Haemaphysalis chordeilis ( Packard, 1869 )

Haemaphysalis chordeilis ( Packard, 1869) View in CoL

Synonym: Ixodes chordeilis Packard, 1869 .

Type-host: Chordeiles minor (Forster) ( Caprimulgiformes : Caprimulgidae ).

Other hosts: Bonasa umbellus (Linnaeus) , Centrocercus urophasianus (Bonaparte) , Dendragapus obscurus (Say) , Falcipennis canadensis (Linnaeus) , Meleagris gallopavo Linnaeus , Tympanuchus cupido (Linnaeus) , Tympanuchus phasianellus (Linnaeus) , Tympanuchus sp. , unspecified grouse ( Galliformes : Phasianidae ), Zonotrichia leucophrys (Forster) ( Passeriformes : Passerellidae ), unspecified rabbit ( Lagomorpha : Leporidae ), unspecified pocket gopher ( Rodentia : Geomyidae ), Bos taurus Linnaeus ( Artiodactyla : Bovidae ), Equus caballus Linnaeus ( Perissodactyla : Equidae ).

Type-locality: USA: Massachusetts.

Other localities: Canada: Alberta: Medicine Hat, Seven Persons ; Manitoba; Ontario: Algonquin Park, Almonte . USA: California: Marin County, Fort Barry ; Idaho: Elmore County, Boise National Forest ; Massachusetts: Dukes County, Gay Head, Vineyard Haven ; Michigan: Clinton and Ingham Counties , East Lansing ; Mecosta County, Big Rapids ; Otsego County , Johannesburg ; Minnesota: Morrison County, Cushing ; Montana: Carter County, Piniele; Fergus County, Judith Mountains , Lewistown, Roy, 1.5 miles southwest of Jerigo Farm , 2.5 miles east of Roy ; Hill County , Havre; Ravalli County , Florence, Hamilton, Victor ; Nebraska: Dawes County, Chadron ; New Hampshire: Merrimack County, Boscawen ; New York: Albany County, Delmar ; Utah: Garfield County ; Vermont: Windsor County, Norwich, Taftsville ; Washington: Grays Harbor County, 4 miles south of Westport; Lewis County , Silver Creek ; Wisconsin: Wood County, 2 miles south of Babcock ; Wyoming: Sheridan County, Little Goose Canyon .

Type-material: Holotype female, from C. minor , Massachusetts, USA, F.G. Sanborn; deposited in the MCZ (No. 50239).

Other material: 157 males, 30 females, 50 nymphs and 178 larvae. Canada: Alberta: Medicine Hat (~ 50°2'N, 110°40'W): 1 female, from drag, 18.v.1952, J.H. Brown, USNMENT 01784575; Seven Persons (~ 49°52'N, 110°54'W): 1 male, 9.v.1951, J. Higgin, USNMENT 01784576; Manitoba: 8 larvae (reared in laboratory), parent female from domestic cattle, ix.1913, J.R.N. Harrison, USNMENT 01784577; Ontario: Algonquin Park (~ 45°47'N, 78°24'W): 1 male, 1 female and 2 nymphs, from F. canadensis , 9.vii.1949, D.M. Davier, USNMENT 01784578; Almonte (~ 45°13'N, 76°11'W): 1 female, from M. gallopavo , 22.vii.1940, C.R. Twinn, USNMENT 01784579. USA: California: Marin County, Fort Barry (~ 37°49'N, 122°31'W): 1 male, from flag, 9.i.1952, S.J. Carpenter, USNMENT 01784574; Idaho:Elmore County, Boise National Forest(~ 44°N, 115°24'W): 1 female, from D.obscurus , 20.vi.1940, W.H. Marshall (WHM), USNMENT 01784580; same locality: 3 males, from D. obscurus , 6.vi.1940, WHM, USNMENT 01784581; Massachusetts: Dukes County, Gay Head (~ 41°20'N, 70°47'W): 1 female, from M. gallopavo , 2.vii.1938, C.N. Smith (CNS), USNMENT 01784582; same locality: 1 male, from drag, 2.vi.1939, H.K. Gouck Jr., USNMENT 01784583; Vineyard Haven (~ 41°27'N, 70°36'W): 1 female, from drag, 12.v.1939, CNS, USNMENT 01784584; Michigan: Clinton and Ingham Counties, East Lansing (~ 42°44'N, 84°29'W): 1 male, 5 females and 3 nymphs, from M. gallopavo , 13.viii.1927, R.H. Pettit (RHP), USNMENT 01784585; Mecosta County, Big Rapids (~ 43°41'N, 85°29'W): 1 female, from domestic horse, 30.ix.1933, RHP, USNMENT 01784586; Otsego County, Johannesburg (~ 44°59'N, 84°27'W): 1 female, from domestic cow, viii.1945, A. Reusch, USNMENT 01784587; Minnesota: Morrison County, Cushing (~ 46°8'N, 94°34'W): 1 male, from rabbit, vi, USNMENT 01784588; Montana: 2 larvae, USNMENT 01784589; Carter County, Piniele (~ 45°18'N, 104°56'W): 1 female, from C. urophasianus , 8.ix.1935, W. Jellison, USNMENT 01784590; Fergus County, Judith Mountains (~ 47°13'N, 109°13'W): 1 male and 1 female, from D. obscurus, R.L. Eng, USNMENT 01784591; Fergus County, Lewistown (~ 47°3'N, 109°25'W): 5 males, 1 female and 1 nymph, from C. urophasianus , 31.viii.1931, USNMENT 01784592; same locality: 2 females, from C. urophasianus , 21.viii.1931, USNMENT 01784593; same locality: 48 larvae, from grouse, 26.x.1931, USNMENT 01784594; same locality: 2 nymphs and 1 larva, from C. urophasianus , 31.viii.1931, USNMENT 01784595; Fergus County, Roy (~ 47°19'N, 108°57'W): 28 males, 1 female and 1 nymph (reared in laboratory), parents from C. urophasianus , 23.ix.1931, USNMENT 01784596; same locality: 92 males, 1 female, 14 nymphs and 39 larvae (reared in laboratory), parents from C. urophasianus , 23.ix.1931, USNMENT 01784597; same locality: 6 nymphs and 2 larvae, from C. urophasianus , 23.ix.1931, USNMENT 01784599; same locality: 1 male, 1 female and 1 nymph, from C. urophasianus , ix.1931, USNMENT 01784606; Fergus County, Roy, 1.5 miles southwest of Jerigo Farm: 10 nymphs and 3 larvae, from C. urophasianus , 26.ix.1931, USNMENT 01784603; same locality: 4 nymphs, from C. urophasianus , 26.ix.1931, USNMENT 01784604; Fergus County, 2.5 miles east of Roy: 1 nymph, from C. urophasianus , 26.ix.1931, USNMENT 01784598; same locality: 1 nymph, from C. urophasianus , 26.ix.1931, USNMENT 01784600; same locality: 1 larva, from C. urophasianus , 26.ix.1931, USNMENT 01784601; same locality: 1 nymph, from C. urophasianus , 26.ix.1931, USNMENT 01784602; same locality: 2 larvae, from C. urophasianus , 26.ix.1931, USNMENT 01784605; Hill County, Havre (~ 48°32'N, 109°40'W): 4 males, from T. phasianellus , 23.ix.1959, A.M. Jasmin, USNMENT 01784607; Ravalli County (~ 46°4'N, 114°7'W): 1 male, from B. umbellus , 18.ix.1932, USNMENT 01784608; Ravalli County, Florence (~ 46°38'N, 114°4'W): 1 male, crawling on human, 18.vii.1910, W.V. King, USNMENT 01784609; Ravalli County, Hamilton (~ 46°14'N, 114°9'W): 2 nymphs and 3 larvae, from pocket gopher, 25.ix.1931, G. Davis, USNMENT 01784610; Ravalli County, Victor (~ 46°25'N, 114°8'W): 3 males and 1 larva, from D. obscurus , 10.viii.1922, USNMENT 01784611; same locality: 1 male, from D. obscurus , 10.viii.1922, USNMENT 01784612; same locality: 3 males and 2 larvae, from grouse, 17.viii.1923, USNMENT 01784613; Nebraska: Dawes County, Chadron (~ 42°49'N, 103°W): 4 males and 1 female, from grouse, 12.viii.1930, C.B. Philip, USNMENT 01784614; New Hampshire: Merrimack County, Boscawen (~ 43°18'N, 71°37'W): 1 female, from B. umbellus , 21.viii.1940, J.F. Mueller, USNMENT 01784615; New York: Albany County, Delmar (~ 42°37'N, 73°50'W): 1 female, from grouse, 1935, LeDune, USNMENT 01784616; Utah: Garfield County (~ 37°52'N, 111°26'W): 1 female, from rabbit, 27.vii.1936, Eskey, USNMENT 01784617; Vermont: Windsor County, Norwich (~ 43°43'N, 72°18'W): 1 female and 66 larvae (larvae reared in laboratory), from M. gallopavo , 28.vi.1909, P.B. Hadley, USNMENT 01784618; Windsor County, Taftsville (~ 43°37'N, 72°28'W): 1 female, from M. gallopavo, F. Spaulding, USNMENT 01784619; Washington: Grays Harbor County, 4 miles south of Westport (~ 46°50'N, 124°5'W): 1 female, from Z. leucophrys , 21.vi.1959, R.C. Banks (RCB), USNMENT 01784620; same locality: 1 nymph, from Z. leucophrys , 21–23.vi.1959, RCB, USNMENT 01784621; Lewis County, Silver Creek (~ 46°31'N, 122°35'W): 1 male, 17.vii.1910, W. Wright, USNMENT 01784622; Wisconsin: Wood County, 2 miles south of Babcock (~ 44°18'N, 90°6'W): 1 male and 1 female, from T. cupido , 7.iv.1941, W. Grange, USNMENT 01784623; Wyoming: Sheridan County, Little Goose Canyon (~ 44°36'N, 107°2'W): 2 males, from D. obscurus , 18.ix.1961, W.G. Hepworth, USNMENT 01784624. No data on country and locality: 1 female, from Tympanuchus sp. , 28.ix.1934, USNMENT 01784625. All specimens are deposited in the USNTC.

Etymology: The species is apparently named after the avian host genus Chordeiles Swainson on which the type specimen was collected.

Description

Male [Based on 157 specimens; Figs. 1C View FIGURE 1 , 11 View FIGURE 11 , 12 View FIGURE 12 .] Conscutum ( Figs. 1C View FIGURE 1 , 11A–C View FIGURE 11 ) length from scapular apices to posterior margin 1.95–2.68 (2.26 ± 0.14; n = 50), width 1.25–1.80 (1.50 ± 0.10; n = 50), ratio 1.42–1.60 (1.51 ± 0.04; n = 50), broadly suboval, widest posterior to mid-length, uniformly brown; scapulae short, blunt; cervical grooves faint, very shallow; lateral grooves deep, extending from level of leg II to first festoon, enclosing first, second and sometimes third festoons; eleven distinct festoons; punctations distinct, dense, uniform in distribution, relatively small and moderately deep; setae numerous, short ( c. 0.01) and poorly distinct ( Fig. 11A–C View FIGURE 11 ). Genital apron medial to coxae II, with numerous moderately long denticles on posterior margin ( Fig. 11D, E View FIGURE 11 ); postgenital sclerite ( Fig. 11F View FIGURE 11 ) moderately long and broad, more than twice as broad as long, nearly semioval. Spiracular plates ( Fig. 11G View FIGURE 11 ) length 0.28–0.41 (0.32 ± 0.03; n = 50), width 0.26–0.37 (0.31 ± 0.02; n = 50), ratio 0.97–1.26 (1.07 ± 0.06; n = 50); ratio length of spiracular plate to length of festoon I 1.65–2.67 (2.01 ± 0.23; n = 50), angularly suboval, with short and broad dorsal prolongation.

Gnathosoma ( Fig. 12A–C View FIGURE 12 ) length from palpal apices to cornual apices dorsally 0.43–0.54 (0.49 ± 0.02; n = 50), width of gnathosoma between lateral projection of palpal segments II dorsally 0.45–0.59 (0.50 ± 0.03; n = 50), ratio 0.89–1.05 (0.99 ± 0.04; n = 50). Dorsal basis capituli ( Fig. 12A View FIGURE 12 ) length 0.20–0.26 (0.23 ± 0.01; n = 50), width 0.31–0.37 (0.34 ± 0.02; n = 50), ratio width to length 1.39–1.65 (1.51 ± 0.07; n = 50); subrectangular with parallel lateral margins, posterior margin nearly straight; cornua moderately long, with narrowly rounded apex, directed slightly posteromedially, ratio total length of basis capituli, including cornua, to cornual length 3.60–5.40 (4.48 ± 0.54; n = 50). Ventral basis capituli ( Fig. 12B, C View FIGURE 12 ) subrectangular; auriculae lacking. Palpi ( Fig. 12A–D View FIGURE 12 ) short, length dorsally (segments II–III) 0.23–0.30 (0.27 ± 0.01; n = 50), width 0.21–0.26 (0.23 ± 0.01; n = 50), ratio 1.03–1.27 (1.14 ± 0.05; n = 50); broadly salient, ratio combined palpal width to basis capituli width 1.31–1.64 (1.46 ± 0.07; n = 50); segment I poorly distinct, narrow; dorsomedial margin of segment II gradually widening anteriorly at its mid-length; posterolateral margin of segment II steeply convergent posteromedially, very slightly convex dorsally and nearly straight ventrally; apices of lateral projections of palpal segment II directed anterolaterally; posterodorsal and posteroventral spurs on segment II lacking; numerous, moderately broad and densely denticulated ventromedial setae on palpal segment II; segment III dorsally subtriangular with broadly rounded apex; moderately long ventral spur of segment III nearly twice as long as broad, with pointed apex. Hypostome ( Fig. 12B View FIGURE 12 ) short, broadly rounded at apex; dental formula usually 5/5 throughout entire hypostomal length or partially 4/4-5/5 or 4/4-4/5, rarely 4/4 throughout entire hypostomal length; with approximately 8 denticles in file.

Legs moderately long, slender. Coxae ( Fig. 12E, F View FIGURE 12 ): coxa I with moderately long and narrow internal spur with broadly rounded apex, directed posteriorly; coxae II and III each with moderately short and moderately narrow spur, with broadly rounded apex, directed posteriorly; coxa IV with very long: nearly thrice as long as broad, narrow internal spur, with tapering apex, directed slightly posteromedially; spur on coxa IV nearly 3.5–4 times longer than spur on coxa I, spur on coxa I nearly twice longer than spur on coxae II and III. Trochanter I ( Fig. 12G View FIGURE 12 ) with long dorsal spur, with pointed apex; ventral spur on trochanters I–IV ( Fig. 12E View FIGURE 12 ) indistinct, as very short, broad projection.

Female [Based on 31 specimens; Figs. 1D View FIGURE 1 , 13 View FIGURE 13 , 14 View FIGURE 14 .] Idiosoma ( Fig. 13A, E View FIGURE 13 ) of slightly fed specimens broadly suboval, widest slightly posterior to mid-length. Scutum ( Figs. 1D View FIGURE 1 , 13A–D View FIGURE 13 ) length 1.11–1.36 (1.26 ± 0.07; n = 28), width 1.00–1.24 (1.12 ± 0.06; n = 28), ratio 1.05–1.19 (1.13 ± 0.04; n = 28); very broadly suboval, diverging in anterior 1/4 and then gradually converging to broadly rounded and slightly angular posterior margin; scutum uniformly brown; cervical grooves distinct, narrow and moderately deep, extending slightly posterior to scutal mid-length; punctations distinct, moderately dense, uniform in distribution, moderately large and moderately deep; setae ( Fig. 13A–D View FIGURE 13 ) numerous, short ( c. 0.01), distributed as figured. Setae of alloscutum ( Fig. 13A–D View FIGURE 13 ) numerous, evenly distributed, slightly longer than scutal setae (length of setae in center of alloscutum c.0.02). Genital aperture ( Fig. 13E, F, G View FIGURE 13 ) medial to border between coxae II and III, broadly U-shaped with broadly rounded posterior margin, lateral margins straight and convergent, genital sclerites indistinct, preatrial fold slightly concaved in center. Spiracular plates ( Fig. 14A View FIGURE 14 ) length 0.34–0.45 (0.40 ± 0.03; n = 28), width 0.36–0.47 (0.40 ± 0.03; n = 28), ratio 0.91–1.10 (0.99 ± 0.04; n = 28), angularly subcircular, with short and broad dorsal prolongation.

Gnathosoma ( Fig. 14B–D View FIGURE 14 ) length from palpal apices to cornual apices dorsally 0.59–0.71 (0.65 ± 0.03; n = 28), width of gnathosoma between lateral projection of palpal segments II dorsally 0.60–0.77 (0.71 ± 0.03; n = 28), ratio 0.85–0.99 (0.91 ± 0.03; n = 28). Dorsal basis capituli ( Fig. 14B View FIGURE 14 ) length 0.22–0.27 (0.24 ± 0.01; n = 28), width 0.47– 0.54 (0.51 ± 0.02; n = 28), ratio width to length 1.97–2.26 (2.10 ± 0.08; n = 28); subrectangular, with nearly parallel lateral margins; posterior margin slightly concaved; cornua short with broadly rounded apex, ratio total length of basis capituli, including cornua, to cornual length 5.33–19.33 (10.22 ± 3.08; n = 28); porose areas suboval, with clear circumscribed borders, moderately indented, greatest dimension slightly inclined posterolaterally, separated by distance nearly equal to or slightly less than their width. Ventral basis capituli ( Fig. 14C, D View FIGURE 14 ) subrectangular; auriculae lacking. Palpi ( Fig. 14B–E View FIGURE 14 ) short, length dorsally (segments II–III) 0.37–0.44 (0.41 ± 0.02; n = 28), width 0.31–0.36 (0.33 ± 0.02; n = 28), ratio 1.15–1.33 (1.23 ± 0.05; n = 28); broadly salient, ratio combined palpal width to basis capituli width 1.29–1.47 (1.40 ± 0.04; n = 28); segment I poorly distinct, narrow; dorsomedial margin of segment II gradually widening anteriorly for proximal 2/3 of segment length; posterolateral margin of segment II moderately steeply convergent posteromedially, slightly convex dorsally and ventrally; apices of lateral projections of palpal segment II directed slightly anterolaterally; posterodorsal and posteroventral spurs on segment II lacking; numerous, moderately broad and densely denticulated ventromedial setae on palpal segment II; segment III dorsally subtriangular with broadly rounded apex; moderately long ventral spur of segment III nearly twice as long as broad, with narrowly rounded apex, directed posteromedially. Hypostome ( Fig. 14C View FIGURE 14 ) short, broadly rounded at apex; dental formula 5/5 throughout hypostomal length (rarely partially 4/4, 4/5, 5/6 or 6/6), with approximately 10 denticles in file.

Legs moderately long, slender. Coxae ( Fig. 14F View FIGURE 14 ): coxa I with moderately long and narrow internal spur with broadly rounded apex, directed posteriorly or slightly posterolaterally; coxae II and III each with moderately long and moderately broad, subequal spur with broadly rounded apex, directed slightly posterolaterally; coxa IV with moderately long, broad spur, with broadly rounded apex, directed slightly posterolaterally, subequal to spur on coxa I and slightly longer than spur on coxae II and III. Trochanter I ( Fig. 14G View FIGURE 14 ) with long dorsal spur, with pointed apex; ventral spur on trochanters I–IV ( Fig. 14F View FIGURE 14 ) indistinct, as very short, broad projection.

Nymph [Based on 50 specimens; Figs. 15 View FIGURE 15 , 16 View FIGURE 16 .] Idiosoma ( Fig. 15A, C View FIGURE 15 ) of slightly fed specimen broadly suboval, widest posterior to mid-length. Scutum ( Fig. 15A, B View FIGURE 15 ) length 0.48–0.61 (0.54 ± 0.02; n = 44), width 0.52–0.62 (0.56 ± 0.02; n = 44), ratio 0.90–1.03 (0.97 ± 0.03; n = 44); lateral margins diverging for anterior third of scutal length, then converging to broadly rounded and slightly angular posterior margin; posterolateral margins convex; cervical grooves moderately deep and narrow for anterior third of scutal length and then indistinct; very sparse small punctations; setae ( Fig. 15A, B View FIGURE 15 ) sparse, very short; length of middle central c.0.006, shorter than those on alloscutum, distributed as figured. Alloscutum ( Fig. 15A View FIGURE 15 ) as illustrated; setae ( Fig. 15A View FIGURE 15 ) sparse, very short, length of setae in center of alloscutum c.0.01 and length of setae in anterolateral area of alloscutum c.0.015. Anal groove ( Fig. 15C View FIGURE 15 ) semioval with open anterior margin; ventral setae ( Fig. 15C View FIGURE 15 ) moderately sparse, distributed as figured. Spiracular plates ( Fig. 16A View FIGURE 16 ) length 0.12–0.17 (0.14 ± 0.01; n = 42), width 0.15–0.21 (0.18 ± 0.01; n = 42), ratio 0.68–0.85 (0.77 ± 0.03; n = 42), moderately broadly suboval.

Gnathosoma ( Fig. 16B–D View FIGURE 16 ) length from palpal apices to posterior margin of basis capituli dorsally 0.26–0.31 (0.27 ± 0.01; n = 44), width at lateral projection of palpal segments II 0.28–0.33 (0.30 ± 0.01; n = 44), ratio 0.79– 1.03 (0.91 ± 0.04; n = 44). Dorsal basis capituli ( Fig. 16B View FIGURE 16 ) subhexagonal, lateral projections tapering to narrowly rounded to sharply pointed apex; apex of lateral projections slightly posterior to basis capituli mid-length; posterior margin slightly convex. Ventral basis capituli ( Fig. 16C, D View FIGURE 16 ) rectangular; auriculae as short and broad posterolateral projections. Palpi ( Fig. 16B–E View FIGURE 16 ) short, length dorsally (segments II and III) 0.16–0.19 (0.17 ± 0.01; n = 44), width 0.12–0.16 (0.13 ± 0.01; n = 44), ratio 1.16–1.43 (1.26 ± 0.06; n = 44); moderately salient, ratio combined palpal width to basis capituli width 0.97–1.22 (1.07 ± 0.05; n = 44); segment I narrow, indistinct; posterodorsal and posteroventral spurs on segment II lacking; posterolateral margin of segment II moderately steeply convergent posteromedially; 4 or 5 broad and densely denticulated ventromedian setae on palpal segment II; segment III dorsally subtriangular with narrowly rounded apex; moderately long ventral spur of segment III slightly longer than broad, triangular, with narrowly rounded apex; segments II and III separated by poorly distinct suture between them. Hypostome ( Fig. 16C View FIGURE 16 ) length 0.14 (n = 1), width 0.07 (n = 1), ratio 2.15 (n = 1); broadly rounded at apex; dental formula 2/2 throughout hypostomal length with approximately 7 or 8 larger denticles in files.

Coxae ( Fig. 16F View FIGURE 16 ): coxa I with moderately long, narrow, narrowly to broadly rounded at apex internal spur; coxae II–IV with subequal, moderately long, moderately broad, narrowly to broadly rounded at apex internal spur; external spur on coxae I–IV lacking. Trochanter I ( Fig. 16G View FIGURE 16 ) with long dorsal spur, with pointed apex; trochanters I–IV ( Fig. 16F View FIGURE 16 ) without ventral spur.

Larva [Based on 178 specimens; Figs. 17 View FIGURE 17 , 18 View FIGURE 18 .] Idiosoma ( Fig. 17 A, C View FIGURE 17 ) length 480–520 (508 ± 11; n = 12), width 430–480 (457 ± 15; n = 12), ratio 1.06–1.17 (1.11 ± 0.03; n = 12); broadly suboval, widest slightly posterior to mid-length. Scutum ( Fig. 17A, B View FIGURE 17 ) length from scapular apices to posterior margin 230–250 (241 ± 6; n = 22), maximal width 300–345 (328 ± 13; n = 21), ratio 0.71–0.77 (0.73 ± 0.02; n = 21); pentagonal, posterior margin broadly rounded, posterolateral marginal depressions indistinct; cervical grooves moderately deep in anterior half of scutal length and then as faint, shallow depressions. Setae 3 pairs, Sc 2 9–14 (12 ± 1; n = 11), Sc 3 6–10 (8 ± 1; n = 11). Dorsal setae of alloscutum 10 pairs; 2 pairs of central dorsals, Cd 1 9–13 (11 ± 1; n = 12), Cd 2 12–16 (14 ± 1; n = 13); 8 pairs of marginal dorsals, Md 1 12–16 (14 ± 1; n = 11), Md 8 14–21 (17 ± 2; n = 13). Ventral setae 13 pairs plus 1 pair on anal valves; 3 pairs of sternals, St 1 14–21 (18 ± 2; n = 12); 2 pairs of preanals, Pa 1 13–17 (15 ± 1; n = 10), Pa 2 13–18 (16 ± 1; n = 11); 4 pairs of premarginals, Pm 1 13–17 (15 ± 1; n = 7); 4 pairs of marginal ventrals, Mv 1 17–23 (20 ± 2; n = 12), Mv 4 17–24 (20 ± 2; n = 14).

Gnathosoma ( Fig. 18A–C View FIGURE 18 ) length from palpal apices to posterior margin of basis capituli dorsally 114–153 (137 ± 9; n = 23), width of gnathosoma between lateral projection of palpal segments II dorsally 160–193 (182 ± 8; n = 23), ratio 0.66–0.83 (0.75 ± 0.04; n = 23). Basis capituli width dorsally 143–166 (154 ± 7; n = 23), dorsally subhexagonal; apex of lateral projections nearly at mid-length of basis capituli; posterior margin slightly concave to nearly straight; ventrally rectangular; short, broadly rounded auriculae ventrally; 1 pair of posthypostomal setae. Palpi ( Fig. 18A–C View FIGURE 18 ) short, length 93–113 (105 ± 5; n = 23), width 50–60 (56 ± 2; n = 23), ratio 1.78–2.09 (1.88 ± 0.07; n = 23); slightly salient, ratio combined palpal width to basis capituli width dorsally 1.04–1.31 (1.18 ± 0.06; n = 23); segment I indistinct; suture between palpal segments II and III indistinct; posterodorsal and posteroventral spurs on palpal segment II lacking; lateral projection of palpal segment II short directed slightly anterolaterally; palpal segment III narrowly rounded at anterior apex; posteroventral spur of palpal segment III moderately long, usually slightly longer than broad, triangular, with narrowly rounded apex; segment I without setae, segments II and III combined with 9 dorsal and 3 ventral setae. Hypostome ( Fig. 18B View FIGURE 18 ) length from apex to level of posthypostomal setae 70–84 (77 ± 4; n = 22), width 35–40 (38 ± 1; n = 23), ratio 1.87–2.13 (2.00 ± 0.07; n = 22); blunt at apex; dental formula 2/2; denticles in files of 6 or 7; denticulated portion distinctly longer than half of hypostomal length.

Coxae ( Fig. 17D View FIGURE 17 ): spur of coxa I moderate, broadly rounded; spur of coxa II very broadly rounded; spur on coxa III short, poorly distinct, ridge-like. Genu I length 108–128 (120 ± 5; n = 23). Tarsus I length 168–195 (185 ± 6; n = 22); tarsus III length 143–160 (152 ± 5; n = 23).

Remarks

It is hard or impossible to judge if true H. chordeilis or H. vasilisae sp. nov. or a mix of both species was used in the majority of works where H. chordeilis is redescribed. Based on provided illustrations, descriptions and geographic localities the true H. chordeilis was, definitely, and at least partially, used in the redescriptions of Banks (1908), Hooker et al. (1912), Nuttall & Warburton (1915), Cooley (1946), Gregson (1956), Furman & Loomis (1984). It is impossible to judge what exact species was used in works of Sonenshine (1979), Keirans & Litwak (1989), Lindquist et al. (2016), Egizi et al. (2019) and Apanaskevich (2024).

By having a moderately long ventral spur on palpal segment III and 4/4–6/6 hypostomal dentition in both the male and female, and hexagonal basis capituli dorsally in the nymph and larva, H. chordeilis most closely resembles only those of H. vasilisae sp. nov. in the Americas. The diagnostic characters allowing confident discrimination of these two species on male, female, nymph and larva are presented under the Remarks section for H. vasilisae sp. nov.

Collection data for H. chordeilis are listed in the materials above. This species was collected in Canada ( Alberta, Manitoba and Ontario Provinces) and the USA ( California, Idaho, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York, Utah, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin and Wyoming States) ( Fig. 10 View FIGURE 10 ). The vast majority of studied adults, nymphs and larvae were found on galliform birds. Most of studied males and females were collected on the ruffed grouse, B. umbellus , greater sage-grouse, C. urophasianus , dusky grouse, D. obscurus , spruce grouse, F. canadensis , wild turkey, M. gallopavo , greater prairie-chicken, T. cupido , sharp-tailed grouse, T. phasianellus , prairie-chicken, Tympanuchus sp. and unspecified grouse. Singular adults came from the white-crowned sparrow, Z. leucophrys , common nighthawk, C. minor , unspecified rabbit, domestic horse and domestic cattle. Both nymphs and larvae were collected on the greater sage-grouse, C. urophasianus and unspecified pocket gopher; nymphs were also taken from the spruce grouse, F. canadensis , wild turkey, M. gallopavo and white-crowned sparrow, Z. leucophrys , whereas larvae were collected on dusky grouse, D. obscurus and unspecified grouse.A male was collected crawling on human. Males and females were collected during January and April–September; nymphs were found during June–September, whereas larvae were collected during August and September.

The further discussion of distribution and host is based on data presented by Egizi & Maestas (2022) who provided an extensive literature analysis on geographic distribution and host-parasite associations of H. chordeilis . Removing records from Florida, Georgia, South Carolina and Texas that apparently should refer to H. vasilisae sp. nov., we can add presence of apparently true H. chordeilis in British Columbia, New Brunswick and Saskatchewan Provinces of Canada and Maine, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and South Dakota of the United States. We also can add the following host of apparently true H. chordeilis : adults were recorded from the American goshawk, Accipiter atricapillus (Wilson) , red-tailed hawk, Buteo jamaicensis (Gmelin) ( Accipitriformes : Accipitridae ), wood duck, Aix sponsa (Linnaeus) ( Anseriformes : Anatidae ), common raven, Corvus corax Linnaeus ( Passeriformes : Corvidae ) and yellow-bellied marmot, Marmota flaviventris (Audubon & Bachman) ( Rodentia : Sciuridae ); an adult and larvae were found on the red squirrel, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus (Erxleben) ( Rodentia : Sciuridae ); nymphs were collected on the chipping sparrow, Spizella passerina (Bechstein) and golden-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia atricapilla (Gmelin) ( Passeriformes : Passerellidae ); a larva was recorded from the yellowheaded blackbird, Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus (Bonaparte) ( Passeriformes : Icteridae ); and unspecified stages on unspecified hawk ( Accipitriformes : Accipitridae ) and unspecified hen ( Galliformes : Phasianidae ).

We exclude records of a female of H. chordeilis from the Lincoln’s sparrow, Melospiza lincolnii (Audubon) ( Passeriformes : Passerellidae ) in Arizona ( USA), a larva from the Carolina wren, Thryothorus ludovicianus (Latham) ( Passeriformes : Troglodytidae ) in Missouri ( USA), unspecified stages from the Wilson’s plover, Charadrius wilsonia Ord ( Charadriiformes : Charadriidae ) in the US Virgin Islands and unspecified stages from the domestic chicken, Gallus gallus (Linnaeus) ( Galliformes : Phasianidae ) in Sinaloa ( Mexico) because those records lay away from the main distribution of H. chordeilis and might represent those of H. vasilisae sp. nov. For the same reason we also exclude record of larvae from the Carolina wren, Thryothorus ludovicianus (Latham) ( Passeriformes : Troglodytidae ) in Mid-Atlantic USA ( District of Columbia, Maryland and Virginia). Records from A. maritima , A. phoeniceus , A. savannarum , C. virginianus , P. erythrophthalmus , S. magna and T. rufum in Florida, P. sandwichensis in South Carolina and C. virginianus , S. magna and Sturnella sp. in Texas should be referred to H. vasilisae sp. nov. The host list for H. chordeilis presented in Bishopp & Trembley (1945), that includes an adult from domestic sheep and a larva from T. ludovicianus among the others, should be rejected since they did not specify the geographic origin of their records and almost definitely many of the hosts listed by them can be those of H. vasilisae sp. nov.