Hemipristis serra Agassiz, 1835

Hemipristis serra Agassiz, 1835

Plate 3, Figs 13–17

* Hemipristis serra Agassiz, 1835 : pl. 27, figs 18–30.

Hemipristis paucidens Agassiz, 1835 : pl. 27, figs 31–33.

Glyphis ungulata Münster, 1846: 22 , pl. 2, fig. 19.

Hemipristis serra Agassiz, 1835 — Probst 1878: 143, pl. 1, figs 49–57.

Hemipristis klunzingeri Probst, 1878: 146 , pl. 1, figs 58–63.

Carcharhinus ( Prionodon) ungulatus Münster, 1846 — Probst 1878: 131, pl. 1, figs 27–28.

Carcharhinus ( Prionodon) armatus Probst, 1878: 133 , pl. 1, figs 32–33.

Hemipristis serra Agassiz, 1835 — Van de Geyn 1937: 324, pl. 12, figs 53,?54, pl. 13, figs 1–6. Hemipristis serra Agassiz— Zbyszewski & Almeida 1950: 344 , pl. 7, figs 157–170.

Hemipristis serra Agassiz— Jonet 1966: 72 , pl. 1, fig. 9.

Hemipristis serra Agassiz, 1843 [ sic]— Cappetta 1970: 48, pl. 11, figs 1–18.

Hemipristis serra Agassiz, 1843 [ sic]— Antunes & Jonet 1970: 167, pl. 11, figs 63–64, pl. 12, figs 65–67. Hemipristis serra Agassiz, 1843 [ sic]— Jonet 1978: 29, pl. 1, fig. 7.

Hemipristis serra Agassiz— Antunes et al. 1981: 18 , pl. 2, figs 7–9, pl. 3, fig. 5.

Hemipristis serra Agassiz, 1843 [ sic]— Cappetta 1987: 119, text-figs 101g –i.

Hemipristis serra Agassiz, 1843 [ sic]— Müller 1999: 54, pl. 8, figs 9–15, pl. 9, figs 1–9.

Hemipristis serra Agassiz, 1843 [ sic]— Reinecke et al. 2011: 62, pl. 56.

Hemipristis serra Agassiz, 1843 [ sic]— Cappetta 2012: 297, text-figs 279 g –i.

Hemipristis serra Agassiz, 1835 — Schultz 2013: 90, pl. 7, figs 5a–b, 8a–10b.

Hemipristis serra Agassiz— Esteves & Silva 2014: 4 , pl. 1, figs 2–4.

Hemipristis serra Agassiz, 1843 [ sic]—Pollerspöck & Baeury 2014: 29, pl. 1, fig. 5.

Hemipristisserra [ sic] Agassiz, 1835 — Fialho et al. 2021: 415, figs 6a–b.

Hemipristis serra Agassiz, 1835 — Fialho 2022: 120, pl. 5, fig. A.

Material. Four isolated teeth: three upper teeth ( Pl. 3, Figs 13a–15b), one anterior tooth and two lateral ones, and two lower teeth ( Pl. 3, Figs 16a–17b). NHMW 2025 View Materials /0177/0011 ( 5 specimens) .

Description. The upper teeth possess a principal cusp that is curved distally with a coarse serration at the distal cutting edge and a significantly finer serration at the upper end of the mesial cutting edge. The root is divided into two curved root lobes by a central median groove diverging at an angle of 90°.

The lower anterior teeth have a relatively narrow, elongated, distally inclined principal cusp of which the mesial and distal cutting edges bare a serration at the lower end that is stronger at the distal cutting edge. The holaulacorhizid root is divided into two root lobes by relatively deep central groove and diverge at an angel of 90°, the mesial one approximately twice as wide as the distal one.

Discussion. The species shows strongly dignathic heterodonty. The very characteristic upper and lower teeth normally are scarce in Eocene and Miocene outcrops. For a genus belonging to Hemigaleidae , the teeth of Hemipristis reach extreme sizes compared to Chaenogaleus and Paragaleus specimens that possess significantly smaller teeth.

Distribution. Lower-Middle Miocene: southern Germany (Pollerspöck & Baeury 2014); Paratethys ( Schultz 2013), Atlantic, France ( Schultz 2013), USA, Europe, Java, India, Australia, Cabinda, Zaire, western Africa, Japan (Capetta 1987), Morocco, Congo, Angola, Mozambique, Madagascar ( Schultz 2013). Hemipristis serra is particularly abundant in neritic deposits containing a warm water fauna, whereas it is scarce in more northern deposits, like those of Holland and Belgium where it until the Pliocene ( Cappetta 1987). Pliocene: Angola and Zanzibar, Pleistocene Celebes region (Capetta 1987: 120; Müller 1999: 54), Alabama, Florida, USA ( Ebersole et al. 2017).

Distribution in Portugal. Lower Miocene: (Burdigalian), Lower Tagus Basin ( Zbyszewski & Almeida 1950; Esteves & Silva 2014). Middle Miocene: (Langhian-Serravallian) Lower Tagus Basin ( Zbyszewski & Almeida 1950; Antunes & Jonet 1970; Fialho et al. 2021); Algarve Basin, Lagos–Portimão Fm. ( Antunes et al. 1981). Upper Miocene: (Tortonian), Lower Tagus Basin ( Zbyszewski & Almeida 1950); Algarve Basin, Cacela Fm. (this paper).

Genus Paragaleus Budker, 1938

Type species. Paragaleus pectoralis ( Garman, 1906) View in CoL .