Bactrocera ( Bactrocera ) kirki ( Froggatt, 1910 )

Bactrocera ( Bactrocera) kirki ( Froggatt, 1910) View in CoL

Figure 39 View Figure 39

Distribution ( Fig. 112 View Figure 112 ). Fiji ( Rotuma). Futuna. Wallis. Samoa (Savai’i, Manono, Upolu). American Samoa. Tonga ( Tongatapu Group, Ha’apai Group, Vava’u Group, Niuas Group). Niue. French Polynesia (Austral Islands, Society Islands, Tuamotu-Gambier Islands; detected 1928).

Male lure. Cue-lure.

Host plants. Category B polyphagous fruit pest ( Vargas et al. 2015) bred from 43 host species in 17 families. Host plants in French Polynesia, Samoa and Tonga: ANACARDIACEAE : Anacardium occidentale , Mangifera indica , Pleiogynium timoriense , Spondias dulcis , S. mombin . ANNONACEAE : Annona muricata , A. reticulata . APOCYNACEAE : Ochrosia oppositifolia . CARICACEAE : Carica papaya . COMBRETACEAE : Terminalia catappa , T. litoralis . ELAEOCARPACEAE : Elaeocarpus tonganus . FABACEAE : Inocarpus fagifer . LAURACEAE : Persea americana . MELIACEAE : Cedrela odorata , Eugenia brasiliensis , E. uniflora , Psidium cattleianum , P. guajava , Syzygium aqueum , S. corynocarpum , S. dealatum , S. gracilipes , S. jambos , S. malaccense , S. neurocalyx , S. richii . OXALIDACEAE : Averrhoa carambola . PASSIFLORACEAE : Passiflora edulis , P. quadrangularis . ROSA- CEAE: Eriobotrya japonica , Prunus persica . RUBIACEAE : Morinda citrifolia . RUTACEAE : Citrus maxima , C. reticulata , C. sinensis , Micromelum minutum . SAPINDACEAE : Pometia pinnata . SAPOTACEAE : Pouteria caimito . SOLANACEAE : Capsicum annuum , C. frutescens , Solanum lycopersicum , S. melongena .

Edible hosts common names. Abiu, avocado, Brazil cherry, cashew, chilli pepper, common guava, custard apple, eggplant, giant granadilla, hog-plum, Jew plum, loquat, Malay-apple, mango, noni, orange, Pacific lychee, papaya, peach, pomelo, purple granadilla, rose-apple, soursop, starfruit, strawberry guava, Surinam cherry, sweet pepper, Tahitian chestnut, tangerine, tomato, tropical almond, watery rose-apple.

Biology. Adults mate late morning to early afternoon, when light intensity is highest (Allwood 1997). Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figure 116 View Figure 116 , and in Litsinger et al. (1991). This species is parasitized by Fopius arisanus in Tonga and Samoa and Pstyttalia fijiensis in Tonga ( Heimoana et al. 1997; Vargas et al. 2012a).

Notes. Heat tolerance of immature stages investigated in Samoa ( Tunupopo et al. 2019).