Gryphus vitreus ( Born, 1778 )

Gryphus vitreus ( Born, 1778) View in CoL

Figures 13 View Figure 13 , 14 View Figure 14

Anomia vitrea Born, 1778, p. 104 .

non Anomia vitrea – Chemnitz (1785), pl. 78, figs. 707 and 709 [= Dallina septigera View in CoL ].

Terebratula vitrea View in CoL – Lamarck (1801), p. 139.

Gryphus vitreus View in CoL – Megerle von Mühlfeld (1811), p. 64.

Liothyris vitrea View in CoL – Douvillé (1879), p. 265, fig. 6.

Terebratula (Liothyris) vitrea View in CoL – Deslongchamps (1884), p. 190 –195, pl. 5, figs. 8–12.

Terebratula (Liothyrina) vitrea View in CoL – OEhlert (1887), p. 1316, fig. 1104 Description: Shell moderately to strongly inflated ventribiconvex. Outline elongate egg-shaped to subpentagonal. Rectimarginate to broadly uniplicate anterior commissure; shiny and smooth without ornamentation. Shell matrix densely endopunctate, greatly thickened and heavy posteriorly. Colour white to light grey or yellowish. Ventral umbo short and curled greatly towards dorsal valve. Deltidial plates unite and partly fuse together, forming a symphytium and confining an egg-shaped, variably-sized foramen. Pedicle collar thick. Hinge teeth without dental plates. Vascula media of mantle canal system strongly impressed on valve floor and usually visible on valve exterior as two straight, diverging, whitish lines on both dorsal and ventral valves. Cardinal process small and transverse. Short, poorly developed dorsal median ridge reaching slightly anterior of 1/3 valve length and forked at the very front (usually visible through the shell). Short brachial loop about 1/4 valve length. Dorsal muscle scars reaching to about 1/5–2/7 valve length. Maximum length 40 mm.

Depth range: 73–2663 m depth ( Jeffreys 1878; Dall 1920).

Temperature range: 4.6–13.6˚C ( Jeffreys 1878; Allmen et al. 2010).

Salinity range: 38.1–38.5 ( Allmen et al. 2010).

Current velocity: 25–100 cm /s ( Emig 1987; Emig & García-Carrascosa 1991).

Substrate: Rock, gravel, artificial substrates and shells ( Fischer & OEhlert 1891; Logan 1979; Allmen et al. 2010; Toma et al. 2022).

Geography: Southern margin of the Celtic Sea, Bay of Biscay, Portugal, the Mediterranean, off North Africa, Cape Verde ( Fischer & OEhlert 1891; Logan 1979; Brunton & Curry 1979; Zezina 2014).