Dimorphocalyx australiensis C.T.White

1. Dimorphocalyx australiensis C.T.White View in CoL — Fig. 1c View Fig , Map 1

Dimorphocalyx australiensis C.T. White (1936) View in CoL 80; Airy Shaw (1969) 125; (1974) 328; (1980a) 74; (1980b) 237; (1980c) 624; (1982) 16. — Type: Brass 2019 (holo BRI; iso A, K, 2 sheets, US), Australia, Queensland, Mowbray River .

[ Croton muricatus Zipp. ex Span. (1841) View in CoL 348, nom. nud. — Based on: Zippelius s.n. (L, 3 sheets,barcodes:L0245271,L0245278,L0245277),[ Indonesia, Lesser Sunda Islands,] Timor.]

Tritaxis australiensi s S. Moore (1920) 218. — Type: Damel s.n. (holo K; iso BM, not seen, BRI, K), Australia, Queensland, Cape York, Cook pastoral district.

Shrubs to small trees, to 10 m high, dbh to 20 cm; flowering branches 1–2 mm thick, round to somewhat angular, yellow to brown, mainly slightly hairy at nodes, usually striate. Indumentum of ferrugineous hairs, most parts mainly glabrous. Outer bark (greenish) brown to grey, rough, sometimes flaky, c. 0.5 mm thick; under bark red; inner bark orange-brown to reddish brown to light brown, c. 7 mm thick; sapwood cream to pale brown. Stipules triangular, c. 5 by 1.5 mm, outside hairy, very early caducous, usually absent. Leaves: petiole 0.4–2.7 cm long, 0.7–1.5 mm diam, glabrous to slightly hairy, often trans- versely cracked when dry, basically and apically pulvinate; blade (ovate to) elliptic (to obovate), widest in ± middle, 2.3–14.3 by 1.5–6.5 cm, 1.3–2.2 times as long as wide, papyraceous, base obtuse to round to cuneate to attenuate, margin ± entire to serrulate, revolute, apex (rounded) to acuminate (to cuspidate), upper surface dark green, lower surface lighter green, venation slightly raised above, raised below, secondary veins (6–)8–12 pairs, tertiary nerves reticulate. Inflorescences axillary to mainly terminal, very short, dichasial, to 6 cm long, branches round to angular, partly to completely densely sericeous; bracts and 2 bracteoles forming tight cups, 1.1–1.9 by 1.1–2.2 mm, hairy outside, coriaceous, midrib thickened, apex mucronulate. Staminate flowers c. 15 mm diam, white, buds green; pedicel 3.5–7 mm long above abscission zone, round, hairy; calyx connate at base, lobes ovate to obovate, 1.7–2.5 by 2–2.5 mm, apex round, outside hairy except margin, inside glabrous,

Map 1 Distribution of Dimorphocalyx australiensis C.T.White ( l), D. moluccensis Welzen & Oostrum ( «), D. pauciflorus (Merr.) Airy Shaw (▲), and D. trichocarpus (Airy Shaw) Welzen & Oostrum ( N).

without subapical glands outside; petals oblong to obovate, 6.5–8.3 by 3.2–5.3 mm, basally with a nail of c. 0.7 mm, apex round, nail and basal margins thickened and hairy outside, rest glabrous; disc 5 lobes thick, short lobes, 0.6–1 by 0.5–0.6 mm, glabrous; stamens 7–8, in 2 whorls, all filaments partly united, glabrous, basal part of androphore of outer 4–5 stamens c. 3.5 mm long, free part of filaments c. 1.3 mm, inner part of androphore of inner 3 stamens c. 5.2 mm long, free part of filaments c. 0.5 mm, anthers 0.5–1 by 0.5–0.9 mm, dorsifixed. Pistillate flowers 6–7 mm diam, white; pedicel 5–8 mm long above abscission zone, round to flattened, hairy, glabrescent; calyx (4–)5-lobed, lobes, ovate, 2.3–3.5 by 2–3 mm, outside and inside sericeous, without subapical glands outside; petals very early caducous; disc a thin ring, glabrous; ovary ovoid, 2.5–3 by 2–3 mm, densely set with slender, pointed spines, hairy, style absent to 0.7 mm long, stigmas 1.3–2 mm long, upper 0.3–1 mm split. Fruits 9–10 by 6–6.5 mm, echinate, hairy, green to dark brown; pedicel 6–10 mm long; sepals enlarging to 4 by 2 mm; wall c. 0.8 mm thick, woody, exocarp not splitting off; columella 4–4.5 mm long. Seeds ellipsoid to obovoid, c. 5.3 by 4 by 4 mm, slightly marbled.

Distribution — Lesser Sunda Islands (Sumbawa, Flores, Timor), New Guinea, Australia ( Queensland) ( Airy Shaw 1980b).

Habitat & Ecology — In monsoon forest to complex notophyll vine forest to the substage of primary rain forest, but also in scrubs; often in wetter areas, but also dry slopes; found on metamorphic rocks (tuff breccia) to soils derived from basalt. Altitude: 10– 800 m. Flowering: whole year through; fruiting: January, October, December (probably also whole year through).

Vernacular name — Lesser Sunda Islands: Flores:Anak watu.