Glossocarya mollis Wall. ex Griff., 1843

3. Glossocarya mollis Wall. ex Griff. View in CoL — Fig. 2 View Fig , 4 View Fig , 5c View Fig ; Map 1

Glossocarya mollis Wall. ex Griff.(1843) 366. — Lectotype (designated here): Wallich,Numerical List nr.1741 (lecto K-W [ K001114034 ]), Myanmar, Sagaing, Segacu Hills.

Glossocarya mollis Wall. ex Griff. var. maxwellii Moldenke (1976b) View in CoL 111. — Type: Maxwell 75­889 (holo AAU; iso BK [ SN232892 ],C n.v., L [ L0414200 ]), Thailand, Trang, Khao Chong .

Woody climber or scandent-sprawling shrub, to 6 m tall. Stems obtusely quadrangular withfinely longitudinal grooves, brown or yellowish brown, pubescent with long subadpressed hairs, glabrous at base. Leaves oblong-ovate or elliptic-ovate, 50– 100(–130) by 40–80(–100) mm, apex acute, base obtuse or cordate, margins entire, upper surface glabrescent or sparsely pubescent with soft short or long hairs on midrib and lateral veins, lower surface pubescent with long soft hairs, sessile glands or gland dots absent; petioles 5–10(–13) mm long, canaliculate above, densely pubescent with long hairs. Inflorescence terminal, much-branched, 50–160 by 80–300 mm, cymes compact, many-flowered; bracts ovate, 10–20 mm long, upper surface pubescent with short hairs, lower surface pubescent with dense short hairs; bracteoles linear or lanceo-

Map 1 Distribution of Glossocarya crenata H.R.Fletcher (*), G. longiflora H.R.Fletcher (✩), G. mollis Wall. ex Griff. (T), G. premnoides Ridl. (Δ) and G. siamensis Craib (v) in Thailand.

late, 2–5 mm long. Flowering calyx obconical, 2–3 mm long; tube 2–2.5 mm diam at top, pubescent with long whitish subadpressed hairs outside, glabrous inside; lobes equal, triangular-ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm long, apex apiculate. Fruiting calyx campanulate, 4–5 mm long; tube 3–4 mm diam at top, strigose with short subadpressed hairs outside, glabrous inside; lobes broadly triangular, 0.3–0.5 mm long, with apex apiculate. Corolla white; tube 7–9 mm long, sparsely pubescent with short adpressed hairs outside, glabrous inside; lobes subequal, densely pubescent with outside, glabrous inside; the anterior lobe c. 4 by 2 mm, apex rounded, margins undulate; other lobes c. 3 by 2.5 mm, apex rounded or broadly acute, margins undu- late. Stamens inserted at corolla throat; filaments 12–15 mm long, glabrous; anthers oblong, 0.7–0.8 mm long, base sagit- tate. Style 23–25 mm long; branches subequal, 0.9–1.1 mm long. Fruit oblong or elliptic-oblong, 7–9 by 2.5–3 mm, pilose with long patent hairs and sparsely yellowish white glands on upper half, exserted from the calyx, glabrous on lower half within in the calyx; mericarps basally winged; seeds 4–5 mm long; carpophore present, obconical, (3–) 4–5 mm long.

Distribution — Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand (Northern: Chiang Mai, Tak, Nakhon Sawan. North-eastern: Phetchabun, Loei; Eastern: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; South-western: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi, Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; Central: Lop Buri, Saraburi; South-eastern: Sa Kaeo, Chon Buri; Peninsular: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Phatthalung, Trang, Songkhla), Papua New Guinea.

Habitat & Ecology — On limestone hills and in secondary dry evergreen forest; at 30–170(–400) m elevation. Flowering and fruiting: March to December.

Conservation status — Glossocarya mollis is a widespread species collected from various habitats in Thailand and the Least Concern (LC) category is applied. There are no obvi- ous threat leading to decline. Both AOO and EOO exceed the threshold for threatened categories.

Specimens examined. Annandale 1832 (SING photo), Lower Siam, Kao Koh Sawan; Anonymous s.n. (BK [SN260123]), Nakhon Ratchasima, Pak Chong; Bongcheewin 1124 (PBM), Saraburi, Chaloem Phra Kiat, Na Phra Lan, Wat Bencha Kiri Nakhon; Bongcheewin 1129 (PBM), Saraburi, Phra Phutthabat, Khun Khlon,Tham Makak; Bourke­Burrowes s.n. (BK), Phetch- abun, Pasak River; Chermsirivathana 105 (BK), Prachuap Khiri Khan, Khlong Wan; Collins 26 (BM, K); Collins 39 (BM, K); Collins 658 (K), Chon Buri, Si Racha; Damrongsak 378 (BKF), Nakhon Ratchasima,Pak Thong Chai,Wang Nam Khiao; Hosseus 5 (BM, K, L, M n.v., MO n.v., NY n.v., W n.v.), Bangkok, Menam,Bang-Ma-Loon; Kaew 16 (BKF), Prachuap Khiri Khan,Khao Chong Krachok; Kerr 3061 (BM, K), Tak, Kaeng Um La, Me Ping rapids; Kerr 4541 (AAU, ABD n.v., BK, BM, E n.v., P), Nakhon Sawan, Banphot Phisai, Ban Daen, Khao Sang; Kerr 7047 (BK, BM, E n.v., K, SING photo), Saraburi, Menam Pa Sak; Kerr 8770 (AAU,ABD n.v., BK,BM,K), Loei,Wang Saphung; Kerr 9135 (BK, BM, E n.v., K, P), Saraburi, Hin Lap; Kerr 10963 (BK, BM, K), Prachuap Khiri Khan, Sam Roi Yot; Kerr 11147 (AAU, B n.v., BK, BM, K), Surat Thani, Ko Tao; Kerr 19279 (BK, BM, K, SING photo), Phatthalung, Khao Hua Tek; Larsen et al. 1501 (AAU, L, LL n.v., P), Ratchaburi, Huai Yang; Larsen et al. 42121 (AAU, BKF), Songkhla, Ton Nga Chang, 20 km West of Hat Yai; Larsen et al. 45351 (AAU), Phetchaburi, Kaeng Krachan National Park, Khao Pa Karang; Marcan 1890 (BK, BM, E n.v.), Saraburi, Muak Lek; Maxwell 05­488 (BKF, L), Kanchanaburi, Sai Yok, summit of a ragged limestone hill at Wat Trai Rattanaram; Maxwell 05­700 (L), Saraburi, Mueang, Sam Lan National Park, Summit of Khao Krok; Maxwell 72­605 (AAU, BK), Chon Buri, Sattahip, Thung Prong; Maxwell 73­694 (AAU, BK), Saraburi, Mueang, Sam Lan; Maxwell 86­456 (BKF, L), Songkhla, Sadao, Padang Besar, Khao Rup Chang; Maxwell 86­505 (BKF, L), Phatthalung, Si Banphot, Khao Pu Khao Ya National Park; Maxwell 86­594 (BKF, L), Songkhla, Sadao, Padang Besar, Khao Rup Chang; Maxwell 92­686 (L, P), Chon Buri, Ko Sichang; Maxwell 93­139 (BKF, L), Chon Buri, Si Racha, south-east side of Ko Kwang; Middleton et al. 2214 (BKF, L), Prachuap Khiri Khan, Kaeng Krachan National Park; Niyomdham 3322 (BKF), Phangnga, Similun National Park, Ko 6; Niyomdham 3397 (BKF), Phangnga, Similun National Park, Ko 9; Noopakdee 7 (BKF), Saraburi, Phrabaht, Khao Nok Yung; Phengklai & Smitinand 6158 (BKF), Chiang Mai, Inthanon, Saithong Waterfall; Phonsena et al. 3535 (BKF), Sa Kaeo, Khlong Hat, Khao Lueam, Phonsea et al. 6244 (BKF), Lop Buri, Tha Wung, Khao Samo Khon; Pooma et al. 2975 (BKF), Lop Buri, Chai Badan, Na Som, Wat Khao Tambon; Pooma et al. 3089 (BKF), Prachuap Khiri Khan, Hua Hin, Pran Buri Forest Park, in front of Khao Lot spirit house; Pooma et al. 4668 (BKF, E n.v., K, L, P, SING photo), Lop Buri, Bandai Samsaen temple; Pooma et al. 5717 (BKF), Saraburi, Phra Phutthabat, Khun khlon, Tham Makak; Pooma et al. 6427 (BKF, E n.v.), Surat Thani,Ban Nasan, Phraphothisat Kuan-im; Pooma et al. 6640 (BKF, E n.v., L), Phatthalung, Mueang, Chai Buri, Roadside to Mueang Kao Chai Buri Forest Park; Pradit 526 (BK), Nakhon Ratchasima, Pak Thong Chai; Put 236 (ABD n.v., BK, BM, K), Prachuap Khiri Khan; Put 996 (BK, BM, K), Chumphon, Siepyuan; Put 4127 (BK, BM, E n.v., K, SING photo), Surat Thani,Kantuli; Robinson 6456 (K), Trang; Sangkhachand 1058 (BKF, K, L, P), Prachuap Khiri Khan, Khao Sam Roi Yot; Seelanan et al. 397 (BCU), Chon Buri,Ko Sichang; Shimizu et al. T­7603 (AAU,BKF,L), Prachuap Khiri Khan, Khao Chong Krachok; Smitinand 4829 (BKF, K, LL n.v.), Nakhon Ratchasima, Pak Chong; Smitinand & Fraser 42 (BKF), Prachuap Khiri Khan, Sam Roi Yot National Park; Smitinand & Sleumer 1092 (BKF, L), Nakhon Sawan,Takhli,Khao Takhli; Smitinand & Sleumer 1356 (BKF,K, L), Saraburi, Khao Song Phi Nong; Sutheesorn 673 (BK), Chaiyaphum,Khao Kong, 2736 (BK), Prachuap Khiri Khan, Sam Roi Yot, 3154 (BK), Nakhon Sawan, Khao Takhli; Tagane et al. T­2329 (BKF), Phetchaburi, Kaeng Krachan National Park,Ban Krang Camp; Van Beusekom & Smitinand 2045 (AAU,BKF,E n.v., L, P), Chon Buri, Si Racha, Ko Sichang; Van Beusekom et al. 3325 (BKF, K, L), Nakhon Ratchasima, Sakaerat; Van Beusekom et al. 3874 (BKF, K, L, P), Kanchanaburi, Erawan National Park; Van Steenis 19597 (L), North of Bangkok, near Ban Doen; Wongprasert s.n. (BKF [SN090758]), Lop Buri, Khok Charoen, Wangmanora; Wongprasert et al. s.n. (BKF [SN120796]), Chon Buri, Pattaya, Ko Phai.

Notes — 1. Glossocarya mollis is distinct from other species in Thailand by having a carpophore and a pilose fruit with long spreading hairs on the upper half, exserted from the calyx. However, the hair density on the leaf surfaces is very variable; G. mollis var. maxwellii was described from a single collection with hairs restricted only to the midrib and lateral veins, but this variation is commonly observed from other collections of G. mollis . Therefore, we treated G. mollis var. maxwellii as a new synonym of G. mollis .

2. The collection Annandale 1832 was cited by Fletcher (1938a) as G. longiflora , but his annotation on the herbarium sheet at SING, done in 1935, mentioned the specimen as G. mollis . The examination of Annandale 1832 at SING clearly reveals that it is G. mollis by having the carpophore and long patent hairs on the upper half of mericarps.