. (NKUM). Xinjiang: 1 male, 3 females, Tacheng Prefecture, Emin county, G219 National Highway, 46.7990°N, 84.1309°E, 713 m, 22 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 male, 1 female, Bayinguoleng Prefecture, Bohu county, Bositenghu Lake, 41.8640°N, 86.7330°E, 1050 m, 13 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 2 males, 2 females, Bayinguoleng Prefecture, G218 National Highway, Kaiduhe River, 41.9625°N, 86.6333°E, 982 m, 13 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Altai Prefecture, Fuyun county, 46.9542°N, 89.5384°E, 761 m, 26 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 male, 3 females, Ili Prefecture, Huocheng county, X123 County Road, 44.1064°N, 80.6427°E, 636 m, 18 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 2 males, 1 female, Altai Prefecture, Jimunai county, Hongshan Reservoir, 47.3862°N, 85.8677°E, 1018 m, 23 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 2 males, 3 females, Altai Prefecture, Habahe county, Baishahu Lake, 48.0074°N, 85.8731°E, 366 m, 23 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); Xizang: 3 males, 3 females, Rikaze city, Kangma county, Samada village, 28.3714°N, 89.5376°E, 4376 m, 6 August 2024, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 male, 1 female, Rikaze city, Nielamu county, Borong village, 28.6889°N, 85.8163°E, 4688 m, 11 August 2024, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM).

Diagnosis. Body relatively large, dorsum with dense, long, suberect setae ( Fig. 15a View FIGURE 15 ). Head short and wide, dorsal side with dense, long setae, distance between compound eyes relatively wide; antennomere II relatively long, longer than antennomeres III+IV; mandibular plates black, transverse swelling, maxillary plates and anteclypeus yellowish-brown, labrum mainly black with yellowish marking, labiomeres III+IV mainly black, preocellar spots nearly circular. Pronotum short and wide, lateral margin shallowly convex, hemelytra with distinct variation, corium mainly dull-yellowish, dark individuals with complex dark markings on corium ( Fig. 15b–d View FIGURE 15 ); legs mainly yellowish, femora with wide black stripe on ventral side and dark spots on lateral side, tibiae dorsally with complete black stripe on basal half, tarsomere III of each leg blackish. Male paramere relatively stout, with long setae on dorsal side, processus sensualis with a small tuft of short hair ( Fig. 15e–g View FIGURE 15 ); parandria blunt, inner margin parallel, form a relatively wide sub-rectangular concavity ( Fig. 15h View FIGURE 15 ); median endosomal sclerites U-shape. Female subgenital plate nearly triangular, apex rounded, apical half pale.

Comparative notes. Saldula pilosella is similar to S. pallipes and S. palustris . However, S. pilosella can be differentiated by the presence of long setae on the dorsal side of the head and thorax, as well as relatively wide distance between the compound eyes.

Habitats. Saldula pilosella inhabits various riparian habitats and can be found near both salt lakes and freshwater bodies. This species appears to exhibit a stronger attraction to light, as evidenced by the majority of our specimens being captured through light trapping.

Distribution in China. Saldula pilosella is one of the most common and widely distribute species of China, including Heilongjiang ( Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Jilin ( Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Liaoning ( Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Hebei ( Chen & Lindskog 1994, Liu & Bu 2009, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Inner Mongolia ( Chen & Lindskog 1994, Wang & Li 2012, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Tianjin ( Chen & Lindskog 1994, Liu & Bu 2009), Shandong ( Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Gansu (new record), Ningxia (new record), Xinjiang ( Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2012, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Jiangsu ( Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Sichuan ( Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Yunnan ( Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Xizang ( Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018).

General distribution. Widely distributed across Oriental, Palearctic, Saharo-Arabian and Sino-Japanese regions ( Schuh et al. 1987, Larivière & Larochelle 2018).