Opoptera sulcius ( Staudinger, 1887 )

Opoptera sulcius ( Staudinger, 1887) View in CoL

Figs 35–40 View FIGURE 35 View FIGURE 36 View FIGURE 37 View FIGURE 38 View FIGURE 39 View FIGURE 40

Opsiphanes sulcius Staudinger, 1887 , in Staudinger & Schatz. Exot. Schmett. 1 (18), p. 212; 4 males Santa Catarina , [ Brazil].— Stichel, 1932. Lep. Cat. 51, p. 53.— Hoffmann, 1937. Int. ent. Z., 51 (5): 51–52; biol., host plant.

Opoptera sulcius View in CoL ; Stichel, 1902. Berl. ent. Ztschr. 46 (4): 490.— Stichel, 1904, in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 20, p. 24, pl. 4, fig. 4 (male d, v).— Stichel, 1909. Das Tierreich 25, p. 103.— Fruhstorfer, 1911 –12, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5, p. 293, pl. 63a (d).— Stichel, 1932. Lep. Cat. 51, p. 53.— Casagrande, 2004. Brassolini View in CoL , in Lamas (ed.) Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. View in CoL 5A, p. 203; syn.: sodalis View in CoL .— Penz, 2009a. Zootaxa 1985 (1): 10; phylog.— Penz & Mohammadi, 2013. Biota neotrop. 13 (3): 167.— Penz & Heine, 2016. Neotrop. Entomol.

45 (1): 51, fig. 1 (male d, v); morph., beh.— Orlandin et al., 2020. Borb. Meio-Oeste S. Catarina View in CoL , p. 174, 328, fig. 115 a, b (d, v); biol., ecol., host plant.

Opoptera sulcius var. sodalis Röber, 1906 View in CoL . Soc. Ent., 20 (23): 177; 3 males e 2 females, São Paulo , [ Brazil].— Stichel, 1909. Das Tierreich 25, p. 103, 105.— Fruhstorfer, 1911 –12, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5, p. 293.— Stichel, 1932. Lep. Cat. 51, p. 53.

Taxonomic history. Opoptera sulcius ( Staudinger, 1887) View in CoL was described in the genus Opsiphanes View in CoL . Stichel (1902) later transferred the species to Opoptera View in CoL . Röber (1906) described Opoptera sulcius var. sodalis View in CoL . Casagrande (2004) considered Opoptera sulcius var. sodalis View in CoL as a junior synonym of Opoptera sulcius View in CoL .

Type material. Opsiphanes sulcius Staudinger, 1887 was described based on four males and one female from Santa Catarina [ Brazil]. A male was found in the MfN with the following labels: / sulcius Stgr. Type/ Origin./ Blum[enau]. M./. In order to stabilize the nomenclature of this taxon and allow for a correct identification, this specimen is hereby designated as the lectotype, and the following labes will be attached:/ LECTOTYPUS / Lectotypus Opsiphanes sulcius Staudinger, 1887 , Cajé, Casagrande, Piovesan, O. Mielke & Lamas det. 2025/ ( Fig. 39 View FIGURE 39 ).

Opsiphanes sulcius var. sodalis Röber, 1906 was described based on three males and two females from São Paulo [ Brazil]. In the NHMUK collection a female syntype was found with the following labels: / S. Paolo/ Rothschild Bequest B. M. 1939-1./ 622./ FELDER COLLN./. In order to stabilize the nomenclature of this taxon and allow for correction identification, this specimen is hereby designated as the lectotype, and the following labels will be attached: / LECTOTYPUS / Lectotypus Opsiphanes sulcius var. sodalis Röber, 1906 , Cajé, Casagrande, Piovesan, O. Mielke & Lamas det. 2025/ ( Fig. 40 View FIGURE 40 ).

Diagnosis. DFW with yellowish band, forming a “Y”, with the proximal arm is wider than the distal arm. HW without tail prolongation. DHW of the males with hairpencil grouped in bundles in the discal cell; females lacking iridescence. Differs from Opoptera syme in that the proximal arm of the “Y” is wider ( Figs 35–36 View FIGURE 35 View FIGURE 36 ).

Male genitalia. Tegumen triangular in lateral view, with dorsal surface convex; anterior projection of saccus shorter than the arms; uncus pointed, not exceeding the length of the valva, proximal portion with tuft of setae, lateral margin concave; gnathos with proximal portion rectangular and with spine anteriorly directed, distal portion elongated and pointed; valva elongated, projected beyond the uncus, externally and internally with numerous setae, anterior portion wider than the posterior portion, narrowing towards the median portion, distal portion wide, flattened and with protuberance in the ventral margin; aedeagus without lateral projections; fultura inferior triangular ( Fig. 37 View FIGURE 37 ).

Female genitalia. Lamella antevaginalis sclerotized, narrow, emarginated medially; lamella postvaginalis sclerotized, wider than the lamella postvaginalis, with a median protuberance posteriorly projected; intersegmental membrane rounded in the anterior margin; basal portion of the ductus seminalis sclerotized ( Fig. 38 View FIGURE 38 ).

Variation. Forewing length, male (n=5): 38–41 mm, female (n=5): 41–45 mm. DFW marginal band yellowish may be conspicuous or faded. VFW size and shape of the spots adjacent to the “ b ”, “ c ”, “ d ” elements in the basal and discal regions; size and shape of the eyespot between M 1 –M 2. VHW size and shape of the eyespots in the discal region.

Geographic distribution. Brazil ( São Paulo , Paraná, Santa Catarina , Rio Grande do Sul); Argentina (Misiones) ( Fig. 60 View FIGURE 60 ). Elevation between 650 and 1,800 m.

Temporal distribution. Based on the material examined, fly in January–April, November and December.

Specimens examined. Photos of the lectotype of Opsiphanes sulcius Staudinger, 1887 ; lectotype of Opsiphanes sulcius var. sodalis Röber, 1906 , and the following specimens: BRAZIL: São Paulo —Campos do Jordão ( Umuara ), 1,800 m, 3–15-II-1937, 1 female, Gagarin leg., DZ 57.715 (DZUP); São Paulo ( Santo Amaro ), 15-III-1942, 1 female, D’Almeida leg., DZ 57.675 (DZUP). Paraná —Jaguariaíva, I-1955, 1 male, C’. Bruhn. leg., ex-coll. F. Justus Jr., DZ 57.713 (DZUP); Ponta Grossa, II-1940, 2 female, ex-coll. F. Justus Jr., DZ 57.655, DZ 57.656 (DZUP); Colombo (Embrapa), 18-III-1993, 1 male, Casagrande leg., DZ 57.708 (DZUP); Quatro Barras ( Banhado [= Estação Banhado ]), 7-III-1970, 1 female, Becker & Laroca leg., DZ 57.659 (DZUP); Curitiba (Parque Municipal Barigui), 25º25’43’’S, 49º18’33’’W, 24-III-2016, 1 male, F. Gaviria leg., DZ 57.722 (DZUP), 900 m, 22-II-1979, 1 male, O. Mielke leg., 57.640 (DZUP); Balsa Nova ( São Luiz do Purunã), 1-II-1981, 1 male, Mielke leg., DZ 57.670 (DZUP), 950 m, 9-II-1981, 4 males, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 57.667, 57.678, 57.679, 57.681 (DZUP), 900 m, 25-II-1984, 3 females, 1 male, O.-C. Mielke leg., DZ 57.628, 57.662, 57.673, 57.635 (DZUP), 8-III-1980, 2 males, 1 female, Mielke leg., DZ 57.712, 57.716, 2472 (DZUP), 950 m, 10-XI-1985, 1 male, Mielke leg., DZ 57.711 (DZUP); Piraquara (Mananciais da Serra ), 8-III-2007, 1 female, P. Grossi leg., DZ 57.721 (DZUP), ( Santuário da Natureza Família Walker ), -25.4982899, -48.9988743, 890 m, 15–18-III-2022, 3 females, Cajé, Mélo, Piovesan & Orlandin leg., DZ 57.725, 58.649, 58.567 (DZUP); Morretes ( Alto da Serra ), 850 m, 22-II-2001, 1 male, G. Lamas leg., (MUSM); Guarapuava, XII-1954, 1 male, H. Schneider leg., ex-coll. F. Justus Jr., DZ 57.644 (DZUP); São José dos Pinhais , 850 m, 17-II-1988, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 17.021 (DZUP—OM); Lapa, 850 m, 2-IV-1980, 1 male, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 57.710 (DZUP); Tijucas do Sul (Rincão), 850 m, 8-III-1972, 1 male, Mielke leg., DZ 57.652 (DZUP), 10-III-1971, 1 female, Mielke leg., DZ 57.661 (DZUP), ( Vossoroca ), IV-1971, 1 female, Moure & Mielke leg., DZ 57.629 (DZUP), 850 m, 8-II-1981, 1 male, Mielke leg., DZ 57.637 (DZUP), 28-II-1979, 1 male, Mielke leg., DZ 57.641, 1 male, 12-II-1977, DZ 57.645 (DZUP); Palmas, 1 male, ex-coll. Gagarin, DZ 57.630 (DZUP), 17-I-1942, 1 male, Victor Stawiarski leg., ex-coll. Gagarin, DZ 57.631 (DZUP), 1 male, ex-coll. Gagarin, DZ 57.653 (DZUP), 1-II-1932, 1 male, Victor Stawiarski leg., ex-coll. Gagarin, DZ 57.654 (DZUP), I-1930, 1 female, Victor Stawiarski leg., ex-coll. Gagarin, DZ 57.707 (DZUP). Santa Catarina —Porto União, 2 males, Stawiarski leg., ex-coll. D’Almeida, DZ 57.689, 57.690 (DZUP); São Bento do Sul ( Rio Vermelho ), 850 m, 22-I-1974, 1 male, 26-I-1981, 1 male, 650 m, 2-I-1982, 2 males, 850 m, 22-I-1982, 1 male, 650 m, 31-I-1982, 2 males, 850 m, 11-I-1983, 3 males, 16-I-1983, 1 male, 31-I-1983, 1 female, 650 m, 16-II-1980, 2 females, 9-II-1980, 2 males, 1 female, 850 m, 10-II-1983, 1 female, 650 m, 11-II-1980, 1 female, 2 males, 12-II-1980, 2 males, 12-II-1982, 7 males, II-1980, 2 males, 850 m, II-1982, 1 male, 13-II-1980, 1 female, 1 male, 14-II-1981, 4 males, 1 female, 650 m, 14-II-1982, 1 male, 2-II-1982, 1 male, 7-II-1982, 3 males, 18-II-1982, 1 female, 4-II-1982, 1 male, 850 m, 18-III-1982, 1 female, III-1982, 1 male, III-1980, 1 female, Rank leg., DZ 57.714, 57.650, 57.682, 57.694, 57.665, 57.668, 57.695, 57.646, 57.657, 57.658, 57.669, 57.643, 57.625, 57.660, 57.639, 57.649, 2417, 57.664, 57.627, 57.632, 57.633, 57.638, 57.688, 57.691, 57.699, 57.701, 57.703, 57.677, 57.684, 57.685, 57.647, 57.648, 57.697, 57.626, 57.651, 57.636, 57.642, 57.666, 57.680, 57.672, DZ 57.683, 57.705, 57.693, 57.696, 57.704, 57.700, 57.692, 57.674, 57.698, 57.663 (DZUP), 850 m, 13-III-1980, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. H. Ebert, DZ 57.671 (DZUP), 3-IV-1970, 1 female, ex-coll. Gagarin, DZ 57.687 (DZUP), 9-II-1971, 1 male, ex-coll. Gagarin, DZ 2365 (DZUP); Joaçaba (Parque Municipal Rio do Peixe), 27º09’50’’S, 51º34’47’’W, 15-II-2017, 1 male, 3-III-2017, 1 female, E. Orlandin leg., DZ 57.723, 57.724 (DZUP); Agrolândia, I-1982, 1 female, Mielke & West leg., DZ 57.702 (DZUP), I-1973, 1 male, ex-coll. H. Ebert, DZ 57.717 (DZUP); Ituporanga ( Rio do Sul), 2-IV-1970, 1 male, W. Sommer leg., DZ 57.634 (DZUP); Florianópolis (Naufragados), 22-III-2004, 1 male, 9-IV-2004, 1 female, 16-IV-2005, 1 female, E. C. Santos leg. DZ 57.719, 57.720, 57.709 (DZUP). Rio Grande do Sul —Gramado, 28-I-1973, 2 males, ex-coll. H. Ebert, DZ 57.718, 25.224 (DZUP); Pelotas (Cascata), 7-II-1942, 1 male, DZ 25.234 (DZUP). ARGENTINA: Misiones —Dos de Mayo, XII-1979, 1 male, Foerster leg., OM 39.350 (DZUP—OM).