Macroscytus FIEBER, 1860

Genus Macroscytus FIEBER, 1860

Macroscytus FIEBER, 1860: 83 . Type species by subsequent monotypy ( FIEBER 1861: 362): Cydnus brunneus FABRICIUS, 1803 .

Hahnia ELLENRIEDER, 1862: 139 , name preoccupied by Hahnia KOCH, 1841 (in Aranea ) (syn. by LIS 1994a: 209). Type species by monotypy: Hahnia gibbula ELLENRIEDER, 1862 .

Philapodemus KIRKALDY, 1910: 8 , new name for Hahnia ELLENRIEDER,1862 (syn. by LIS 1994a: 209). Type species by automatic fixation: Hahnia gibbula ELLENRIEDER, 1862 .

DIAGNOSIS

The genus is easily separable from all other genera of Cydnidae in having strongly swollen pronotal umbones concealing posterolateral margins of pronotum (Figs 3­4), apex of peritreme with more or less blunt triangular lobe posteriorly (Fig. 6), and head submargins bearing only hair­like setae (Figs 1­2), entirely without pegs or peg­like setae.

DESCRIPTION

B o d y. More or less ovate, from 4.7 to 12.7 mm in length, and 2.7 to 6.7 mm in width; general appearance as in Figs 99, 143 and 279.

H e a d. Broadly rounded, margins carinate; dorsal surface more or less punctate; clypeus free, usually parallel­sided, sometimes slightly tapering apicad, with or without a pair of subapical hair­like setae; each paraclypeus with two ( M. lobatus ) or three (all other species) primary hair­like setae (Fig. 1), submarginally without or with 1­10 secondary hair­like setae (Fig. 2); eyes large, more or less protruding, almost triangular (Fig. 1), or narrowed (Fig. 2), each bearing a single very short apical seta, about third or fourth eye length (Figs 1­2); ocelli clearly visible; bucculae large, entirely coarsely punctate or impunctate in anterior part; rostrum 4­segmented; antennae 5­segmented.

P r o t h o r a x. Pronotum broader than long, more or less narrowed apically; anterior margin angularly insinuated, disc usually punctate anteriorly, laterally, and behind its middle, transverse discal impression behind calli from absent to distinctly developed; lateral margins with submarginal setigerous punctures (absent only in M. lobatus ), pronotal disc with three primary setigerous punctures bearing long hair­like setae (absent only in M. lobatus ); umbones strongly swollen and protruding caudolaterally, concealing posterolateral margins (Figs 3­4); pronotal disc usually more or less unicolorous, in some species sharply bicoloured with umbones and/or posterior margin yellow or yellowish brown. Prosternal median carina low, basally stout, coarsely punctate; subcarinal smooth areas large and clearly visible; median part of posterior margin of prosternum straight or almost straight, sometimes bearing small triangular process; propleural depression deep and coarsely punctate; anterior and posterior convexities of propleuron distinctly developed.

M e s o t h o r a x. Scutellum triangular, longer than broad, sharpened apically; basal and lateral rows of punctures clearly developed, punctures in rows usually connected by incised lines; disc more or less punctate. Posterior wedge­shaped polished band on mesopleural evaporatorium well developed, impunctate or punctate; mesopleural evaporatorium large, occupying almost entire mesopleural surface, bearing more or less clearly visible longitudinal ridges (Fig. 5).

M e t a t h o r a x. Corium divided into clavus, meso­ and exocorium; clavus usually with one complete and one or two incomplete rows of punctures; mesocorium entirely separated from exocorium, with two rows of punctures parallelling clavo­corial suture; costa from entirely separated to entirely fused with exocorium, either with or without setigerous punctures; membrane normally developed, large; membranal suture more or less bisinuate. Metapleural evaporative areas large, bearing more or less clearly visible longitudinal ridges (Fig. 5); apex of peritreme rounded, its anterior margin clearly differentiated from evaporatorium surface or prolonged to fuse with it, its posterior margin with more or less blunt triangular lobe (Fig. 6); scent gland opening large, clearly visible, placed posteriorly on peritreme; posterior area of metapleuron with broader or narrower band of coarse punctures.

L e g s. More or less unicolorous, in some species femora bicoloured, yellow or yellowish brown with median dark stripe; fore tibiae expanded apically, margins armed with spines; male hind femora usually with one subapical tooth on dorsal margin, and several more less distinct teeth or spines on ventral margin; female hind femora with or without small subapical tooth on dorsal margin, and several setae on ventral margin; hind tibiae slender, basally more or less reflected and usually with tubercles or carinae in males.

A b d o m e n. Sterna from almost impunctate to distinctly punctate and wrinkled, usually with at least patch of tiny punctures close to spiracles; terga impunctate or punctate, always pilose. Male and female genitalia of the common geotomine type.

DISTRIBUTION

The members of the genus are distributed only in the Old World warm climate; they reach 46°S and 46°N latitudes (Fig. 7).

KEY TO THE SPECIES

1. Each paraclypeus with 2 primary hair­like setae only, submarginal hair­like setae absent (Fig. 183); lateral margins of pronotum without submarginal setigerous punctures bearing long hair­like setae, primary setigerous punctures on pronotal disc absent (Fig. 182). Endemic to Réunion ...................... lobatus

­. Each paraclypeus with 3 primary hair­like setae, among them one preocular submarginal hair­like seta (Fig. 1); lateral margins of pronotum with submarginal setigerous punctures bearing long hair­like setae, primary setigerous punctures on pronotal disc present ............................................................... 2.

2. Clypeus subapically with a pair of setigerous punctures bearing long hair­like setae (Figs 53, 60, 273). Australian species ................................................. 3.

­. Clypeus subapically without a pair of setigerous punctures bearing long hair­like setae (Figs 1, 2) .................................................................................. 5.

3. Setigerous punctures on body margins more numerous (paraclypeus 8­9, pronotum 16­21, costa 8­11); paramere as in Fig. 276, 2 nd conjunctival appendage as in Fig. 278 ......................................................................... pseudaustralis

­. Setigerous punctures on body margins less numerous (paraclypeus 4­7, pronotum 8­15, costa 3­8); paramere and 2 nd conjunctival appendage not as above .................................................................................................................... 4.

4. Body narrower, length/width ratio 1.68­1.75; tibiae castaneous or dark castaneous, of the same colour as femora; male hind tibia with a row of small, almost equal­sized tubercles (Fig. 54); eyes small, ocular index 3.18­4.30; costa with 3­5 setigerous punctures; paramere as in Fig. 55, 2 nd conjunctival appendage as in Fig. 57 .......................................................................... australis

­. Body broader, length/width ratio 1.56­1.62; tibiae whitish yellow or yellowish brown, distinctly lighter than femora; male hind tibia with a subbasal large denticle followed by a row of smaller tubercles (Fig. 61); eyes large, ocular index 2.48­3.03; costa with 5­8 setigerous punctures; paramere as in Fig. 62, 2 nd conjunctival appendage as in Fig. 64 .......................................... australoides

5. Each paraclypeus with a row of 2­12 submarginal setigerous punctures bearing long hair­like setae ..................................................................................... 6.

­. Each paraclypeus with a single (preocular) submarginal setigerous puncture bearing long hair­like seta ........................................................................ 28.

6. Pronotum sharply bicoloured, disc from blackish brown to black with umbones and usually also posterior margin clearly yellowish brown; femora yellowish brown with broad dark median stripe ........................................................... 7.

­. Pronotum more or less uniformly black or blackish brown, never with sharply yellowish brown umbones and posterior margin; femora uniformely dark .................................................................................................................... 9.

7. Costa without setigerous punctures bearing hair­like setae; ocular index about 2.51­2.55; paramere and penis as in Figs 180­181. Papua New Guinea ............... ....................................................................................................... lansburyi

­. Costa with a single setigerous puncture bearing hair­like seta; ocular index about 2.65­2.80; paramere and penis not as above ....................................... 8.

8. Paraclypeus with 2 submarginal setigerous punctures bearing long hair­like setae (Fig. 46); lateral margin of pronotum with 4­5 submarginal setigerous punctures bearing long hair­like setae; body length not exceeding 9.0 mm (7.57­8.12); paramere and penis as in Figs 49­51. Papua New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago ................................................................... astrolabicus

­. Paraclypeus with 3 submarginal setigerous punctures bearing long hair­like setae (Fig. 322); lateral margin of pronotum with 5­7 submarginal setigerous punctures bearing long hair­like setae; body length considerably exceeding 9.0 mm (about 10.3); paramere and penis as in Figs 325­327. Papua New Guinea ....................................................................................................... unisetosus

9. Costa without setigerous punctures bearing hair­like setae; eyes small, ocular index about 3.70­4.35; paramere and penis as in Figs 193­195. Papua New Guinea ................................................................................................. loksai

­. Costa with 1­13 setigerous punctures bearing hair­like setae; eyes large, ocular index about 2.10­3.35; paramere and penis not as above .......................... 10.

10. Setigerous punctures (bearing long hair­like setae) on body margins less numerous (costa 1­4, pronotum 5­10, paraclypeus 2­6) ............................ 11.

­. Setigerous punctures (bearing long hair­like setae) on body margins more numerous (costa 4­13, pronotum 7­16, paraclypeus 4­10) .......................... 23.

11. Costa separated from exocorium only in its basal third or half .................. 12.

­. Costa separated from exocorium along its entire length ............................. 17.

12. Abdominal sterna distinctly punctate in lateral two thirds ...................... 13.

­. Abdominal sterna punctate densely only in lateral one third, close to trichobothria and spiracles .............................................................................................. 14.

13. Pronotal transverse impression behind calli deep and well developed, dividing pronotal disc into two lobes; anterior half of gular plate densely coarsely punctate. Comoros ........................................................................... insularis

­. Pronotal transverse impression behind calli absent or very shallow, not dividing pronotal disc into lobes; anterior half of gular plate impunctate. Comoros ....................................................................................................... comorensis

14. Costa separated from exocorium only in its basal third; tibiae yellow or yellowish brown, clearly lighter than tibial spines and femora; paramere and penis as in Figs 269­271. Madagascan species ................................ privignus

­. Costa separated from exocorium in its basal half; tibiae from castaneous to dark castaneous, of the same colour as tibial spines and femora; paramere and penis different .................................................................................................... 15.

15. Body smaller, 7.47­7.53 mm in length; terga distinctly punctate. Comoros, Seychelles ............................................................................................. fryeri

­. Body larger, 7.80­11.90 mm in length; terga impunctate ........................... 16.

16. Puncturation of scutellar disc sparse, punctures larger and coarser than those on corium; smaller species, body length 7.80­9.37 mm; paramere and penis as in Figs 214­216. Comoros ................................................................ mayottensis

­. Puncturation of scutellar disc dense, punctures as large as those on corium; larger species, body length 9.25­11.90 mm; paramere and penis as in Figs 280 and 282. Afrotropical continental species .......................................... reflexus

17. Abdominal sterna distinctly punctate in lateral two thirds; pronotal transverse impression behind calli deep, dividing pronotal disc into two lobes; paramere and penis as in Figs 339­341. Oriental species ............................. vietnamicus

­. Abdominal sterna punctate only close to trichobothria and spiracles; pronotal transverse impression behind calli absent or very shallow; paramere and penis different .................................................................................................... 18.

18. Costa with a single setigerous puncture bearing hair­like seta .................. 19.

­. Costa with 2­4 setigerous punctures bearing hair­like setae ...................... 20.

19. Smaller species, body length not exceeding 7.0 mm (6.63­6.88); eys and ocelli smaller, ocular index 2.40­2.65, ocellar index 6.5­7.7; paramere and penis as in Figs 207­209. Endemic to New Caledonia ....................................... matilei

­. Larger species, body length exceeding 7.0 mm (7.23­8.17); eyes and ocelli larger, ocular index 2.23­2.40, ocellar index 4.3­5.4; paramere and penis as in Figs 42­44. Australian species ............................................ arnhemicus [part]

20. Body broadly ovate, its dorsal surface almost impunctate; exocorium separated from mesocorium only in its basal two thirds; ocelli very small, ocellar index 8.8­11.4; paramere and penis as in Figs 161­163. Endemic to Lord Howe Island .............................................................................................................. howei

­. Body elongate, its dorsal surface distinctly punctate; exocorium entirely separated from mesocorium; ocelli large, ocellar index 4.0­7.0; paramere and penis not as above ................................................................................................................. 21.

21. Puncturation of scutellar disc very dense, punctures smaller than those on corium; smaller species, body 5.44­7.33 mm in length; paramere and penis as in Figs 346­348. Madagascar, Comoros ................................................. viettei

­. Puncturation of scutellar disc sparse or moderately dense, punctures larger and coarser than those on corium; larger species, body 7.23­9.15 mm in length; paramere and penis not as above .............................................................. 22.

22. 3 rd antennal segment almost as long as the 2 nd; subapical teeth of male femora very small, almost indistinct (Fig. 40); subapical teeth of female femora absent; costa with 2 setigerous punctures bearing hair­like setae; paramere and penis as in Figs 42­44. Australian species .................................. arnhemicus [part]

­. 3 rd antennal segment 1.2­1.5 times longer than the 2 nd; subapical teeth on male femora clearly visible (Fig. 173); subapical teeth of female femora small; costa with 2­4 setigerous punctures bearing hair­like setae; paramere and penis as in Figs 175­177. Oriental species ........................................................... javanus

23. Abdominal sterna distinctly punctate in lateral two thirds ......................... 24.

­. Abdominal sterna punctate only close to trichobothria and spiracles ........ 26.

24. Head dorsally clearly punctate; male mid femora with a row of stout setae only, sharp teeth absent; submarginal setigerous punctures with long hair­like setae only along basal two thirds of each paraclypeal margin; body larger, 8.40­10.70 mm in length; paramere and penis as in Figs 232­233. Oriental species ..................................................................................................... nigroaeneus

­. Head dorsally impunctate, or with tiny almost invisible punctures; male mid femora with a row of large sharp teeth; submarginal setigerous punctures with long hair­like setae along entire lateral margins of paraclypei; body smaller, 6.10­8.75 mm in length; paramere and penis not as above ........................ 25.

25. 2 nd antennal segment about 1.3 times longer than the 3 rd; costa with 6 setigerous punctures; hypophysis of paramere shorter (Fig. 146), apical lobe of the 2 nd conjunctival appendage of penis shorter and almost straight (Fig. 149). Afrotropical species ................................................................................. heissi

­. 2 nd antennal segment about 0.9­1.1 times longer than the 3 rd; costa with 7­13 setigerous punctures; hypophysis of paramere longer (Fig. 255), apical lobe of the 2 nd conjunctival appendage of penis longer and more curved (Fig. 257). Australian species ................................................................................. piceus

26. Smaller species, 4.75­5.70 mm in length; male hind femora without subapical tooth (Fig. 219); 2 nd antennal segment 0.84­0.95 times as long as the 3 rd; costa with 7­9 setigerous punctures bearing long hair­like setae; paramere and penis as in Figs 221­223. Australian species .............................................. minimus

­. Larger species, 5.70­9.13 mm in length; male hind femora with large subapical tooth (Figs 68 and 96); 2 nd antennal segment 1.1­1.3 times longer than the 3 rd; costa with 8­13 setigerous punctures bearing long hair­like setae; paramere and penis not as above .................................................................................... 27.

27. Body smaller, 5.70­7.83 mm in length; anterior half of gular plate impunctate; 2 nd conjunctival appendage of penis as in Fig. 71. Oriental species ................ ............................................................................................................ badius ­. Body larger, 5.90­9.13 mm in length; anterior half of gular plate sparsely punctate; 2 nd conjunctival appendage of male penis as in Fig. 97. Palaearctic­ Afrotropical species ........................................................................ brunneus

28. Pronotum sharply bicoloured, at least umbones clearly yellow or yellowish brown, usually also posterior margin more or less broadly yellow or yellowish brown ....................................................................................................... 29.

­. Pronotum more or less unicolorous, umbones and posterior margin never bright yellow or yellowish brown, only sometimes slightly paler than remaining part of a disc ....................................................................................... 36.

29. Pronotal umbones clearly yellow or yellowish brown, posterior margin of pronotum of the same colour as remaining part of disc; head with clearly visible, dense and coarse puncturation on paraclypei ............................... 30.

­. Pronotum with umbones and posterior margin clearly yellow or yellowish brown; head impunctate or almost impunctate, sometimes with very small and almost invisible punctures on paraclypei .................................................. 31.

30. Anterior half of gular plate densely punctate; paramere and penis as in Figs 76 and 78­79. Oriental species ........................................................ bipunctatus

­. Anterior half of gular plate sparsely punctate; paramere and penis as in Figs 299­301. Madagascan species .......................................................... simulans

31. Costa with 2­3 setigerous punctures bearing hair­like setae ..................... 32.

­. Costa without or with a single setigerous puncture bearing hair­like seta ..... 33.

32. Subbasal tooth on male hind femora very large and clearly visible (Fig. 82); subapical denticle on dorsal margin of female femur clearly visible, blunt; male tibiae strongly bent outwards in their basal third (Fig. 82); distance between ocelli 6.7­9.0 times distance of ocellus from eye; anterior half of gular plate sparsely punctate; paramere and penis as in Figs 83 and 85­86. Australian species ............................................................................................. bisetosus

­. Subbasal tooth on male hind femora small (Fig. 316); subapical denticle on dorsal margin of female femur small, sharp; male tibiae almost straight in the basal third (Fig. 316); distance between ocelli 4.2­6.2 times distance of ocellus from eye; anterior half of gular plate densely punctate; paramere and penis as in Figs 318­320. Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines .................... .................................................................................................... transversus

33. Costa separated from exocorium only basally; femur entirely black or blackish brown; ocular index 3.15­3.52; transverse yellow or yellowish brown band on posterior margin of pronotum broad (Fig. 99); lateral parts of pronotal disc somewhat flattened. Endemic to Sulawesi ...................................... celebensis

­. Costa entirely separated from exocorium; femur yellow or yellowish brown, sometimes with broad darker median stripe; ocular index 2.08­2.60; transverse yellow or yellowish brown band on posterior margin of pronotum narrow; lateral parts of pronotal disc normally developed ........................................ 34.

34. Femora entirely yellow or yellowish brown, sometimes only basal parts somewhat darkened; paramere and penis as in Figs 32­34. Australian species .................................................................................................. annulipoides ­. Femora with broad dark median stripe, basal and apical parts yellow or yellowish brown; paramere and penis different. Papuan species ................ 35.

35. Eyes larger, ocular index 2.08­2.36; male hind tibia without denticles on inner margin (Fig. 24); paramere as in Fig. 26, 2 nd conjunctival appendage as in Fig. 27 ............................................................................................ annulipes

­. Eyes smaller, ocular index 2.30­2.60; male hind tibia with small denticles on inner margin (Fig. 152); paramere as in Fig. 154, 2 nd conjunctival appendage as in Fig. 156 .................................................................................. honiarensis

36. Abdominal sterna clearly punctate in lateral two thirds, or punctate and densely wrinkled .................................................................................................... 37.

­. Abdominal sterna punctate only close to spiracles and trichobothria, sometimes also slightly wrinkled ..................................................................... 41.

37. Costa separated from exocorium only basally, its margin without setigerous punctures; paramere and penis as in Figs 200­202. Madagascan species ............... ............................................................................................. madagascariensis

­. Costa separated from exocorium entirely or in basal two thirds, its margin with 2 setigerous punctures bearing hair­like setae; paramere and penis different. Not a Madagascan species ........................................................................ 38.

38. Costa separated from exocorium in basal two thirds; paraclypei densely punctate; paramere and penis as in Figs 292­294, theca with ventral median carina. Afrotropical continental species ........................................ ruficornis

­. Costa entirely or almost entirely separated from exocorium; paraclypei impunctate or weakly punctate; paramere and penis different, theca without ventral median carina. Oriental species ...................................................... 39.

39. Lateral two thirds of abdominal sterna densely wrinkled and finely punctate; lateral margin of pronotum with 4 submarginal setigerous punctures bearing long hair­like setae; paramere and penis as in Figs 311­313 ....... tenasserimus

­. Lateral two thirds of abdominal sterna clearly punctate and only sometimes wrinkled; lateral margin of pronotum with 5­6 submarginal setigerous punctures bearing long hair­like setae; paramere and penis different ................. 40.

40. Anterior half of gular plate densely punctate; 2 nd antennal segment 0.77­1.00 times as long as the 3 rd; eyes and ocelli smaller, ocular index 2.20­3.10, ocellar index 4.5­6.1, distance between ocelli 4.8­7.0 times distance of ocellus from eye; paramere and penis as in Figs 19­21 ............................................ aequalis

­. Anterior half of gular plate sparsely punctate; 2 nd antennal segment 0.65­0.77 times as long as the 3 rd; eyes and ocelli larger, ocular index 1.82­2.40, ocellar index 3.5­5.0, distance between ocelli 7.4­11.0 times distance of ocellus from eye; paramere and penis as in Figs 118­120 ................................ dominiqueae

41. Costa without setigerous punctures bearing hair­like setae. New Guinean species ....................................................................................................... 42.

­. Costa with 1­4 setigerous punctures bearing hair­like setae. Not a New Guinean species ...................................................................................................... 43.

42. Eyes smaller, ocular index 2.75­3.80; pronotum subquadrate in outline (Fig. 237); punctures on exocorium small (Fig. 239); apical part of penis as in Fig. 243 .................................................................................................. papuanus

­. Eyes larger, ocular index 2.19­2.50; pronotum trapezoid in outline (Fig. 8); punctures on exocorium large; apical part of penis as in Fig. 14 ......... abditus

43. Pronotal transverse impression behind calli absent, or very shallow and usually marked only laterally ................................................................................. 44.

­. Pronotal transverse impression behind calli deep and entirely developed, dividing pronotal disc into two distinct lobes .............................................. 51.

44. Costa with a single setigerous puncture bearing hair­like seta ..................... 45.

­. Costa with 2­4 setigerous punctures bearing hair­like setae ........................ 47.

45. Smaller species, 6.63­7.57 mm in length; 2 nd antennal segment 0.72­0.85 times as long as the 3 rd; paramere and 2 nd conjunctival appendage as in Figs 228­230. Australian species ............................................................................ monteithi

­. Larger species, 7.78­8.88 mm in length; 2 nd antennal segment 0.95­0.98 times as long as the 3 rd; paramere and 2 nd conjunctival appendage different ........ 46.

46. Scutellum densely punctate; body length 8.30­8.88 mm; eyes larger, ocular index 2.00­2.15; paramere and 2 nd conjunctival appendage as in Figs 140­142. Australian species ........................................................................... glaberrimus

­. Scutellum weakly punctate; body length 7.78­8.01 mm; eyes smaller, ocular index 2.20­2.21; paramere and 2 nd conjunctival appendage as in Figs 36­37. New Ireland ............................................................................................ aquilus

47. Male hind femora with large subbasal tooth (Fig. 286); lateral margin of pronotum with 3­6 submarginal setigerous punctures bearing long hair­like setae; paramere and 2 nd conjunctival appendage as in Figs 284­285. Oriental species ............................................................................................. subaeneus

­. Male hind femora without subbasal tooth; lateral margin of pronotum with 5­ 8 submarginal setigerous punctures bearing long hair­like setae; paramere and 2 nd conjunctival appendage not as above ................................................... 48.

48. Larger species, 7.10­10.50 mm in length; costa always with 2 setigerous punctures bearing hair­like setae; 2 nd conjunctival appendage as in Figs 124. East Palaearctic species ..................................................................................... 49.

­. Smaller species, 6.81­9.12 mm in length; costa with 3­4 (sometimes 2) setigerous punctures bearing hair­like setae; 2 nd conjunctival appendage not as above. Oriental species .......................................................................................... 50.

49. Opening of male genital capsule as in Fig. 122; female body smaller and ovate in outline, 7.10­9.22 mm in length, 4.15­5.20 mm in width; eyes smaller, ocular index 2.70­3.20 ................................................................................ fraterculus

­. Opening of male genital capsule as in Fig. 127; female body larger and elongate in outline, 8.10­10.50 mm in length, 4.65­6.00 mm in width; eyes larger, ocular index 1.98­3.00 ............................................................................... japonensis

50. 2 nd antennal segment 0.75­0.82 times as long as the 3 rd; distance between ocelli 8.0­12.0 times distance of ocellus from eye; paramere and 2 nd conjunctival appendage as in Figs 262­264. Oriental continental species ................. popovi ­. 2 nd antennal segment 0.81­0.87 times as long as the 3 rd; distance between ocelli 5.5­8.3 times distance of ocellus from eye; paramere and 2 nd conjunctival appendage as in Figs 332­334. Indonesian species ........................... utaranus

51. Body larger, exceeding 12.5 mm in length; paramere as in Fig. 306. Madagascan species ............................................................................................. tamatavei

­. Body smaller, not exceeding 12.5 mm in length (7.65­12.17); paramere and penis different. Oriental species ................................................................ 52.

52. Pronotal transverse impression behind calli prolonged laterally backwards to posterolateral angles; body smaller, 7.65­8.40 mm in length; paramere and penis as in Figs 235­236 ............................................................... noonadanae

­. Pronotal transverse impression behind calli laterally not continued backwards to posterolateral angles; body larger, 8.00­ 12.17 mm in length; paramere and penis different ............................................................................................ 53.

53. Costa with a single setigerous puncture bearing hair­like seta .................. 54.

­. Costa with 2 setigerous punctures bearing hair­like setae ........................... 55.

54. Male hind femur with larger subapical tooth (Fig. 246), female hind femur with small but clearly visible subapical tooth; 2 nd antennal segment 0.62­0.66 times as long as the 3 rd; paramere and penis as in Figs 248­250 ........... pfeifferi [part]

­. Male hind femur with smaller subapical tooth (Fig. 89), female hind femur without or with almost indistinct subapical tooth; 2 nd antennal segment 0.64­ 0.70 times as long as the 3 rd; paramere and penis as in Figs 90 and 92­93 ............ ............................................................................................... borneensis [part]

55. Ocelli smaller, ocellar index 3.8­4.9; 2 nd antennal segment 0.70­0.82 times as long as the 3 rd ............................................................................................ 56.

­. Ocelli larger, ocellar index 2.9­4.3; 2 nd antennal segment 0.62­0.70 times as long as the 3 rd ........................................................................................... 57.

56. 2 nd antennal segment 0.80­0.82 times as long as the 3 rd; body larger, 9.36­11.57 mm in length; paramere and penis as in Figs 110 and 112­113 ........ dalawanus

­. 2 nd antennal segment 0.70­0.75 times as long as the 3 rd; body smaller, 8.00­ 10.78 mm in length; paramere and penis as in Figs 134­135 ............... gibbulus

57. Male hind femur with larger subapical tooth (Fig. 246), female hind femur with small but clearly visible subapical tooth; 2 nd antennal segment 0.62­0.66 times as long as the 3 rd; paramere and penis as in Figs 248­250 .......... pfeifferi [part]

­. Male hind femur with smaller subapical tooth (Fig. 89), female hind femur without or with almost indistinct subapical tooth; 2 nd antennal segment 0.64­ 0.70 times as long as the 3 rd; paramere and penis as in Figs 90 and 92­93 ............ ............................................................................................. borneensis [part]