Sanganus westwoodii ( Vollenhoven, 1866 ), 1909

Sanganus westwoodii ( Vollenhoven, 1866) View in CoL

Fig. 1A

Dalcantha Westwoodii Vollenhoven, 1866: 217-218 , pl. 11, fig. 5 (spec. nov., description).

Pycanum westwoodii: Vollenhoven (1868): 33-34, pl. 3, fig. 7 (description).

Pycanum Westwoodii : Walker (1868): 471 (listed).

Oxylobus Westwoodii: Stål (1870): 76 (listed).

Oxylobus westwoodii: Walker (1873): 27 (listed).

Oxylobus Westwoodi: Lethierry & Severin (1893): 232 (catalogue).

Oxylobus westwoodii: Schouteden (1907): 37 (taxonomic status).

Sanganus westwoodii : Distant (1909): 390 (cf. Sanganus jenseni ; taxonomic status).

Pseudopycanum westwoodi: Kirkaldy (1909): 357 (catalogue).

Sanganus westwoodii: Blöte (1945): 307 (listed, distribution).

Pseudopycanum westwoodii: Krikken et al.(1981):250 (type material).

Sanganus westwoodii: Rolston et al.(1993): 75 (catalogue).

Type material examined. Holotype ♀ ( RMNH): “Muller [printed], Sumatra [printed in italic] / Holotypus [printed, blue label] / Museum Leiden [printed], Sanganus westwoodii v. Voll. [handwritten], Det: [printed]” [ Indonesia, Sumatra; undated, but before 1866]. Fourth segment of left antenna, last two segments of fore tarsi, and right hind leg missing. Needle pinned through base of scutellum and metasternal xyphus, thus obscuring metasternum. Remark: This specimen definitely belongs to Vollenhoven’ s collection. The original description ( Vollenhoven 1866) does not mention any numbers but indicates that he had only one female specimen at his disposition (measurements given as single values, not as a range). Since Vollenhoven did not label his types as such ( Krikken et al. 1981), it is assumed that the holotypus label was added at a later date (most probably by Blöte) .

Additional material examined. 4 ƋƋ: BMNH (1 ex.): “Selangor 7. M.S., Ulu Langat, Nov: 1916? [handwritten]” [ Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Selangor State, Hulu Langat District ]. – NHMW (1 ex.): “Fric. 1882 [Antonín Fric] / Ambal? [handwritten]” [ Indonesia, Java, Kebumen Regency, Ambal ?]. – ZSM (2 ex.): “ Sumatra, Holzweg 2A, 1100-1200m, 14.VI.1987, leg. E. Diehl [printed] / Sanganus westwoodii (Voll. 1866) Ƌ [handwritten], det. Arnold 2007 [printed] / yellow confetti / Zoologische Staatssammlung München [printed]”. – “Sumatra, Holzweg 2, 1050m, Simalungun, 03.11.1984, leg. E. Diehl [printed] / Sanganus westwoodii (Voll. 1866) Ƌ [handwritten], det. Arnold 2007 [printed] / yellow confetti / Zoologische Staatssammlung München [printed]” [ Indonesia, Sumatra, Simalungun Regency. Genitalia dissected by the authors]. 15 ♀♀ : BMNH (3 ex.): “Sarawak, Pool of Entomologists, Serial No. [printed] 2392 [handwritten], per C.R. Wallace [printed] / Sanganus sp. [handwritten], M.S.K. Ghauri [printed]” [ Malaysia, Borneo Island, Sarawak State; undated]. – “H.H. Karny, Mentewei [printed] 95 [handwritten], Siberoet 23.IX [handwritten] 1924 [printed] / Sanganus sp. [handwritten]” [ Indonesia, Mantawi Islands, Siberut Isle ]. – “C. Pruett, B.M. 1975 -590 / N. Borneo: Sabah, Sandakan Dist., Rumidi, R, Labuk, 16- 30.ix.1973 [printed] / PS. SP. [handwritten]” [ Malaysia, Borneo Island, Sabah State, Sandakan District]. – ZMUA (2 ex.): “coll. Zoölogisch Museum, acq. 1938 / Oost-Borneo, Sangasanga-dalem [printed]” [ Indonesia, Borneo Island, East Kalimantan Province, Samarinda, Sangasanga-dalam ; undated, but before 1939)]. – “Surigao, Mindanao / coll. Dr. D. Mac Gillavry [printed] / Pseudopycanum cf.westwoodii Voll ? var?, det. H.J.M.G. [handwritten]” [ Philippines, Mindanao, Surigao ; undated]. – ZSM (4 ex.): “Sumatra, Mr. Sibohl 2, 14.IX.1996, leg. E. Diehl [printed] / Sanganus westwoodii (Voll. 1866) ♀ [handwritten], det. Arnold 2007 [printed], 2007062723 [handwritten] / yellow confetti / Zoologische Staatssammlung München [printed]” [ Indonesia, Sumatra, precise location could not be identified]. – “ Sumatra, Holzweg 2, 1050m, Simalungun , 03.11.1994, leg. E. Diehl [printed] / Sanganus westwoodii (Voll. 1866) ♀ [handwritten], det. Arnold 2007 [printed] / yellow confetti / Zoologische Staatssammlung München [printed]”. – “ Sumatra, Holzweg 2/4, 1150m, Simalungun , 03.11.1994, leg. E.W. Diehl / Sanganus westwoodii (Voll. 1866) ♀ [handwritten], det. Arnold 2006 [printed] / Zoologische Staatssammlung München [printed]”. – “Sumatra, Holzweg 2/4, 1150m, Simalungun, leg. 13.X.1996, E.W. Diehl / Sanganus westwoodii (Voll. 1866) ♀ [handwritten], det. Arnold 2006 [printed] / Zoologische Staatssammlung München [printed]” [ Indonesia, Sumatra, North Sumatra Province, Pematang Siantar , Simalungun]. – cPHM (5 ex.): Peninsular Malaysia, Pahang State, Cameron Highlands , Tapah; 15 March 2002, Dec. 2005, Sept. 2006 [collector not specified]. – cHGK (1 ex.): Not labelled .

Redescription

Colouration. Dorsal and ventral surface of dried specimens saddle-brown.

Head. Mandibular plates laterally convex, distally broadly rounded ( Fig. 2 A). Antenna with third and proximal part of fourth segment fuscous, remainder light brown; apex of fourth segment yellowish or reddish ( Fig. 3 A).

Pronotum. Lateral margins nearly straight and parallel ( Fig. 4 A), distally diverging in one of the specimens studied ( Fig. 4.2 A); margins narrowly fuscous laterally and antero-laterally; punctures isolated and evenly distributed, more rarely in groups, giving the impression of obscure, coarse punctures ( Fig. 4.1 A), humeral angles distally surpassing head.

Scutellum rugopunctate; punctures dark brown to black, fine or medium-sized and densely arranged; distal tongue smooth, not or scarcely punctate, often yellowish ( Fig. 5 A).

Hemelytra ( Fig. 6 A). Venation of corium quite well-developed, lateral margins of corium slightly diverging in the proximal third, then bent distad at an obtuse angle; membrane distally surpassing abdomen.

Sternum. Metasternal carina only anteriorly developed, with drop-shaped ridge ( Fig. 7 A).

Metathoracic scent efferent system. Mesopleural evaporatorium rather small and ovoid, approximately in centre of mesopleuron, isolated from posterior mesopleural margin ( Fig. 8 A).

Abdomen. Shape and size of ventral laterotergites VII typically as shown in Fig. 10A, but quite variable ( Fig. 10.1 A).

Male genitalia. Distal edge of pygophore distinctly W-shaped, with deep median notch ( Fig. 11 A). Sensory lobe of paramere reduced, slightly convex ( Fig. 12 A).Aedeagus ( Fig. 13 A) as in generic description; sclerotized proximal conjunctival appendages long, distally tapering, apically slightly furrowed ( Fig. 13.1 A).

Female genitalia. Laterotergites IX subquadrangular, lateral margins concave, sutural margins distally deeply emarginate ( Fig. 14 A). Spermatheca as in generic description ( Fig. 15 A).

Measurements ( N = 4 ƋƋ, 15 ♀♀). Total body length: Ƌ 23.4-23.7 mm, ♀ 24.8-32.2 mm (holotype 30.2 mm). Maximum body width across abdomen: Ƌ 13.4-14.9 mm, ♀ 14.9-19.2 mm (holotype 17.9 mm). Head width: Ƌ 3.6-3.7 mm, ♀ 3.4-4.4 mm (holotype 4.1 mm). Mean ratios of antennal segments I to IV: Ƌ 0.18:0.66:0.63:1.00, ♀ 0.21: 0.71: 0.68: 1.00 (holotype 0.23:0.78:0.72:1.00). Maximum pronotum width: Ƌ 12.4-13.3 mm, ♀ 13.0- 17.3 mm (holotype 16.3 mm). Maximum pronotum length: Ƌ 7.0- 7. 7 mm, ♀ 7.4-9. 8 mm (holotype 9.0 mm). Median scutellum length: Ƌ 4.9-5.6 mm, ♀ 5.4-7.0 mm (holotype 6.7 mm). Basal scutellum width: Ƌ 7.8- 8.6 mm, ♀ 8.4-10.4 mm (holotype 10.4 mm).

Etymology. Dedicated to the British entomologist J. O. Westwood.

Distribution ( Fig. 17). Previously, S. westwoodii was recorded only from the type locality Sumatra (see Rolston et al. 1993). According to the material examined for this review, the distribution extends over a considerably larger area: Malaysia: Peninsular Malaysia (Selangor, Pahang), Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah).Indonesia: Sumatra, Mantawi Islands (Pulau Siberut), Java?, Borneo (East Kalimantan). Philippines: Mindanao.