Sphyrna integra Probst, 1878

Sphyrna integra Probst, 1878

Plate 5, Figs 33–42

* Sphyrna integra Probst 1878: 152 , pl. 1, figs 46, 47.

Carcharias (Scoliodon) taxandriae Leriche 1926: 434 , pl. 28, figs 8–10.

Carcharias (Scoliodon) taxandriae Leriche 1926 — Van de Geyn 1937: 320, pl. 12, figs 2, 3.

Cestracion (Sphyrna) priscus (Agassiz) — Zbyszewski & Almeida 1950: 351, pl. 7, figs 139–141.

Physodon secundus Winkler— Serralheiro 1954: 61 , pl. 2, figs 41–45.

Scoliodon taxandriae Leriche— Serralheiro 1954: 64 , pl. 1, figs 48–51.

Cestracion laevissimus (Cope) — Serralheiro 1954: 68, pl. 2, figs 60, 61.

Scoliodon taxandriae Leriche— Jonet 1966: 77 , pl. 3, figs 13–15.

Scoliodon aff. taxandriae Leriche— Jonet 1966: 78 , pl. 3, figs 16–23.

Scoliodon dentatus Jonet 1966: 79 , pl. 4, figs 1–10.

Scoliodon taxandriae Leriche, 1926 — Antunes & Jonet 1970: 178, pl. 14, figs 82–91.

? Sphyrna zygaena (Lin., 1758) View in CoL — Antunes & Jonet 1970: 197, pl. 18, figs 133–134, pl. 19, figs 136, 137, pl. 20, fig. 141. Sphyrna arambourgi Cappetta, 1970: 70 , pl. 19, figs 1–18.

Sphyrna zygaena (Linné, 1758) View in CoL — Jonet et al. 1975: 206, pl. 1, figs 10, 11.

? Scoliodon taxandriae ( Leriche, 1926) — Jonet 1978: 31, pl. 1, figs?12, 14,?23.

Scoliodon taxandriae Leriche— Antunes et al. 1981: 18 , pl. 3, figs 9, 14.

Sphyrna integra Probst, 1878 —Pfeil, in Barthelt et al. 1991: 204, pl. 3, fig. 19.

? Sphyrna View in CoL cf. Sphyrna media (Springer, 1940) View in CoL — Purdy et al. 2001: 158, figs 58d–g.

Sphyrna arambourgi Cappetta, 1970 — Ward & Bonavia 2001: 140, pl. 1, fig. C.

Sphyrna integra Probst, 1878 —Reinecke & Wienrich 2005: 982, pl. 186, figs 5, 6.

Sphyrna arambourgi Cappetta, 1970 — Cappetta 2012: 316.

Sphyrna arambourgi Cappetta, 1970 — Fialho 2015: 54, pl. 5, fig. 2.

Sphyrna arambourgi Cappetta, 1970 — Carrillo-Briceño et al. 2016: 7, pl. 7, figs 21–25.

Sphyrna integra Probst, 1878 — Höltke et al. 2024: 171, fig. 9.7.

Material. 67 isolated teeth. NHMW 2025 View Materials /0177/0017 ( 11 specimens) .

Description. The dentition of an extant successors Sphyrna lewini Cuvier, Griffith & Smith, 1834 , Sphyrna mokkaran ( Rüppell, 1837) and Sphyrna zygaena ( Linnaeus, 1758) were illustrated by Bass et al. (1975a: 98, pl. 10, 99, pl. 11 and 100, pl. 12, resp.) that is used to identify the fossil remains. The latter is most closely similar to Sphyrna integra Probst 1878 .

The upper teeth ( Pl. 5, figs 33–37) possess a principal cusp that is strongly inclined distally and have a distal blade separated by a notch. The mesial cutting edge is concave, the distal one convex. The root is divided into two equally wide root lobes by a median groove that diverges at an angle of 150 to 160°. The lower teeth ( Pl. 5, figs 38–42) possess a principal cusp that is strongly inclined distally with a distal blade. The root is also divided by a median groove into two equally wide root lobes that diverge at an angle of 160 to 180°.

Discussion. The teeth are hardly distinguishable from those illustrated by Probst (1878) as Sphyrna integra and those illustrated by Cappetta (1970) as Sphyrna arambourgi . Both are similar sized and show the same tooth morphological characters. Both teeth illustrated by Probst (1878: pl. 1, figs 46 and 47), are the same as those in Cappetta (1970: pl. 19, figs 15 and 5, resp.). As S. integra is the senior name, we consider Sphyrna arambourgi a junior subjective synonym of S. integra .

Distribution. Lower Miocene (Burdigalian):Atlantic, Portugal ( Serralheiro 1954). Middle Miocene (Langhian), Mediterranean, southern France, Italy ( Cappetta 1987). Upper Miocene (Tortonian): Lower Tagus Basin ( e.g., Antunes & Jonet 1970); Algarve Basin, Cacela Fm. (this paper).

Distribution in Portugal. Lower Miocene: (Burdigalian) Lower Tagus Basin, Portugal ( Serralheiro 1954). Middle Miocene: (Langhian–Serravallian) Lower Tagus Basin ( Serralheiro 1954; Fialho 2015); (Serravallian) Lagos–Portimão Fm., Portugal ( Antunes et al. 1981). Upper Miocene: (Tortonian) Lower Tagus Basin ( Serralheiro 1954; Antunes & Jonet 1970); Algarve Basin, Cacela Fm. (this paper).