Abana Distant, 1908

Abana Distant, 1908 View in CoL

( Figs. 1 View FIGURE 1 , 4–29 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 View FIGURE 7 View FIGURE 8 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 View FIGURE 13 View FIGURE 14 View FIGURE 15 View FIGURE 16 View FIGURE 17 View FIGURE 18 View FIGURE 19 View FIGURE 20 View FIGURE 21 View FIGURE 22 View FIGURE 23 View FIGURE 24 View FIGURE 25 View FIGURE 26 View FIGURE 27 View FIGURE 28 View FIGURE 29 )

Abana Distant, 1908: 72 View in CoL [n. gen.]. Type species: Aulacizes dives Walker, 1851 View in CoL , by original designation. Melichar (1926): 321 [redescription, species key]. Schmidt (1928): 50 [listed]. Metcalf (1965): 644 [catalogued]. Young (1968): 148 [redescription, species list, species synonymies]; Oman et al. (1990): 184 [listed]. Ceotto & Mejdalani (2005): 480 [phylogeny]. McKamey (2007): 263 [catalogued].

Mesobana Melichar, 1926: 322 [n. subgen. of Abana View in CoL ]. Type species: Amblydisca pomposula Jacobi, 1905 View in CoL , by subsequent designation of Metcalf (1965): 645. Young, 1968: 148 [synonym of Abana View in CoL ]; Oman et al. (1990): 229 [listed].

Diagnosis. Large sharpshooters (14–21 mm). Head moderately produced anteriorly ( Figs. 7A–D View FIGURE 7 , 24A, B View FIGURE 24 ); clypeus ( Figs. 7B, D View FIGURE 7 , 24B View FIGURE 24 ) protuberant, its contour almost at right angle to profile of face. Pronotum ( Figs. 7A, C View FIGURE 7 , 24A View FIGURE 24 ) width exceeding transocular width of head; in dorsal view, with lateral margins convergent anteriorly. Forewing ( Figs. 7A–D View FIGURE 7 , 24A, B View FIGURE 24 ) with clavus and most of corium coriaceous, conspicuously punctate. Aedeagus ( Fig. 7H View FIGURE 7 ) shaft with a basal dorsal spiniform process and a preapical dorsal spiniform process ( Fig. 7H View FIGURE 7 ); shaft apex with lateral margins projected dorsally, forming a pair of square-shaped lateral projections ( Figs. 7H View FIGURE 7 , 24F View FIGURE 24 ), each with anterior portion extending anteriorly, forming an anterodorsal projection. Paraphyses ( Figs. 7H–J View FIGURE 7 , 24F–H View FIGURE 24 ) paired, each elongate and slender, extending between shaft lateral projections and surpassing shaft apex. Dorsal connective strongly ( Fig. 24F View FIGURE 24 ) or somewhat ( Fig. 7H View FIGURE 7 ) sclerotized; in caudal view, somewhat U-shaped, but interrupted medially; with a submedian acute process extending anteriorly ( Fig. 24F View FIGURE 24 ), sometimes very small and inconspicuous ( Fig. 7H View FIGURE 7 ).

Species included. Abana amazonica sp. nov., Abana arnetti Young, 1968 , Abana colombiana sp. nov., Abana confusa sp. nov., Abana dives (Walker, 1851) , Abana gigas ( Fowler, 1898) , Abana haupti Melichar, 1926 , Abana horvathi ( Jacobi, 1905) , Abana inornata sp. nov., Abana minuta sp. nov., Abana ochracea sp. nov., Abana rufifrons sp. nov., and Abana tissa Distant, 1908 .

Redescription (adults). Total length: males (n = 25) 14.5–19.7 mm, females (n = 15) 18.5–20.5 mm.

External structures. Crown ( Fig. 7A, C View FIGURE 7 ) moderately produced anteriorly, length of crown 0.7 times on average as long as interocular width of the head; with ( Figs. 10D View FIGURE 10 , 19A View FIGURE 19 ) or without ( Fig. 7A, C View FIGURE 7 ) pubescence; anterior margin subtriangular to triangular ( Figs. 7A, C View FIGURE 7 ) or rounded ( Figs. 4A, C View FIGURE 4 , 12A View FIGURE 12 , 13A View FIGURE 13 ); disk with ( Fig. 7A, C View FIGURE 7 ) or without ( Fig. 4A, C View FIGURE 4 ) a distinct depression, without a longitudinal carina laterad of each ocellus ( Fig. 7A, C View FIGURE 7 ); posterior margin with a M-shaped elevation ( Figs. 7A, C View FIGURE 7 ), sometimes inconspicuous ( Fig. 10A, D View FIGURE 10 ) or absent ( Fig. 4A, C View FIGURE 4 ). Head, in lateral view, with anterior portion of crown not inflated ( Fig. 7B, D View FIGURE 7 ), forming an acute angle with frons, or inflated ( Figs. 13B View FIGURE 13 , 27B View FIGURE 27 , 29B View FIGURE 29 ), forming an obtuse angle with frons. Ocelli located on or slightly behind imaginary line between anterior eye angles, each ocellus equidistant between midline of crown and adjacent anterior eye angle ( Fig. 7A, C View FIGURE 7 ) or closer to the latter ( Fig. 27A View FIGURE 27 ). Antennal ledges ( Fig. 7B, D View FIGURE 7 ) longitudinally sulcate and carinate dorsally; anterior edges steeply declivous. Face ( Fig. 7B, D View FIGURE 7 ) pubescent, with setae more densely distributed towards ventral region, on lorum, clypeus, and rostrum. Frons ( Fig. 7B, D View FIGURE 7 ) evenly convex or at least flattened medially; muscle impressions distinct. Clypeus ( Fig. 7B, D View FIGURE 7 ) protuberant, its contour almost at right angle to profile of face; without a median carina.

Pronotum ( Fig. 7A, C View FIGURE 7 ) width exceeding transocular width of head; lateral margins convergent anteriorly; surface punctate and rugose; with ( Figs. 10D View FIGURE 10 , 19A View FIGURE 19 ) or without ( Fig. 7A, C View FIGURE 7 ) pubescence; posterior margin concave, forming two lobes; in lateral view, clearly declivous anteriorly; dorsolateral carina present and complete, arched slightly upwards at midlength. Mesonotum ( Fig. 7A, C View FIGURE 7 ) transversely striate at posterior half, posterior to scutellar suture. Forewing ( Fig. 7A–D View FIGURE 7 ) with veins distinct and elevated; clavus and corium strongly coriaceous, both conspicuously punctate, with punctures distributed throughout the tegmen ( Fig. 27A, B View FIGURE 27 ) or arranged in lines bordering the veins ( Fig. 7A–D View FIGURE 7 ); with four apical cells, base of fourth cell usually slightly more distal than base of third cell; without an anteapical plexus of veins, but with anteapical supernumerary crossveins to costal margin; claval veins parallel, without crossveins. Hind wing ( Fig. 7A–D View FIGURE 7 ) at rest extending nearly as far as to apex of forewing; vein R2+3 obsolete ( Figs. 8C View FIGURE 8 , 21C View FIGURE 21 ). Profemur with setal row IC multiseriate, setae subequal in aspect and indistinct from AV; setal row AM reduced to AM 1. Hind leg with femoral setal formula 2:0:0, 2:1:0, or 2:2:0; tibia with AD row of cucullate setae without intercalaries; AD and PD setae similar in size, PD more setose than AD, but with fewer than twice as many setae; PD row with setae irregularly spaced; AV and PV rows of setae unmodified; first tarsomere shorter than combined length of second and third tarsomeres.

Coloration. Color pattern very variable inter- and intraspecifically (in some species), sexually dimorphic in species of the A. horvathi species complex. In general, head completely dark ( Figs. 10A–E View FIGURE 10 , 12A, B View FIGURE 12 , 19A, B View FIGURE 19 ) or with anterior portion light yellow to ochraceous-yellow and red ( Figs. 4A–D View FIGURE 4 , 7A–D View FIGURE 7 , 15A–D View FIGURE 15 , 17A, B View FIGURE 17 , 27A, B View FIGURE 27 ). Thorax coloration generally dark, varying from reddish-brown ( Fig. 27A, B View FIGURE 27 ) to dark brown ( Figs. 17A, B View FIGURE 17 , 19A, B View FIGURE 19 ) in dorsal view, with ( Figs. 7B, D View FIGURE 7 , 27B View FIGURE 27 ) or without ( Figs. 10B, E View FIGURE 10 , 12B View FIGURE 12 , 17B View FIGURE 17 ) some ivory or yellow areas of different sizes. Pronotum sometimes with pair of maculae varying in size and position, ranging from light ivory ( Fig. 27A View FIGURE 27 ) to orange yellow ( Fig. 7A, C View FIGURE 7 ), or almost completely yellow ( Fig.15A, C View FIGURE 15 ). Forewings also with generally dark coloration, varying from reddish-brown ( Figs. 26A–D View FIGURE 26 , 28A, B View FIGURE 28 ) to dark brown ( Figs. 4A–D View FIGURE 4 , 10A–E View FIGURE 10 , 17A–D View FIGURE 17 , 19A, B View FIGURE 19 ) and black ( Figs. 7A, B View FIGURE 7 , 27A, B View FIGURE 27 ), and sometimes with light ivory or yellow stripes or maculae varying in size, number, and position (varying inter- and intraspecifically, Figs. 6A, B View FIGURE 6 , 12A, B View FIGURE 12 , 14A, B View FIGURE 14 , 19A, B View FIGURE 19 , 26A–D View FIGURE 26 , 28A, B View FIGURE 28 , 29G–R View FIGURE 29 ). Abdomen varying from dark brown to black, with some ivory or yellow areas of different sizes ( Fig. 7B, D View FIGURE 7 , 10A–D View FIGURE 10 ), or completely dark ( Fig. 19B View FIGURE 19 ) or yellow ( Fig. 14B View FIGURE 14 ).

Male terminalia. Pygofer ( Fig. 7E View FIGURE 7 ) in lateral view angularly produced; abruptly narrowed on dorsal margin near midlength, forming a deep preapical concavity; ventral margin with a distinct median concavity ( Fig. 4E View FIGURE 4 ) or regularly convex ( Fig. 7E View FIGURE 7 ); preapical region convex ( Fig. 7E View FIGURE 7 ) or with a small concavity ( Fig. 10F View FIGURE 10 , 25C View FIGURE 25 ); microsetae sparse and uniformly distributed; without processes. Subgenital plates ( Fig. 7F View FIGURE 7 ) triangular in ventral view; separate along their entire length; in lateral view, extending ( Fig. 7E View FIGURE 7 ) or not ( Figs. 4E View FIGURE 4 , 24C View FIGURE 24 ) to apex of pygofer; each plate with numerous dispersed microsetae. Connective ( Fig. 7G View FIGURE 7 ) Y-shaped; stem much longer than arms, gradually broadened apically, not keeled; arms almost parallel ( Fig. 4G View FIGURE 4 ) to parallel ( Fig. 6E View FIGURE 6 ), converging anteriorly ( Fig. 7G View FIGURE 7 ) or slightly divergent ( Fig. 12E View FIGURE 12 ); base of arms with ( Figs. 4G View FIGURE 4 , 24E View FIGURE 24 ) or without ( Fig. 7G View FIGURE 7 ) a dorsal rim, when present, U shaped ( Fig. 24E View FIGURE 24 ) or V shaped ( Fig. 4G View FIGURE 4 ). Style apodeme ( Fig. 24E View FIGURE 24 ) variable in length and thickness; apophysis extending posteriorly to before ( Fig. 24E View FIGURE 24 ), as far ( Fig. 4G View FIGURE 4 ), or slightly beyond ( Figs. 17E View FIGURE 17 , 19E View FIGURE 19 ) connective apex; preapical ( Fig. 7G View FIGURE 7 ) and inner lobe ( Fig. 7G View FIGURE 7 ) present; inner lobe shape varying from rounded ( Fig. 7G View FIGURE 7 ) to subtriangular ( Fig. 24E View FIGURE 24 ), or subquadrate ( Fig. 25E View FIGURE 25 ); angle formed between preapical lobe and apical portion varying from acute ( Fig. 24E View FIGURE 24 ) to almost right ( Fig. 7G View FIGURE 7 ); apical portion variable in size and length; apex acute. Aedeagus ( Fig. 7H–J View FIGURE 7 ) symmetrical; preatrium inconspicuous; shaft with a basal dorsal spiniform process and a preapical dorsal spiniform process extending dorsally, not reaching ( Fig. 4H View FIGURE 4 ), reaching ( Fig. 7G View FIGURE 7 ), or extending slightly beyond dorsal margin of lateral projections ( Fig. 25F View FIGURE 25 ); apex ( Fig. 7H–J View FIGURE 7 ) with lateral margins projected dorsally, forming a pair of square-shaped lateral lobes, each with anterior portion extending anteriorly, forming an anterodorsal projection variable in length and thickness. Paraphyses ( Fig. 7H–J View FIGURE 7 ) paired, elongate and slender; basally separated and connected to base of aedeagus by membrane; extending between lateral projections and exceeding shaft apex. Dorsal connective strongly ( Fig. 24F View FIGURE 24 ) or somewhat ( Fig. 7H View FIGURE 7 ) sclerotized; in caudal view, somewhat U-shaped, but interrupted medially; with a submedian acute process extending anteriorly ( Fig. 24F View FIGURE 24 ), sometimes very small and inconspicuous ( Fig. 7H View FIGURE 7 ).

Female terminalia. Abdominal sternite VII ( Fig. 8E View FIGURE 8 ), in ventral view, approximately 1.5 times wider than long; strongly produced posteriorly, triangular in form; lateral margins sinuous; ventral surface with microsetae distributed at median third and towards lateral margins; posterior margin in median third with a pair of dentiform ( Fig. 8E View FIGURE 8 ) or digitiform ( Fig. 26E View FIGURE 26 ) posterior projections; area between projections concave ( Fig. 26E View FIGURE 26 ), straight ( Fig. 28C View FIGURE 28 ) or projected posteriorly as a bifurcate process ( Fig. 8E View FIGURE 8 ). Sternite VIII completely membranous. Pygofer ( Fig. 8F View FIGURE 8 ), in lateral view, produced posteriorly; apex almost truncate, with a median concavity; surface with longer microsetae along central, ventral, and posterior regions, and shorter microsetae uniformly distributed all over surface. First valvifer ( Fig. 8G View FIGURE 8 ), in lateral view, subtriangular. First valvula ( Fig. 8G–H View FIGURE 8 ) with dorsal sculptured area strigate on almost all dorsal surface, strigae arranged horizontally at basal third and becoming oblique towards apex; ventral sculptured area strigate, but faintly marked at basal two-thirds; apex rounded. Second valvifer ( Fig. 8I View FIGURE 8 ), in lateral view, longer than wide. Second valvula ( Fig. 8I, J View FIGURE 8 ), in lateral view, distinctly expanded beyond basal curvature, gradually becoming narrower towards apex; dorsal margin with separate teeth varying in number between 78 and 89, each subtriangular and wide at base, becoming small and subquadrate towards apex; preapical prominence distinct; apex narrowly rounded and slightly projected posteriorly, forming a little apical lobe. Gonoplac ( Fig. 8K View FIGURE 8 ), in lateral view, with basal half narrow and apical half distinctly expanded; apex rounded ( Figs. 5I View FIGURE 5 , 28I View FIGURE 28 ), subtriangular ( Fig. 8K View FIGURE 8 ), or triangular ( Fig. 11I View FIGURE 11 ).

Distribution. Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua [doubtful], Panama and Peru.

Remarks. Specimens of Abana are somewhat similar to the monotypic genus Omagua Melichar in external morphology and male genitalia, sharing characteristics such as: (1) transition from crown to face ( Figs. 7B, D View FIGURE 7 ), in lateral view, forming an acute angle, sometimes obtuse in Abana ( Fig. 12B View FIGURE 12 , 27B View FIGURE 27 ), (2) clypeus profile angulate ( Figs. 7B, D View FIGURE 7 , 24B View FIGURE 24 ), (3) lateral margins of pronotum converging anteriorly ( Fig. 7A, C View FIGURE 7 , 24A View FIGURE 24 ), (4) forewings with deep punctures ( Figs. 7A–D View FIGURE 7 , 24A, B View FIGURE 24 ), (5) apex of forewing truncate ( Figs. 7A, C View FIGURE 7 , 27A View FIGURE 27 ), (6) base of dorsal margin of pygofer with a deep round emargination ( Figs. 7E View FIGURE 7 , 24C View FIGURE 24 ), (7) inner lobe of style present ( Figs. 7G View FIGURE 7 , 24E View FIGURE 24 ), (8) paraphyses paired, symmetrical and elongate ( Figs. 7H View FIGURE 7 , 24F View FIGURE 24 ), and (9) aedeagal shaft apex in ventral view, without lateral lobes ( Figs. 7I View FIGURE 7 , 24G View FIGURE 24 ). These two genera also share the characteristic lateral margins of the aedeagal shaft apex projected dorsally, forming paired lateral projections, a unique character within Proconiini . However, they differ in the form of these lateral projections, being square in Abana ( Figs. 7H View FIGURE 7 , 24F View FIGURE 24 ) and subtriangular in Omagua . Nonetheless, Abana species have some characters that clearly distinguish them from Omagua , including: (1) superior portion of frons with a round scar, remnant of nymphal process (absent in Omagua ), (2) dorsomedian area of frons evenly convex or flat (distinctly depressed in Omagua ), (3) pronotum ( Figs. 7A, C View FIGURE 7 , 24A View FIGURE 24 ) wider than transocular width (narrower in Omagua ), (4) basal portion of costal margin of forewing ( Figs. 7B, D View FIGURE 7 , 24B View FIGURE 24 ), in lateral view, distinctly curved (approximately straight in Omagua ), (5) profemur setal row IC multiseriate (uniseriate in Omagua ), and (6) aedeagus ( Figs. 7H View FIGURE 7 , 24F View FIGURE 24 ) with basal and preapical dorsal spiniform processes, that are unique within Proconiini .

Based on our examination of the type material of all valid and invalid nominal species of Abana , almost all synonyms proposed by Young (1968) are retained here. The only exception is Abana sonora Melichar, 1926 , stat. rev., which Young (1968) treated as a junior synonym of A. horvathi but is here reinstated as a valid species and placed in the Cicadellini as incertae sedis. The female lectotype of A. sonora ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 ) definitely does not belong to Abana , as it resembles some species of the genus Zaruma Melichar, 1926 in external morphology. However, as the specimen is a female, no more precise placement within the Cicadellini can be made.

Key to Abana species

1 Forewing with punctures distributed throughout the membrane ( Figs. 6A, B View FIGURE 6 , 12A, B View FIGURE 12 , 13A, B View FIGURE 13 , 14A, B View FIGURE 14 , 24A, B View FIGURE 24 , 25A, B View FIGURE 25 , 27A, B View FIGURE 27 ). Anterodorsal (apicolateral) projections of aedeagus shaft slender and long ( Figs. 6F–H View FIGURE 6 , 12F–H View FIGURE 12 , 13F–H View FIGURE 13 , 14F–H View FIGURE 14 , 24F–H View FIGURE 24 , 25F–H View FIGURE 25 , 27F–H View FIGURE 27 ). Female abdominal sternite VII ( Figs. 26E View FIGURE 26 , 28C View FIGURE 28 ), in ventral view, with posterior margin straight or concave medially, between a pair of strong submedian digitiform processes.............................................. 2

- Forewing with punctures arranged in lines bordering veins ( Figs. 4A–D View FIGURE 4 , 7A–D View FIGURE 7 , 10A–E View FIGURE 10 , 15A–D View FIGURE 15 , 17A, B View FIGURE 17 , 19A, B View FIGURE 19 ). Anterodorsal (apicolateral) projections of aedeagus shaft broad and short ( Fig. 4H–J View FIGURE 4 , 7H–J View FIGURE 7 , 10I–K View FIGURE 10 , 15H–J View FIGURE 15 , 17F–H View FIGURE 17 , 19F–H View FIGURE 19 ). Female abdominal sternite VII ( Figs. 5C View FIGURE 5 , 8E View FIGURE 8 , 11C View FIGURE 11 , 16C View FIGURE 16 , 18C View FIGURE 18 , 21E View FIGURE 21 ), in ventral view, with posterior margin protruding medially as a bifurcate process, between a pair of smaller subapical teeth.................................................... 8

2 Male forewing ( Figs. 6A, B View FIGURE 6 , 12A, B View FIGURE 12 , 14A, B View FIGURE 14 ) with one or two transverse light stripes. Style ( Fig. 6E View FIGURE 6 , 12E View FIGURE 12 , 14E View FIGURE 14 ) with inner lobe rounded............................................................................................. 3

- Male forewing ( Figs. 24A, B View FIGURE 24 , 25A, B View FIGURE 25 , 27A, B View FIGURE 27 ) completely black, without transverse light stripes. Style with inner lobe rounded ( Fig. 13E View FIGURE 13 ), subtriangular ( Figs. 24E View FIGURE 24 , 27E View FIGURE 27 ) or subquadrate ( Fig. 25E View FIGURE 25 )............................................. 5

3 Males longer than 16 mm. Male forewing ( Figs. 12A, B View FIGURE 12 , 6A, B View FIGURE 6 ) with two transverse light stripes. Anepisternum ( Figs. 6B View FIGURE 6 , 12B View FIGURE 12 ) completely brown or black.............................................................................. 4

- Males shorter than 16 mm. Male forewing ( Fig. 14A, B View FIGURE 14 ) with one anteapical broad yellowish-ivory stripe in corium aligned to clavus apex. Anepisternum ( Fig. 14B View FIGURE 14 ) with a small dark brown central macula at upper portion............................................................................................ A. minuta Sauceda-V & Takiya, sp. nov.

4 Anterior margin of crown rounded ( Fig. 12A View FIGURE 12 ). Head ( Fig. 12A, B View FIGURE 12 ) and thorax completely brown without distinctive maculae. Connective ( Fig. 12F View FIGURE 12 ) with arms slightly divergent; base of arms with a V-shaped dorsal rim...... A. haupti Melichar, 1926 View in CoL

- Anterior margin of crown ( Fig. 6A View FIGURE 6 ) subtriangular, apex truncate. Head with anterior portion of crown ( Fig. 6A View FIGURE 6 ) and upper two-thirds of frons ( Fig. 6B View FIGURE 6 ) orange, remainder black. Connective ( Fig. 6E View FIGURE 6 ) with arms almost parallel; base of arms with a U-shaped dorsal rim........................................................... A. confusa Sauceda-V & Takiya, sp. nov.

5 Head almost completely dark brown to black ( Fig. 13A, B View FIGURE 13 ). Pronotum completely dark, black on anterior half and dark brown posteriorly ( Fig. 13A View FIGURE 13 ). Style with inner lobe rounded ( Fig. 13E View FIGURE 13 )............... A. inornata Sauceda-V & Takiya, sp. nov.

- Head with anterior portion of crown ( Figs. 24A View FIGURE 24 , 25A View FIGURE 25 , 27A View FIGURE 27 ) and dorsal portion of frons ( Figs. 24B View FIGURE 24 , 25B View FIGURE 25 , 27B View FIGURE 27 ) yellow. Pronotum mostly reddish-brown with anterior portion black ( Figs. 24A View FIGURE 24 , 25A View FIGURE 25 , 27A View FIGURE 27 ). Style with inner lobe subtriangular ( Figs. 24E View FIGURE 24 , 27E View FIGURE 27 ) or subquadrate ( Fig. 25E View FIGURE 25 ). ( A. horvathi View in CoL s.l. complex)......................................................... 6

6 Pronotum ( Figs. 24A View FIGURE 24 , 27A View FIGURE 27 , 29A, D, G, J, M, P View FIGURE 29 ) with two anterolateral ivory yellow maculae, well extended transversely and conspicuous dorsally, sometimes merged, forming an anterodorsal stripe. Base of connective arms ( Figs. 24E View FIGURE 24 , 27E View FIGURE 27 ) with a Ushaped dorsal rim. Style ( Figs. 24E View FIGURE 24 , 27E View FIGURE 27 ) with inner lobe subtriangular........................................... 7

- Pronotum ( Figs. 25A, B View FIGURE 25 , 26A–D View FIGURE 26 ) with two anterolateral yellowish-ivory maculae hardly extended and inconspicuous dorsally. Base of connective arms ( Fig. 25E View FIGURE 25 ) with a deep V-shaped dorsal rim. Style ( Fig. 25E View FIGURE 25 ) with inner lobe subquadrate. (Distribution: Colombia)........................................................ A. colombiana Sauceda-V & Takiya, sp. nov.

7 Anterior portion of crown, in lateral view, inflated ( Figs. 27B View FIGURE 27 , 28B View FIGURE 28 , 29B View FIGURE 29 ), forming an obtuse angle in the transition to face. Black area on posterior portion of crown ( Figs. 27A View FIGURE 27 , 28A View FIGURE 28 , 29A View FIGURE 29 ), between antennal ledges, complete or interrupted medially, anterolateral sides not extended anteriorly beyond antennal ledges. Hind legs with femoral setal formula 2:0:0 or 2:1:0. (Distribution: Andean piedmont forests in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia)....................... A. horvathi ( Jacobi, 1905) View in CoL

- Anterior portion of crown, in lateral view, not inflated ( Fig. 24B View FIGURE 24 ). Black area on posterior portion of crown ( Fig. 24A View FIGURE 24 ), between antennal ledges, complete and with anterolateral sides extending anteriorly beyond antennal ledges. Hind legs with femoral setal formula 2:1:0. (Distribution: Amazon lowland foothill forest in Peru).... A. amazonica Sauceda-V & Takiya, sp. nov.

8 Anterior portion of crown and dorsal two thirds of frons yellow ( Figs. 4A–D View FIGURE 4 , 7A–D View FIGURE 7 , 15A–D View FIGURE 15 ), varying from light yellow to ochraceous; gena ( Figs. 4B, D View FIGURE 4 , 7B, D View FIGURE 7 , 15B, D View FIGURE 15 ) with posteroventral portion light yellow to ochraceous and anterodorsal portion dark brown or black; crown and pronotum ( Figs. 4A, C View FIGURE 4 , 7A, C View FIGURE 7 , 15A, C View FIGURE 15 ) without pubescence......................... 9

- Anterior portion of head completely castaneous to dark brown ( Figs. 10A–E View FIGURE 10 , 19A, B View FIGURE 19 ) or anterior portion of crown and dorsal two-thirds of the frons rufous ( Fig. 17A, B View FIGURE 17 ); gena completely dark brown or black or completely yellow; crown and pronotum with or without pubescence............................................................................ 11

9 Body coloration ( Figs. 7A–D View FIGURE 7 , 15A–D View FIGURE 15 ) mostly ochraceous or light yellow and brown to black. Crown with anterior margin ( Figs. 7A, C View FIGURE 7 , 15A, C View FIGURE 15 ) subtriangular to triangular, disk with a distinct depression. Preapical region of pygofer ( Fig. 7E View FIGURE 7 , 15E View FIGURE 15 ) with a slight concavity ventrally. Base of connective arms ( Fig. 7G View FIGURE 7 , 15G View FIGURE 15 ) without a dorsal rim. Style ( Fig. 7G View FIGURE 7 , 15G View FIGURE 15 ) with apical portion twice as long as wide; apodeme narrow and not longer than basal width of apophysis. Dorsal connective ( Figs. 7H–J View FIGURE 7 , 15H–J View FIGURE 15 ) somewhat sclerotized, submedian acute process small and inconspicuous................................. 10

- Body coloration ( Fig. 4A–D View FIGURE 4 ) mostly dull yellow and brown. Crown with anterior margin ( Figs. 4A, C View FIGURE 4 , 5A View FIGURE 5 ) broadly rounded, disk without a distinct depression. Preapical region of pygofer ( Fig. 4E View FIGURE 4 ) regularly convex, without a slight concavity ventrally. Base of connective arms ( Fig. 4G View FIGURE 4 ) with a V-shaped dorsal rim. Style ( Fig. 4G View FIGURE 4 ) with apical portion as long as wide; apodeme wide and longer than basal width of apophysis. Dorsal connective ( Fig. 4H–J View FIGURE 4 ) well sclerotized, submedian acute process conspicuous....................................................................... A. arnetti Young, 1968 View in CoL

10 Body coloration ( Figs. 7A–D View FIGURE 7 , 8A–D View FIGURE 8 , 9A, B, D–E View FIGURE 9 ) mostly light yellow and dark brown or black. Pronotum ( Figs. 7A, C View FIGURE 7 , 8A, C View FIGURE 8 , 9A, D View FIGURE 9 ) completely dark and without maculae or with two circular maculae of variable sizes, sometimes merged anteriorly, generally orange-yellow, and conspicuous............................................... A. dives (Walker, 1851) View in CoL

- Body coloration ( Figs. 15A–D View FIGURE 15 , 16A, B View FIGURE 16 ) mostly ochraceous yellow and brown. Pronotum ( Figs. 15A, C View FIGURE 15 , 16A View FIGURE 16 ) ochraceous yellow, except for a broad castaneous transverse stripe along anterior margin... A. ochracea Sauceda-V & Takiya, sp. nov.

11 Crown and frons completely castaneous to dark brown without distinct maculae ( Figs. 10A–E View FIGURE 10 , 19A, B View FIGURE 19 , 20A, B View FIGURE 20 , 22A, B View FIGURE 22 ); crown and pronotum ( Figs. 10D View FIGURE 10 , 19A View FIGURE 19 , 20A View FIGURE 20 ) pubescent. Pronotum ( Figs. 10D View FIGURE 10 , 19A View FIGURE 19 , 20A View FIGURE 20 ) uniformly dark or red brown. Preapical dorsal spiniform process of aedeagal shaft ( Figs. 10I View FIGURE 10 , 19F View FIGURE 19 , 20F View FIGURE 20 ) without a basal dentiform process.................... 12

- Crown and frons ( Figs. 17A, B View FIGURE 17 , 18A, B View FIGURE 18 ) mostly rufous, posterior portion of crown with a black area between antennal ledges; crown and pronotum ( Figs. 17A View FIGURE 17 , 18A View FIGURE 18 ) without pubescence. Pronotum ( Figs. 17A View FIGURE 17 , 18A View FIGURE 18 ) castaneous brown with a darker stripe along anterior margin. Preapical dorsal spiniform process of aedeagal shaft ( Fig. 17F View FIGURE 17 ) sometimes with a small basal dentiform process............................................................ A. rufifrons Sauceda-V & Takiya, sp. nov.

12 Body coloration ( Figs. 10A–E View FIGURE 10 , 11A, B View FIGURE 11 ) mostly castaneous brown, brochosome cover may add purple or blue tinge. Head and thorax ( Figs. 10A–E View FIGURE 10 , 11A, B View FIGURE 11 ) completely castaneous, sometimes with few small and inconspicuous yellow areas on pleurites. Forewings castaneous to dark brown, including venation. Fore- and middle legs ( Fig. 10E View FIGURE 10 ) with femora, tibiae, and tarsi yellow, with dark brown areas at basal and apical portions, or legs completely dark brown ( Figs. 10B View FIGURE 10 , 11B View FIGURE 11 ). Pygofer ( Fig. 10F View FIGURE 10 ) with small concavity ventrally at preapical region. Style ( Fig. 10H View FIGURE 10 ) reaching connective apex; apical portion almost as long as wide............................................................................. A. gigas ( Fowler, 1898) View in CoL

- Body coloration ( Figs. 19A, B View FIGURE 19 , 21A–D View FIGURE 21 , 22A, B View FIGURE 22 ) mostly dark brown, brochosome cover may add blue tinge ( Figs. 20A, B View FIGURE 20 , 21C, D View FIGURE 21 ). Head and thorax completely dark brown or castaneous, sometimes with few small and inconspicuous yellow areas on pleurites ( Figs. 19A, B View FIGURE 19 , 22A, B View FIGURE 22 ), or gena and pleurites almost completely yellow ( Figs. 20A, B View FIGURE 20 , 21A–D View FIGURE 21 ). Forewings dark brown, usually with lighter-colored veins on anterior half of corium ( Figs. 19A, B View FIGURE 19 , 21A–D View FIGURE 21 , 22A View FIGURE 22 ), more commonly with three distinct yellow to orange regions, sometimes merged anteriorly. Fore- and middle legs ( Figs. 19B View FIGURE 19 , 20B View FIGURE 20 , 21B, D View FIGURE 21 , 22B View FIGURE 22 ) completely dark brown. Pygofer ( Fig. 19C View FIGURE 19 ) with ventral preapical region regularly convex. Style ( Fig. 19E View FIGURE 19 ) extending beyond connective apex; apical portion approximately four times as long as wide....................... A. tissa Distant, 1908 View in CoL